动词不定式.ppt上课用

Grammar TheInfinitive动词不定式 B7 Unit1Livingwell Martysays 2 Iusedtoclimbtrees swimandplayfootball 3 ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker HaveALk Unfortunately thedoctorsdon tknowhowtomakemebetter butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability 4 Evenafterallthat noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds 5 Sometimes too Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered 6 MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup Martysays Martysays 7 LastyearIinvented andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme 8 Ialsohavetodoalotofwork especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile 9 Justacceptthemforwhotheyare andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式 由 to 动词原形 构成 其否定形式是 not nevertodo 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语 没有人称和数的变化 但有时态和语态的变化 不定式可以作主语 宾语 状语 表语和定语 但不能单独作谓语 动词不定式 结构 todo 否定 not nevertodo 二 时态与语态 不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 1 Theypretendednottoseeus 2 Hepretendedtobesleeping 3 Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时 几乎 发生在它之后 在谓语动词发生的同时 不定式的动作也正在进行 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 4 We rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou 完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续 1 作主语 2 作表语 4 作宾语补足语 3 作宾语 5 作定语 6 作状语 7 作插入语 三 用法 Toseeistobelieve It simportanttolearnEnglishwell 1 主语 单个不定式作主语时 谓语动词用单数若不定式太长 往往用it作形式主语 不定式置后 Myjobtohelpthepatient Yourtasktocleantheclassroom is is 2 表语 Iwanttogohome Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain 3宾语 think consider findit adj todo 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有 want agree afford attempt choose dare decide demand deserve determine fail expect get hate hesitate hope intend manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wish Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp 引导不定式作宾补的动词 warn tell allow help ask force等 sbtodosth 4 宾补 五看 watch see lookat observe notice 1 使役动词 三使 let make have 二听 listento hear 一感觉 feel 2 感官动词 e g Imadehimdohiswork Hewasmadetodohiswork byme 注意 2 help后面的 to 可省去 e g Theyoftenhelpthegrandma to carrywater 1 在使役动词let make have和感官动词feel hear listento watch see notice lookat observe等后面 不定式作宾语补足语时要省 to 注 被动语态不能省to 3 不定式用在介词but except besides后时 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种形式 那么介词后的不定式不带to 相反则带to Shecoulddonothingbutcry Youhavenochoicebuttogo Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep Ihavesomethingtosay Hehasalotofhomeworktodo Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout 5 定语 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 则不定式中要有介词 请给我一支写字的笔 Pleasegivemeapentowritewith Hespokeloudly soas inorder tobeheard 1 表示目的 toinordertosoasto 6作状语 Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain Icameheretoseeyou 2 表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语 sorry surprised happy glad eager angry right wrong rude cruel disappointed等 eg I mglad pleasedtoseeyou Weweresurprisedtohearthenews so adj adv astodo such adj n astodo adj adv enough todo Hewassofoolishastobelieveit Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit 3 结果状语 注意 不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果 Hehurriedtothestation onlytofindthetrainhadleft 7 插入语 tobefrank tobehonest tobeginwith Totellthetruth Idon tagreewithyou 类似的结构 疑问词who which when how what等与不定式连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语 表语 宾语等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay 宾语 他不知道说什么 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 主语 如何解决这个问题很重要 Myquestioniswhentostart 表语 我的问题是什么时候开始 四 疑问词 不定式 注意 1 不定式中的动词上文已出现过 下文要省略该动词 A Wouldyouliketogowithme B I dliketo 2 不定式是tobe结构 be不可省 A Wouldyouliketobeateacher B I dliketobe exercise Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 Thesentencewants oncemore explainedB toexplainC beingexplainedD explaining3 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being B D C 4 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave5 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A HavingsleepB SleepingC SleepD Tosleep6 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff B D C 7 Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve makingD tosolve made8 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy B A 二 Choosethecorrectformoftheverbstocompletethesentences Atthattime womenwereexpected athome takecareoftheirhusbandsandchildren andbehavelikeladies damage study take persuade make learn stay dealwith show create tostay 2 Ithinkit sreallyimportant friendswithdifferentkindsofpeople 3 Theyweredetermined theopportunitytoadvanceacrosstheriver 4 Isitpossible fromtheexperiencesofothers 5 Ifinallymanaged hertogiveuptheideaofbuyingadiamondring