不规则单复数、动词.doc

不规则动词表、不规则名词复数形式和不规则形容词、副词比较级与最高级 2010-10-22 17:13:34| 分类： 英语学习 | 标签： |字号大中小订阅一、不规则动词表：1.A-A-A型（无变化的动词）cut-cut-cutlet-let-lethit-hit-hitput-put-putcost-cost-costhurt-hurt-hurtread/rid/-readred-readred2.A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）如： beat-beat-beaten3.A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run4.A-B-B型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同）1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t” build-built-builtlend-lent-lentsend-sent-sentspend-spent-spent burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burnedlearn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned mean-meant-meant2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought）buy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtthink-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtcatch-caught-caughtteach-taught-taught3）-eep变-ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词keep-kept-keptsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-sweptleave-left-left say-said-saidmeet-met-metspell-spelt-spelt smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelledhold-held-heldfeel-felt-felt4）其他dig-dug-dug find-found-foundstand-stood-stood understand-understood-understoodget-got-gotsit-sat-sat spoil-spoilt-spoilthave/has-had-hadsell-sold-soldtell-told-toldhang-hanged/hung-hanged/hunghear-heard-heardmake-made-made pay-paid-paidlay-laid-laidlie（说谎）-lied-liedlose-lost-lost shine-shone/shined-shone/shinedwin-won-wonshoot-shot-shot5.A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）sing-sang-sungring-rang-rungbegin-began-begun drink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swumsink-sank-sunk2）在动词原形后加n或en构成过去分词ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾）draw-drew-drawnknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-thrown blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownfly-flew-flown元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾）drive-drove-drivenrise-rose-risenride-rode-ridden write-wrote-writtengive-gave-given其他see-saw-seeneat-ate-eatentake-took-takenfall-fell-fallenfreeze-froze-frozenshow-showed-shownbreak-broke-broken speak-spoke-spokenwake-woke-wokenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgottenlie（躺，放）-lay-lainwear-wore-worn be（am，is，are）-was/were-been（3）其他go-went-gonedo-did-done6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词can-couldmay-mightmust-mustshall-shouldwill-would二、不规则名词复数形式1.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数 （1）加s，如：belief-beliefsroof-roofsgulf-gulfs（2）去f，fe加ves，如： half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveslife-liveswolf-wolves thief-thievesself-selveswife-wivesshelf-shelves歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改f（e）为v，再加es，其他的以f（e）结尾的名词则直接加s变复数。2.以o结尾的名词，变复数（1）加s，如：photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zooskilo-kilos （2）加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroeshero-heroes歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以o结尾的名词加es外，其余的以o结尾的名词加s。3.表示“国家”的名词变复数Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenGerman-GermansRussian-RussiansIndian-Indians Canadian-CanadiansAmerican-Americans 歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。4.以复数形式出现的名词scissors剪刀goods货物trousers/pants/shorts裤子clothes衣服glasses眼镜5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 （2）news是不可数名词。（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数如：man worker-men workers（男工人）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）7.以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。例如：baby-babiescity-citiesstory-storiesparty-partieslady-ladiesdiary-diariesarmy-armiescentury-centuriescopy-copies8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加es，如：church-churches class-classesbox-boxeswatch-watchesspeech-speechesbus-busesbrush-brushesbench-benchesbeach-beachesboss-bosses 9.其他不规则变化man-menwoman-womengoose-geesefoot-feettooth-teeth child-childrenfish-fishdeer-deersheep-sheepmouse-mice fisherman-fishermen歌诀记忆：男人（man）女人（woman）a变e，鹅（goose）足（foot）牙（tooth）oo变ee,孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）不用变。注fish指鱼的种类时，要加上es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。三、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级原级 比较级最高级b