【精品】托福常用同义词总结.doc

【精品】托福常用同义词总结 Winding蜿蜒曲折的savor尽情享受Eloquent有口才的hurly burly喧嚣（名词）Prestigious享有盛誉的exhilarated兴奋的Overwhelmed震撼的ponent组成部分Come intocontact with接触Provide anavenue for提供途径Sportsmanship运动精神mandatory必修的Etiquette礼节perception理解习惯(be/bee/get)austomed to习惯于get usedto习惯于habituated to习惯make ahabit ofsth./doing sth.使.形成一种习惯be usedto doing sth.习惯于许多,大量,富于a(great/wide)range of广泛的;许多的a cloudof一大群;一大片a crowdof许多;一大群a good/great deal(of)许多,大量a greatmany许多a heapof一大堆a hostof一大群;许多a largeamount&large amountsof许多,大量a multitudeof一大批;大量a myriad of大量的,无数的a numberof许多;一些a pileof一堆;很多a wealthof丰富的,大量的A aboundin充满,富于all kindsof许多;大量(金钱)an arrayof显眼的一系列;整齐的一大批;大量be abundantin富于,丰富by thedozens数目很多地;大量地for themost part主要地;大多数情况下have(sth.)to spare有多余的.head andshoulders above大大超出,水平高很多in abundance大量地in quantity大量地,大批地on alarge scale大批量;大规模plenty of丰富,大量quite abit/few/little/lot相当多,有相当多的数目rich insth.富于.safety innumbers人多保险,势众scores of许多teem with有很多.,充满.the majorityof大多数varied fare多样化的饮食well attended参加的人多各种a(great/wide)variety of种种,各种all sortsof各种各样的of sorts不怎样的;各种各样的缺乏,稀少absent from缺席;不在defect in.的缺点;有.缺陷empty of缺乏,无in theabsnece of缺少,缺乏lacking in缺乏leave out遗漏,缺漏;排除low in贫乏的much less更不用说;更少;不及not nearly相差很远,远远少于one in a million非常稀罕的东西;百里挑一的东西out ofstock没有库存,缺货rare breed凤毛麟角,稀罕,难得short ofsth.不足;缺乏without furtherado言归正传,闲话少说一点a biteto eat(随便吃的)一点儿东西,一口a grainof truth一点儿可信的东西;一丝真理by inches一点一点地far from一点儿也不;根本不是Ill say.一点也没错.in noway决不,一点也不not at all一点儿也不;没关系,别客气You cansay thatagain!&You saidit!一点没错,说得对极了!至多at best充其量,至多at most&at themost最多,充其量(不超过)至少at least1.最低限度;至少2.起码增add sth.to sth.增加,添加build up积累;增长more andmore越来越多pile up堆积;增多,积累scale up按比例增加,相应提高speed up使加速,增加速度step up使增加;使加快减cut backon削减,缩减cut corners节省开支;节省气力cut down1.砍倒(树木),砍伐2.减少.的量;缩减deduct from从.中扣除;从.中减去die away(风、声音)逐渐消失;减少或减弱fade away逐渐凋谢;(声音)慢慢减弱,逐渐消失let up减小,渐渐停止lose weight体重减轻;减肥reduce to变少;使处于,使成为(某种情况或状态)slow down减速,慢下来;松弛突然,突发a fitof突发一阵,阵发break away(from)突然离开,脱离;放弃(传统等)break off折断;突然中断或停止break out爆发;突然发生burst out突然说出;突然(哭、笑、叫)起来cross ones mind突然想起;突然从脑海中掠过,想起来jump outat突然出现;一下子吸引住on shortnotice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间)pop up突然出现spring up突然出现;迅速生长突破break out of突破,摆脱break throughsth.突围;取得突破性进展by leapsand bounds迅速地,突飞猛进地冲突collide with与.相碰撞;与.冲突conflict with倾轧,冲突爱;喜欢a standingovation起立欢呼acquire ataste forsth.对.有兴趣,开始喜欢attach to1.依附在.上;系在.上2.依恋;喜爱3.认为.有重要性be fondof喜欢;偏爱care for1.照顾,照看2.喜欢,喜爱catch on1.理解,领会2.逐渐流行,逐渐受欢迎do ones thing做拿手的并且喜欢做的事endear to(使)受到喜爱enthusiasm for热衷;热爱fall inlove with爱上.;喜欢上.keen on喜爱;热衷于love affair恋爱;风流韵事make sb.wele表示欢迎prefer to1.宁愿.,更喜爱2.喜爱A甚于B;选择A而不选择B takecare of1.负责,处理2.照顾,照应;爱护恨;厌恶abhorrent to厌恶allergic to对.极厌恶;对.过敏averse to讨厌.be/get tiredof厌倦.disapprove of不赞同,不喜欢fed upwith对.感到厌烦;腻了go againstthe grain不合(某人)(性情、意愿等);令人讨厌或不高兴grudge against怨恨.sick of.对.厌烦,厌倦think littleof不喜欢,认为不好以前,刚才a whileback不久以前,刚才at birth刚出生at oime1.曾经,一度2.每次,一次emerge from从.