陕西省中考英语 题型训练 第35讲 阅读理解课件.ppt

第35讲阅读理解 中考英语 阅读理解 题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力 很多同学在做题时常常有一种 读得懂做不对 的感觉 那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看 短文体裁多样 题材各异 文章涉及科学知识 社会文化 政治历史 人文环境和日常生活等方面 充分体现其时代性 实用性 短文难度逐年加大 常见题型有判断正误型阅读理解和选择型阅读理解 一 判断正误型阅读理解首先 要把握每个待定句子的含义 其次 要通读短文 把握文章大意 明确作者的观点和态度 再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句 与这些段落 词句意思相符或与作者观点相同的 可判断为正确的 否则 就是错误的 例1 阅读短文 判断句子正误 正确的写 a 错误的写 b 2015 长春 today peopleusetheinternettoshop playgames makefriendsandreadthenews manyyoungpeoplecan timaginelifewithoutit mostolderpeople ontheotherhand thinktheinternetisonly10or15yearsold infact theinternethasbeenusedforamuchlongertimethanmostpeoplethink in1957 theunitedstateswasinthemiddleofthecoldwar thesovietunion 苏联 hadsentupthefirstsatellite 卫星 namedsputnik intospace thismeantthesovietswereaheadoftheu s intechnology americanswereafraid scientistsinthearmyofamericastarteddevelopingideasforprotectingthecountry oneoftheideaswasanetwork 网络 thatwouldletpeopleacrossthecountrycommunicatebyusingcomputers thenetworktookmorethantenyearstodevelop itwasfirsttriedoutin1969 foranothertwentyyears itwasusedonlybyscientistswhoworkedwiththeu s government andbysomeengineers then in1990 thearmyofamericagavethecontroloftheinternettothenationalsciencefoundation theinternetthenbecameavailabletocollegesallovertheunitedstatesandtoscientistsacrosseurope thebiggestchangeinthewaythatpeopleusetheinternetcamein1992 forthefirsttime theinternetwasopenedtothegeneralpublic creatingwhatisnowknownastheworldwideweb soon peoplebeganfindingallkindsofdifferentthingstheycoulddoontheinternet today noonegovernmentcontrolstheinternetanditjustgetsbiggerandbigger itmakesourworlddifferent 1 infact theinternethasbeenusedforamuchlongertimethanmostpeoplethink 2 scientistsintheu s starteddevelopingideasforprotectingtheenvironmentin1957 3 aftermorethantenyears development thenetworkwasfirsttriedoutin1969 4 in1990 theinternetbecameavailabletocollegesallovereurope 5 today manygovernmentsareincontroloftheinternetanditgetsbiggerandbigger 短文大意 本文介绍了因特网的发展历史 在1957年 美国正处于冷战时期 出于军事目的 美国的科学家建了一个军用网 这就是因特网的前身 后来 因特网逐步流行起来 并逐渐渗入社会各个部门 今天 网络成了我们生活中不可缺少的一个重要组成部分 解析 1 我们可用 细节理解法 解答本题 由第一段的最后一句infact theinternethasbeenusedforamuchlongertimethanmostpeoplethink 可知 实际上 因特网比大多数人认为的使用时间更长 故本句正确 2 我们可用 细节理解法 解答本题 由第二段的倒数第二句scientistsinthearmyofamericastarteddevelopingideasforprotectingthecountry 可知 在1957年 美国的科学家是为了保卫国家而开始提出一些想法 而不是为了保护环境 故本句错误 3 我们可用 细节理解法 解答本题 由第三段的第一 二句thenetworktookmorethantenyearstodevelop itwasfirsttriedoutin1969 网络开发花费了十年多的时间 在1969年第一次试用 可知本句正确 4 我们可用 细节理解法 解答本题 由第三段的最后两句then in1990 thearmyofamericagavethecontroloftheinternettothenationalsciencefoundation theinternetthenbecameavailabletocollegesallovertheunitedstatesandtoscientistsacrosseurope 可知 1990年因特网在全美国的大学被使用 而不是在全欧洲的大学被使用 故本句错误 5 我们可用 细节理解法 解答本题 由最后一段的倒数第二句today noonegovernmentcontrolstheinternetanditjustgetsbiggerandbigger 可知 今天没有一个政府控制因特网 它变得越来越大 故本句错误 答案 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 b 2015 陕西 阅读下面一篇短文 判断下列句子是否符合短文内容 符合的用 a 表示 不符合的用 b 表示 edinburgh thecapitalcityofscotland isfamousforitsfestivals therearetwelvefestivalsaroundtheyear