智能交通灯控制器的设计开题报告

forming the Government, enterprises and the public forces and actively participate in, sharing a strong atmosphere. Comrades, do work in the countryside and five water treatment, three to split, is related to overall development, responsibility, task, departments at all levels must play more than spirit, do solid work, and difficult, and efforts to promote the work to a new level, South Gate of XX beauty to make new and greater contribution to the building! Research by the County, the County Government, the convening of this county, three, poverty and development, environmental protection, the main task is to 2016-these work arrangements. For a while, . . Gay also made an important speech, we must pay special attention to follow-up. The following, according to the citys plans and . . Comrade usual requirements of our work, I want to tell you three views: the first, on three last year, my County three has made certain achievements. Capital work is done using city funds . . Billion yuan, annual tasks . .%; only completion target . . Minutes, annual tasks . . rate, access to city-wide recruitment talent introduction . . Award recognized scientific and technological achievements . . , Cooperation of . . Innovation platforms . . Also complete tasks in the city. The overall three column in the city . . Name, did not enter the city in recognition of the results of this. This means we and other counties than there is room to continue the efforts. From each town in the County Street, allocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of three to split. (A) fully grasp no unauthorised created. The township no unauthorised created the existing building one household, one document survey and file storage work must be unconditional and full coverage. Main corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a no unauthorised village. According to five hundred villages created and shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files, the real no unauthorised village created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. Promoting the new control work to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthorised network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression, demolition work to ensure that the new zero tolerance. Second, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective fulfilment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation , building demolition, modification, use combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is. To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to three to split and five hundred and five water treatment, three of the four sides, the shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and two road sides, series work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residential demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put three modified a split as traditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effective optimization park environment理工学院毕业设计开题报告题 目： 智能交通灯控制器的设计 学生姓名： 乔志龙 学 号： 09L 专 业： 自动化 指导教师： 王志宏（讲师） 2013年3月22日开题报告填写要求1开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效；2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印，禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见；3“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于10篇（不包括辞典、手册）；4有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2010年2月26日”或“2010-02-26”。所有进场钢材，挂有标牌，牌上印有厂标、钢号、炉罐（批）号、直径等标记并附有质量证明书；无质量证明书，不得入库；经检验合格后物资设备部方可收货，如发现不合格钢材，不得验收入库。合格钢材应分批验收入库。forming the Government, enterprises and the public forces and actively participate in, sharing a strong atmosphere. Comrades, do work in the countryside and five water treatment, three to split, is related to overall development, responsibility, task, departments at all levels must play more than spirit, do solid work, and difficult, and efforts to promote the work to a new level, South Gate of XX beauty to make new and greater contribution to the building! Research by the County, the County Government, the convening of this county, three, poverty and development, environmental protection, the main task is to 2016-these work arrangements. For a while, . . Gay also made an important speech, we must pay special attention to follow-up. The following, according to the citys plans and . . Comrade usual requirements of our work, I want to tell you three views: the first, on three last year, my County three has made certain achievements. Capital work is done using city funds . . Billion yuan, annual tasks . .