出来,出现;曾经一度遭到.just now刚才the otherday前几天,最近现在,迄今as yet迄今为止at present现在,目前by far到目前为止;最even now即使在现在ever since从那时起一直到现在for themoment暂时;目前for thetime being暂时,眼下not yet尚未(到目前为止某事没有发生)on thespot在现场,当场;立即so far迄今为止;到目前为止to date到目前为止,迄今马上,立刻at once马上,立刻in ahurry匆忙;立即,很快地in alittle while不久,立刻in amoment立即,立刻in notime马上,立即jump at急忙接受;立即抓住no sooner.than一.就.;马上,立即right away立即,马上以后,将来about to正要,即将after hours办公(营业)时间以后before long不久以后;很快by andby不久以后,过一段时间;逐渐地from nowon今后;从现在起in thenear future在不远的将来look beyond朝比.更远的地方看;考虑.以后(更大)的问题在.时候as longas1.既然;在.的时候(指时间)2.只要(指条件)atatime在某个时刻;每次at alltimes一直,在任何时候at anytime/moment在任何时候,随时at theheight ofsth.在.的最鼎盛时at thepeak of在.高峰期;(在事业)登峰造极之时by thetime到.的时候cram for死记硬背;临时抱佛脚in duetime&in time及时地,在适当的时候in surgery正在做手术in theact of doing sth.做.时in themeantime在.期间;同时in themiddle ofdoingsth.正在做某事Its hightime是.的时候了just as1.正像,正如2.正当.的时候on ones owntime自己的时间;非工作时间on shortnotice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间)order of the day某一时间内必须做或通常做的事under warranty在保修期内.时间或时期at maturity(动物)成熟期baby boom生育高峰时期reproductive cycle繁殖周期rush hour交通高峰时间spare time业余时间time off空闲时间时代from generationto generation世代相传Ice Age冰川期,冰河时代keep upwith thetimes跟上时代过时behind thetime/times落伍,过时out ofdate过时及时,准时in duetime&in time及时地,在适当的时候in season当令,应季;及时on schedule按照预定时间,准时on thedot准时;正点on time按时,准时right ontime及时,准时时常,偶尔at intervals1.到处2.时常;每隔.时间at times有时,不时every once in a while偶尔every now and then有时;时时every sooften偶尔,有时from timeto time时常,有时more oftenthan not通常;时常nowandthen时而,不时off andon&on andoff断断续续地,不时地on oasion间或,有时onceinawhile&every onceinawhile偶尔随时be atones service随时提供服务,随时效劳同时at thesame time1.同时2.然而,不过coincide with(在空间、时间方面)巧合;同时发生;与.一致in themeantime在.期间;同时熬夜be up&stay up熬夜,晚睡burn themidnight oil熬夜用功;开夜车make anight ofit熬夜,工作或玩一整夜stay up不睡觉,熬夜首先,初始above all首先;最重要的是ahead of领先;在.前面at first起先at theoutset最初,开始begin with以.开始;首先first andforemost首要地,首先first ofall首先,第一for ohing首先;一则(用以引出某事的理由)in thefirst place最初;首先second tonone首屈一指lead off开始,开头;率先最后,终究after all1.到底,终究2.毕竟as itturn(s)out最终证明为at last终于,最后at theend ofthe day最终,考虑所有情况之后once andfor all最后一次;干脆自始至终all along自始至终;从头到尾consist in.是始终如一的from startto finish自始至终开始acquire ataste forsth.对.有兴趣,开始喜欢e from开始于.;起源于.;出生于.esintoseffect开始生效,开始实行e on(劝说等)来吧;开始get busy开始工作get cracking开始;(尤指)大干起来get downto开始认真做.get going开始,着手get offon thewrong foot开始就不顺利;一开始就犯了个错误get offthe ground(指活动、事业等)顺利开始get set准备好开始get theball rolling开始某种活动,开始get towork(on)开始工作;开始做.go ahead先请;请开始吧;继续go off爆炸;(闹钟、雷)开始响起来start out开始时打算,本来想要;动身take up1.开始从事2.提出3.接纳,吸收结束,完成all over1.全部结束;完蛋be finishedwith完成bring an end to.&bring.to an end使.终止bring off救出;圆满完成e out1.出版,刊出2.结束;结果是e toan end告终,结束;完结culminate in达到高潮,顶点;以.告终dash off迅速写(或画);迅速完成draw toa close结束,终结drink up喝干净,喝完end in结束于,以.告终end up1.结束,停止2.到达某处或某种状态,结果,到头来finish up彻底完成,结束get(sth.)over with结束(不愉快的事)get out oftheway解决,完成;除去get over1.从(疾病、震惊等)中恢复过来2.做完,结束(不愉快但必须做的事)get through1.读(写、做)完2.