halfofthemarecelebratedduringthemonthsofjulyandaugust thousandsofpeoplevisitit herearesomeoftheevents 公开活动 youcanenjoyinedinburgh edinburghinternationalfestivalthefirstedinburghinternationalfestivalwasplannedduringworldwar forartiststofindhopeandcommunicatewitheachother later actors musicians dancersandsingersfromallovertheworldcameovertogiveperformances edinburghfestivalfringethisisoneofthelargestartfestivalintheworld therearethousandsofshowsacrossthecity itwasfirstheldasasupplement 补充 totheedinburghinternationalfestival thenitdevelopedverywell anyonecanperforminthefestivalandmanyartiststakepartinit duringthefestival youcangototheroyalmiletowatchperformancesforfree edinburghinternationalbookfestivalitbeganin1983 itisthelargestbookfestivalintheworld itisheldeveryyearincharlottesquaregardensinthecenterofedinburgh thereareover700eventsforkidsandadultswholovebooks youcanmeetmanywriters talktothemoraskthemtosignabook kidsalsolikeitbecausetheycanlistentostoriesandwatchartistsdrawpicturesofthestories 1 inedinburgh sixfestivalsarecelebratedinjulyandaugust 2 wecanwatchperformancesforfreeintheroyalmileduringtheedinburghfestivalfringe 3 thefirstedinburghinternationalfestivalwasplannedforartiststogiveperformances 4 theedinburghinternationalfestivalisasupplementtoedinburghfestivalfringe 5 kidsliketheedinburghinternationalbookfestivalbecausetheycanwatchartistsdrawtheirfavoritepictures a a b b b 二 选择型阅读理解做选择型阅读理解练习应先看问题 弄清考点 在阅读短文之前 快速浏览问题 以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数 快速 准确地捕捉所需信息 其次要注意先易后难 做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序 应遵循先易后难的原则 如可先做细节题再做推断题 因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案 而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解 再作判断 主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握 做此类题时 应通读全文 理解文章大意 充分理解主题句的意义 短文往往围绕主题句展开 主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句 细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题 体现中心思想的 往往针对短文某个细节来设题 做此类题时 应快速捕捉信息 可能是一些事例 数字等 阅读时要有针对性 例1 2015 呼和浩特 agroupofreportersaskedagroupof4 to 8 year oldchildrenthisquestion whatdoeslovemean theanswersweresurprising thechildrenwouldanswerliketheydidbelow rebecca age8 whenmygrandmotherhurtherknees shecouldn tbend 弯腰 overandpainthertoenails 脚趾甲 anymore somygrandfatherwoulddoitforherallthetime evenwhenhishandshurt too that slove samantha age6 loveiswhensomeonehurtsyou andyougetsomadbutyoudon tshoutatherbecauseyouknowitwouldhurtherfeelings terry age4 loveiswhatmakesyousmilewhenyou retired bethany age4 iletmybigsisterpickon 捉弄 mebecausemymumsayssheonlypicksonmebecauseshelovesme soipickonmybabysisterbecauseiloveher lauren age4 iknowmyeldersisterlovesmebecauseshegivesmeallheroldclothesandhastogooutandbuynewclothes elaine age5 loveiswhenmummygivesdaddythebestpieceofchicken clear age5 mymummylovesmemorethananybody youdon tseeanyoneelsekissingmetosleepatnight jessica age8 youreallyshouldn tsay iloveyou unlessyoumeanit butifyoumeanit youshouldsayitalot peopleforget 1 thepassagemainlytellsusabout a what life meanstochildrenb what family meanstochildrenc what friendship meanstochildrend what love meanstochildren解析 主旨大意题 通读全文可知 文章主要讲述了孩子们对 爱 的不同理解 故选d 本题难度中等 答案 2 