打通电话go/be throughwith结束;完成go through1.穿过2.完成;用光,耗尽各处,到处put anend to停止,结束;摧毁run out(of)用完,没有了;耗尽run outof time用完全部时间,没有时间了rush through快速地做,匆忙完成turn in交,缴(完成的工作)wind up1.以.为结尾,落得.的结果2.结束,完成wrap up完成(任务),(圆满)结形容词合适的:suitable/advisable/sound/tem perate/rational/preferable/reliable/fitting/m odest/m oderate精致的:elegant/delicate/elaborate美好的:gorgeous/glorious/splendid/adm irable/breathtaking/im pressive/spectacular/superb杰出的:outstanding/distinguished/em inent/excellent/suprem e/extraordinary/prom inent/m atchless/forem ost著名的:fam ous/illustrious/celebrated/notable聪明的:intelligent/wise/ingenious/sensible/sm art/clever/knowledgeable/capable大的:im mense/huge/spacious/prodigious/m assive/enorm ous/vast/trem endous/expansive/m ightily小的:slight/tiny/m icroscopic/sm all/dim inutive/m inuscule重要的:im portant/significant/pivotal/superb/m omentous/vital/prim ary/essential/principal/leading/m ajor/dom inant/predom inant/fateful最好的:optim um/prem ium基本的:underlying/elem entary/fundam ental/essential/cardinal不足的:insufficient/scanty/m eager/needy/poor/scarce/devoid/em pty/lacking充足的:fraught/sufficient/enough/adequate/abundant过多的:excessive/redundant/overabundant/inordinate特殊的:unique/m atchless/unrivaled/extraordinary/special奇怪的:odd/bizarre/quaint/weird/queer相似的:sim ilar/approxim ate/proxim ate/hom ogeneous/identical/equal/equivalent/coordinate无效的:null/invalid/void有效的:valid/effective/高兴的:delightful/happy/hilarious/exultant/gleeful/joyous/exalted/blessed/pleasing/am using名词成就,成功:suess/triumph/victory/aomplishment/achievement/fruition/consummation/attainments失败:failure/be defeated/a caseof crabs观点:point ofview/standpoint/viewpoint/frame ofreference/theory财产:treasure/profit/fortune/moneybag/wealth/belongings/estate/possessions/property/riches/worth好处:advantage/positive side/benefit/gain/good/stead优点:excellence/merit/strongpoint/virtue缺点:bug/disfigurement/limitation/objection/vice/lacuna/defect发展:development/evolution/progress/grow普及:popularization/prevalence出现:emergence情况:circumstance/condition原因:causation/cause/matter/reason影响:influence/impact动词提供:provide/supply/furnish/give/render/aommodate思考:consider/speculate/ponder/think建议:propose/suggest/advance/mention/remend/advise/offer吸引:engross/absorb/draw/attract/intoxicate/lure/entice/tempt揭示:reveal/exhibit/expose/disclose/unveil/show/transpire/indicate/denote解释:understand/prehend说明:illuminate/clarify/illustrate/exemplify/explain/elaborate暗示:imply/allude/insinuate开始:start/emerge/launch/start/begin/mence/initiate带来,引起:generate/produce/give riseto/engender停止:stop/cease/halt/terminate/end/finish/conclude赞同:agree with/applaud/approve/go alongwith反对:oppose/argue against/bat副词非常:very/extraordinarily/highly/in theextreme/extremely/largely/quite/awfully/considerably/greatly明显的:clearly/obviously/distinctly/evidently/markedly/visibly表连接后来:afterward/consequentially/then最后:finally/eventually/lastly/in theend/ultimately/at length因此:therefore/thus/consequently/in result/hence/as aresult然而:however/nevertheless/whereas abundantplentiful丰富的丰富的aelerateincrease加速增加aessiblereachable可到达的可到达的aordinglyfor thatreason因此因此aount forexplain说明aumulatecollect积聚收集acuteintense急性的剧烈的adherestick粘附粘附adjunctaddition辅助附加adorndecorate装饰装饰adversenegative相反的负面的advocateproponent提倡者支持者aestheticalartistic审美的艺术的astoundsurprise令人极为惊讶的令人惊讶attachment(to)preference(for)喜爱喜爱attainachieve获得获得attendantaompanying伴随的伴随的attireclothing衣服衣服attributecharacteristic特征aviationnavigation航空航空barreninfertile贫瘠的贫瘠的biasprejudice偏见偏见bizarreodd奇异的奇怪的boostraise促进提高boundlimit限制限制break(with)departure(from)与相分离与相分离bring aboutcause导致导致calculatedetermine计划决定carrysupport支撑支撑cast offget ridof丢弃抛弃ceasestop终止停止celestialastronomical天上的天文的chanceunplanned偶然的未计划的characterizeddistinguished具有特色的杰出的classifycategorize分类分类coarserough粗糙粗糙cohesionunity凝聚结合，统一coincreate创造，杜撰创造collectivelytogether共同的一起parablysimilarly类似同样地pileput together收集收集posecreate创作创作，创造priseconsist of由组成由组成concealhide隐藏隐藏concentratecluster集中集中conclusivedefinitive最后的，结论性的最后的，确定性的conitant within conjunctionwith与相一致与相一致condonemercy宽恕宽恕confinedlimited被限制的限制的conflictopposition冲突相反conjecturalbased onguessing推测的给予猜测的consciouslyon purpose有意识地有目的地conserveretain保存保存considerablegreat（数量、程度）巨大的巨大的considerablemuch大量的大量的，坚实的considerablesubstantial大量的大量的，坚实的consortassociate合伙人，伴侣合伙人，伙伴conspicuousnoticeable明显的明显的constituentponent组成部分成分constitutemake up构成构成consultcounsel商量商量consumptioneating消费吃contemporaryexisting当代的现存的counteractnegate抵消取消，否定counterpartversion副本版本crucialessential重要的，关键的重要的，基本的cumbersomeburdensome麻烦的麻烦的customaryusual习俗的一般的dampenmoisten使潮湿使潮湿daringbold大胆的大胆的deftskilled灵巧的熟练的deliberatecareful深思熟虑的小心的demandorder要求命令demonstrateshow证明显示densethick密集的稠密的depresslower降低降低depressedsaddened沮丧的悲伤的，沮丧的deriveobtain取得，获得获得detectdiscover thepresence of发现发现的存在detectablemeasurable可察觉的，可测出的可测量的detectablesizable可察觉的，可测出的巨大的devastateruin损坏毁灭devotededicate投身致力dictatedetermine规定确定diffusetravel扩散传播dirtsoil土壤土壤disastercatastrophe灾祸大灾祸discreetcareful谨慎的小心的discreteseparate离散的分离的disputeargument争论争论disseminatespread/impart/inform传播散布/传播/传播distinctdifferent截然不同的不同的distinctobvious明显的明显的distinctseparate分别的，截然不同的分离的distinctiondifference区别差别distinguisheddifferentiated不同的不同的，有区别的divergencedifference分歧不同dogmabelief/doctrine教条信仰/教条domainfield范围，领域土地，领域dominatebe prevalentin占优势占优势dramaticstriking引人注目的引人注目的drasticradical猛烈的根本的drasticsevere激烈的猛烈的drawattract吸引吸引durablelasting耐久的持久的durableendurable耐久的持久的dwellinghouse住宅房子eagerly anticipatelook forwardto热切地期望盼望elaboratedetailed详尽的，精巧的详细的，精细的embedencase植入包裹embracewele（欣然）接受欢迎embracerecipient接受者接受者，收件人emergeappear出现出现emitgive off发射发射employhire雇用雇用enableallow使能够允许enablehelp使能够帮助enactperform制定法律，扮演角色扮演角色endgoal目的目的entirewhole全部的全部的entityobject实体物体entombtrap埋葬使陷于之中eradicateeliminate根除清除essentialfundamental基本的基本的evidenceindicate表明指出exaltedsuperior高贵的出众的exceedsurpass超越超过executecreate（按计划和设计）做成，制成创造exertapply施加施行exorbitantexpensive昂贵的，昂贵的expedientmakeshift权宜之计权宜之计exponential