whotoldusthelovebetweenmumanddad a clear b elaine c rebecca d lauren 解析 细节理解题 由elaine age5部分中的 loveiswhenmummygivesdaddythebestpieceofchicken 可知 elaine讲述了妈妈和爸爸之间的爱 故选b 本题难度中等 答案 d b 3 whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage a rebecca sgrandmotherevercouldn tbendover b bethanywantstobepickedonbyanyotherperson c ifsamanthabecomesangry shewillnotshoutatothers d laurenpreferstowearhersister soldclothes 解析 细节理解题 由bethany age4部分中的 iletmybigsisterpickon 捉弄 mebecausemymumsayssheonlypicksonmebecauseshelovesme 可知 bethany让姐姐捉弄她 是因为妈妈说姐姐爱她才这样做 因此b项 bethany想被其他任何人捉弄 是错误的 故选b 本题难度中等 答案 b 4 whatdoesjessicameanaboutlove a toomuchloveisnolove b youshouldsaylovemoreoften c youmeanwhatyouthink d saylovemoreoftenifyouhaveit 解析 细节理解题 由最后一段中的 butifyoumeanit youshouldsayitalot peopleforget 可知 jessica认为如果你拥有爱 你就应该经常说 故选d 本题难度较大 答案 d 5 whatisloveaccordingtoterry a loveisthecarebetweenhusbandandwife b loveisarestwhenyouaretired c loveiswhatcheersyouupwhenyouaretired d loveisakissfromparents 解析 细节理解题 由terry age4部分中的 loveiswhatmakesyousmilewhenyou retired 可知 terry认为爱就是当你累的时候 能够使你高兴起来的东西 故选c 本题难度较小 答案 c 2015 陕西 astraditionalchineseart papercuttinghasalonghistory thefirstandearliestpapercuttingwasfoundinchina1 500yearsago butthistraditionalartisatriskofdisappearingnow luckily voyowoo achineseimmigrant 移民 inamerica istryingtobringthisartbacktolife onesaturdayin2014 mswooheldapapercuttingshowatashoppingcenternearwashington shegotmuchfunandpeacedoingit shehopedmorepeoplewouldenjoyit mswoobegantostudytheartofpapercuttingasa14 year oldgirlinherhometowninchina shesaidallthestudentsatschoolhadtolearnpapercutting butshehadadeeploveforit soherteacherspentmoretimeteachingherafterclass later shewonthesecondprizeinanationalpaintingandartcompetition mswoowenttoamericaaftershefinishedcollegein2008 soonafterthat shetookpartinanactivitytopromote 宣传 chinesepapercutting andthenshewasinvitedtoshowtheartinmanyimportantactivities itisimportanttopromotethisarttoamericansoranyonewhoisinterestedinit maybeitwillmakethisartmorepopular woosaid fromtheartofpapercutting peoplecanknowaboutchineseculturalvalues historyandstoriesofpeople slife mswoousestheartasatooltoshowchineseculturetopeoplewhoknowlittleaboutit chineseartisnotonlyforchinese butalsoforpeopleallovertheworld 6 whatdidmswoodoin2014 a shewonthesecondprizeinanationalpaintingandartcompetition b shewasinvitedtomanyactivitiestoshowpapercutting c sheheldapapercuttingshowatashoppingcenternearwashington d shetookpartinanactivitytopromotechinesepapercutting 7 mswoobegantostudytheartofpapercutting a whenshewasfourteenb aftershegottoamericac whenshewasincolleged aftershefinishedcollege c a 8 inthepassage thewriterthinkstheartofpapercuttingis now a verypopularinamericab verypopularinchinac forpeoplewhoknowaboutitd indangerofdisappearing d 推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型 主要考查学生的理解力和推断力 这类推断通常包括 数据事实推断 常识推断以及作者的写作目的 态度和倾向等的推断 做此类题时 应根据短文中的相关语句 对与事实有关的细节加以分析 找出线索 悟出字里行间的意思 反复比较 从而作出合乎逻辑的判断 猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力 一般情况下 推断词义的题目中所出现的单词 大多数是学生未曾见过的生词 学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索 通过阅读上下文 断定该词的真正含义 然后将这个释义代入文中 检查是否贴切 仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义 例2 2015 武汉 mollyboylanisoneofthemostsuccessfulbusinesswomenincanadaaftersettinguphercosmetic 化妆品 companyblazesin1992 thoughsheisverysuccessful shesaysthatshefindsithardereveryyeartobalance 平衡 herbusinesswithherfamilylife shesometimesfeelsthathertwochildrenknowmoreabouttheirbaby sitterthantheydoabouther mollyemploys 雇佣 aroundeightypeopleinherfactoryandwarehouse andtenothersinhertwonewfashionstores buthernewestemployeeisthemostimportantoneforher afteryearsofworryingaboutherbusinessmorethanherfamily shehasdecidedtomakesallypamontenewgeneralmanagerinhercompany mollywillstillbe involved indecision making andshe sgoingtostayintouchwiththepeoplewhoworkforher butsallyisgoingtolookafterday to dayrunningofthebusinesssothatmollycanspendmoretimewiththekids thenewarrangement 安排 isgoingtostartonmonday andbothofthemarealreadyexcitedaboutit sallysays i mverynervous actually buti msuremollywillhelpmealotintheearlydays eventhoughihopeshefeelsshecantrustmenottomaketoomanymistakes molly ontheotherhand seemsquiterelaxedaboutthewholething iknowthatsally sgoingtobeaverynicemanager shesays she sonlybeenhereacoupleofdaysandshe salreadyshownmehowtoworkoutafewproblemswewerehaving thebestthingthoughisthatifeelahundredtimeshappierthani vebeeninyears imean ihonestlycan trememberthelasttimeifeltasrelaxedasthis andmykidsarereallyexcitedaboutmybeingathomemore tobehonest iwishihadmadethisdecisionyearsago 1 thepassageismainlyabout a mollyandherchildrenb mollyfindinganewmanagerc thebaby sitterandthekidsd mollymakingachangeaboutherbusiness解析 主旨大意题 通读全文可知 文章主要讲述了加拿大的女商人molly对自己的化妆品公司进行改革的故事 故选d 本题难度中等 答案 d 2 theunderlinedphrase beinvolvedin inthepassageprobablymeans a beinterestedinb takepartinc benervousaboutd learnabout解析 词义猜测题 由 she sgoingtostayintouchwiththepeoplewhoworkforher 可知 她还跟公司的员工保持联系 由此可推知 molly还参与公司的管理 故 beinvolvedin 意为 参与 相当于takepartin 故选b 答案 b 3 sallyseemstobeagoodmanagerbecause a shehassetupanewblazesb shekeepsinclosetouchwiththeworkersc shehasbeenabletosolveafewproblemsd shehasbeenworkingforthecompanysince1992解析 细节理解题 由第三段中molly对她的评价 andshe salreadyshownmehowtoworkoutafewproblemswewerehaving 可知 sally可以帮助她处理公司日常遇到的问题 因此 molly认为她是个很好的总经理 故选c 本题难度中等 答案 c 4 accordingtothepassage molly a willnotrunherbusinessanymoreb seemssatisfiedwiththenewarrangementc wasnotpleasedwiththebaby sitterd wassuccessfulbothinherbusinessandherfamily解析 推理判断题 由最后一段中的 thebestthingthoughisthatifeelahundredtimeshappierthani vebeeninyears 可知 molly做出此决定后 感觉比以前高兴百倍 她对自己的安排很满意 故选b 本题难度中等 答案 b 5 thebestthingformollynowisthat a shehasmorethaneightypeopleworkingforherb herkidsknowmoreaboutthebaby sitterc shecanhavemoretimetobewithherkidsd shehasgotanewgeneralmanagerinhercompany解析 细节理解题 由最后一段中的 imean ihonestlycan trememberthelasttimeifeltasrelaxedasthis andmykidsarereallyexcitedaboutmybeingathomemore 可知 对于molly来说 最后的事情是可以有更多的时间来陪孩子 故选c 本题难度中等 答案 c 2015 陕西 astoryhappenedwhenthetelegraph 电报 wasthefastestmethodoflong distancecommunication oneday ayoungmanwenttoaninterviewforajobasamorsecodeoperator 莫尔斯电码报务员 answeringtheadinthenewspaper hewenttotheofficeaddress whenhearrived hewalkedintoalarge busyofficefilledwithnoise includingthesoundofthetele