leapsrapid increases几何级数般的跳跃快速增加exposeuncover揭露揭露exposed tosubject to暴露于使经受，使遭受extendincrease延长增加，扩大extendstretch延伸伸展extolpraise赞美赞扬extractremove提取，去掉清除factionside帮派一方fade(from)disappear(from)淡出消失fashioncreate制作创造fataldeadly致命的致命的feedput填入放入fineminute细小的微小的first rankhighest quality顶级的最高档次的fixturemonplace object固定设备常规物体flatterpliment奉承赞美foragefeed喂草料喂食forward-lookingprogressive有远见的进步的framepose给设框使摆好姿势fundamentalbasic基本的基本的fusebine融合联合gapopening裂缝裂缝give waytoturn into被所替代转变为glowshine发光发光hardfirm坚硬的坚硬的hemisphereside半球一侧heraldannounce预示，宣布预示，宣布homogeneousuniform同源的一致的imitatecopy模仿复制immunityprotection免疫保护implementtool工具工具implicationsignificance内涵含义，意义imposedemand强加（要求）要求in placeofinstead of代替代替inadequatedeficient不充分的缺乏的，不足够的incisecarve切割雕刻inclinationpreference爱好，倾向爱好inducecause导致导致inevitableineluctable不可避免的不可避免的influxarrival流入到达ingota blockof metal金属锭一块金属inhibithinder阻止妨碍initiallyat first最初第一initiatebegin创立开始instancecase案例案例instantaneousimmediate立杆见影的立即的integralessential整体的，构成整天所必需的基本的，必需的intenseextreme强烈的极端的interchangeableequivalent可替换的等值的interventioninfluence干涉影响intricateplex复杂的复杂的invitingattractive吸引人的吸引人的joltshock使震惊使震惊lamentplain about令人对感到遗憾抱怨lureattract引诱吸引magnifyincrease扩大提高magnifyintensify扩大加强magnitudeextent量值，大小范围maintainpreserve/keep维持保持/保持majorprincipal主要的主要的maneuvertrick策略，花招诡计marginedge边缘边缘markedpronounced明显的明显的meticulouscareful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的小心的milestonesignificant development里程碑重大的发展minusculetiny微小的微小的minutetiny微小的微小的modifychange改变改变monopolizedominate垄断支配moreoverfurthermore进一步说进一步说mundaneordinary世俗的平常的myriadofmany无数的许多的neverthelesshowever然而然而novelinnovative新颖的创新的noxiousharmful有害的有害的obtainacquire得到获得obtainget获得得到outbreakbeginning爆发开始outlinesummarization概要概述outstandingexcellent出类拔萃的很好的peakmaximum顶峰最大值peculiardistinctive独特的独特的peratego through穿过穿过persistcontinue坚持持续pertinentrelevant相关的相关的phenomenonevent现象事件pick upfollow沿着沿着pictureimagine/describe想象，描写想象/描写pithole深坑洞pondermeditate沉思沉思ponderousheavy笨重的沉重的porehole孔洞positionlocation位置位置potentialpossible潜在的可能的preferfavor倾向，喜欢喜欢preoupationinvolvement全神贯注preside overmanage掌管掌管prevailingmost frequent主要的最经常的preventavoid阻止避免primaryfundamental基础的基本的，基础的principalmain主要的主要的prior topreceding在之前前面的prominentdistinguished卓越的杰出的prominentprestigious卓越的著名的propertycharacteristic特性特点proponentsupporter支持者支持者prospectpossibility前景可能性protrudeproject突出突出puncturepierce刺破刺破rapidswift快速的迅速的rareinfrequent希罕的不经常的ratherinstead相反相反readilyeasily容易地容易地realizationawareness认识到认识到reapgain收获获得recklessirresponsible不负责任的refreshingunusual给人新鲜感的不同寻常的relateconnect与有关与有关reliancedependence依靠依靠remarkableextraordinary非凡的非凡的restrictedlimited受限制的受限制的revisechange修改改变richabundant丰富的丰富的robuststrong强壮的强壮的roll backreduce把压到标准水平降低，减少rotatealternate旋转交替rotateturn旋转旋转roughlyapproximately大约大概rudimentaryundeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的尚未发展完备的ruptureburst爆裂爆裂sanitationhealth卫生卫生scaleclimb攀登攀登scoperange范围范围secureacquire弄到，获得获得securesafe安全的安全的setestablish设置建立settlelocate定居坐落shieldprotect保护保护shy awayfromavoid躲避躲避simultaneoussynchronous同时的同时的sincebecause因为因为sitelocation地点位置skepticismdoubt怀疑怀疑skilledexpert熟练的熟练的skyrocketincrease rapidly快速上升迅速增加smothereliminate窒息清楚snapbreak断裂断裂soleonly唯一的唯一的solemnserious严肃的严肃的someapproximately大约大概sort outseparate区分分离sparkbring(about)/usher(in)引起，开始引起/开始spawncreate引起，大量生产创造speculatehypothesize推测假设spotidentify发现确定，鉴别staggeringoverwhelming令人惊愕的压倒性的staplebasic element主要部分基本组成部分stationaryfixed静止的固定的stimulateencourage刺激激励storytale故事故事strategyscam/trick诡计诡计/诡计strengthbasis力量的源泉基础stressemphasize强调强调stringentstrict严格的严格的strugglepetition挣扎竞争subject tosusceptible to易受的易受的subsidizefinance资助资助substantiateverify证实证实subtleslight精巧微妙的细微的suinctconcise/terse简短的简明的/简短的sufficientadequate充足的充足的sumptuousluxurious奢侈的奢侈的supplementextension补充扩展，延伸supporthold/uphold支持支撑/支持supposedseeming假定的表面上的supremacydominance至高无上优势suprememost outstanding至高无上的最出类拔萃的surgeaelerate汹涌进行加速发展suspendhang悬挂悬挂symmetricalproportionally balanced对称的比例平衡的tangletwist/jumble纠缠缠绕、使混乱temptingattractive吸引人的吸引人的thankfulgrateful感谢感激traceimprint痕迹印记trendtendency倾向趋向unadorneddisorganized未修饰的混乱的undergoexperience经历经历uniformintegrate统一整合uniqueparticular独一无二的独特的unraveldiscover弄清发现usher inbegin开始开始varydiffer改变与不同vastlarge宽广的，巨大的巨大的vibrateconvulse震动震动vigilantalert警惕的警惕的virtuallyactually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）实际上（几乎）/实际上（几乎）/几乎witnessobserve目击观察yieldprovide产生提供从无到有开始Begin,start,begin with,spring,start up,set offon,break out,strike up,originate from,;Initiate,launch,originate,sprout;unfold;unleash outset,onset,Rudimentary,elementary,出现Appear,appear tobe,emerge,arise,loom,turn out,show up, out,e intosight/view,e forth发生Happen,our,take place,e about,Happening ourrence产生,创造create,produce,bring about,yield,give birthto,bear,bring intobeing,generate,beget，germinate;Invent,innovate,renovate,plan,design,imagine,conceive,devise,formulate,imagine,envision,建立Found,set,built up,construct,institute,constitute,set up,establish制造,组成Make,make up,produce,construct,turn out,manufacture,form,shape,pose,pile,concoct,fabricate生长壮大复制,繁殖58Copy,duplicate,reproduce,multiply.发育，发展Grow,develop,breed,bring up,nurture,cultivate,hone,raise,foster,(主动)Develop,advance,progress,move forward,go forward,proceed（自我成长）Burgeon,flourish,thrive,bloom,blossom,boom,prosper;保持，延续Continue,last,carry on,keep on,keep,remain maintainretain Perpetuate,Persevere,stick with,insist on,persist in,Continuous,incessant,permanent,constant,steady,unbroken,perpetual,everlasting,eternal,lasting,unending,uninterrupted,undying,immortal,invariable,存在,生存Exist，found,stand,lay in,be rootedin，be embeddedin,Substance,matter,object,material,stuff,things,entity,individual,creature,beings,Topic,subject,issue,theme,gist,item,content,point,Extant,existing,in existence,substantive,ubi