%; only completion target . . Minutes, annual tasks . . rate, access to city-wide recruitment talent introduction . . Award recognized scientific and technological achievements . . , Cooperation of . . Innovation platforms . . Also complete tasks in the city. The overall three column in the city . . Name, did not enter the city in recognition of the results of this. This means we and other counties than there is room to continue the efforts. From each town in the County Street, alland improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environment improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. Five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. Third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to strengthen responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. All localities and departments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this years objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. First, we must strengthen the leadership to implement. Departments at all levels should always work and rural five water treatment, three to split in an important position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarchical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to implementation. County nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is long, Sheriff Inspector to effectively fulfill their responsibilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. Second, we must strengthen the test implementation of the Governor. Role play the Governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and five water treatment, three to split work, refine improve assessment methods and evaluation system, accurate assessment. Combined with dare play, tree benchmark style building five major operations, carry on and gain firsthand experience of supervision, in particular, to strengthen the focus on the long signs go left, names such as supervision, urged all levels longer on duty in place. Through the supervisory assessment, to promote habits, stimulating power. Third, we must strengthen implementation style. Departments at all levels to work in rural areas and five water treatment, three to split as training cadres for major platforms, compete against large examination room, inspection cadres work performance of the ring, water control and the Japanese pulled a workout, training, discovery and selection of cadres. Than good catch up, first to excellence-oriented. Party members and cadres at all levels must adhere to the rural, water control and the Japanese pulled a grass-roots, put down the shelf, leaned pragmatic style, the spirit of play, become a benchmark model. Four, we must strengthen propaganda implementation. Comprehensive utilization of micro-credit, micro-blogging, new media, mining, summarizing, good publicity work in the countryside and five water treatment, three to split advanced models, point to gather positive energy for the community to see the results of our work in time, increase public awareness, participation rates, satisfaction and support. Play gongqingfu, a mass organization and grass-roots such as schools, communityThe role of毕业设计开题报告1文献综述1.1 本课题的意义自从1858年英国人，发明了原始的机械扳手交通灯之后，随后的一百多年里，交通灯改变了交通路况，也在人们日常生活中占据了重要地位，随着人们社会活动日益增加，经济发展，汽车数量急剧增加，城市道路日渐拥挤，交通灯更加显示出了它的功能，使得交通得到有效管制，对于交通疏导，提高道路导通能力，减少交通事故有显著的效果1。高效的交通灯智能控制系统是解决城市交通问题的关键。随着经济的快速发展，城市中的车辆逐渐增多，交通拥挤和堵塞现象日趋严重，引起交通事故频发、环境污染加剧等一系列问题。本设计与普通的交通信号控制系统相比，其优点是可根据路口情况的不同，对交通灯进行差异化控制，从而达到使道路更为通畅的目的，最大限度的缓解交通拥挤情况2。1.2 国内外发展状况在今天，红绿灯安装在各个道口上，已经成为疏导交通车辆最常见和最有效的手段。但这一技术在19世纪就已出现了。1858年，在英国伦敦主要街头安装了以燃煤气为光源的红，蓝两色的机械扳手式信号灯，用以指挥马车通行。这是世界上最早的交通信号灯。1868年，英国机械工程师纳伊特在伦敦威斯敏斯特区的议会大厦前的广场上，安装了世界上最早的煤气红绿灯。它由红绿两色旋转式方形玻璃提灯组成，红色表示“停止”，绿色表示“注意”。1869年1月2日，煤气灯爆炸，使警察受伤，遂被取消。1914年，电气启动的红绿灯出现在美国。这种红绿灯由红绿黄三色圆形的投光器组成，安装在纽约市5号大街的一座高塔上。红灯亮表示“停止”，绿灯亮表示“通行”。而中国最早的马路交通灯却是诞生于1928年的上海英租界。从最早的手牵皮带到20世纪50年代的电气控制,从采用计算机控制到现代化的电子定时监控，交通信号灯在科学化、自动化上不断地更新、发展和完善。但是，随着社会的不断进步，传统的交通灯的缺陷也日益出现，其中设计过于死板，达不到道路的最大通行效率是最明显的问题，红绿灯交替变换时间过于程式化【3】。国内应用和研究城市交通控制系统的工作起步较晚，20世纪80年代以来，国家一方面进行以改善城市市中心交通为核心的UTSM(urban traffic system manage)技术研究；另一方面采取引进与开发相结合的方针，建立了一些城市道路交通控制系统。以北京、上海为代表的大城市，交通控制系统主要是简易单点信号机、SCOOT系统、TRANSYT系统和SCATS系统其中几个结合使用；而如湘潭、岳阳等国内中小城市，交通控制系统主要还是使用国产的简易单点信号机和集中协调式信号机。这些信号系统虽然取得了较好的效果，但我国实际情况决定了需要对这些系统进行改进4。国内的交通灯一般设在十字路门，在醒目位置用红、绿、黄三种颜色的指示灯。加上一个倒计时的显示计时器来控制行车。对于一般情况下的安全行车，车辆分流尚能发挥作用，但根据实际行车过程中出现的情况，还存在以下缺点：1两车道的车辆轮流放行时间相同且固定， 在十字路口，经常一个车道为主干道，车辆较多，放行时间应该长些；另一车道为副干道，车辆较少，放行时间应该短些。2没有考虑紧急车通过时，两车道应采取的措施，臂如，消防车执行紧急任务通过时，两车道的车都应停止，让紧急车通过。基于传统交通灯控制系统设计过于死板，红绿灯交替是间过于程式化的缺点，智能交通灯控制系统的设计就更显示出了它的研究意义，它能根据道路交通拥护，交叉路口经常出现拥堵的情况。利用单片机控制技术提出了软件和硬件设计方案，能够实现道路的最大通行效率【7】。近年来，随着科技的飞速发展，电子器件也随之广泛应用，其中单片机也不断深入人民的生活当中，实现了通过信号灯对路面状况的智能控制。从一定程度上解决了交通路口堵塞、车辆停车等待时间不合理、急车强通等问题。系统具有结构简单、可靠性高、成本低、实时性好、安装维护方便等优点，有广泛的应用前景。1.3发展趋势随着我国经济的高速发展，人们对各种交通车辆的需求量不断增大，城市的交通拥护问题日益严重，目前，大部分城市的十字路口的交通控制灯，通常的做法是：事先经过车辆流量的调查，利用传统的方法设计好红绿灯的延时，然而，实际上的车流量是不断变化的，有的路口在不同的时间段车流量的大小甚至有很大的差异，所以说，统计的方法己不能适应迅速发展的交通现状。 （1)需要完善信号控制。现有的单点信号控制系统一般只能实现两相位控制，存在一定的局限性。而实际中，如果根据交叉路口的情况，适当采用多相位控制、变相序控制，可减少交叉路口的交通冲突，提高交通的安全性8。 （2)需要合理解决混合交通流问题。现有信号控制系统对自行车流大多是与机动车同时开始，容易造成交通流冲突。因此，需要设计一种信号系统能对各个相位包括对自行车流单独进行控制6。 （3)实现区域网络协调控制。目前，虽然在我国的几个大城市，引进或研制了具有区域控制功能的集中式计算机控制系统，但对于中小城市来说，建立这样庞大的系统一方面代价高昂，另一方面实际利用效率不高。为了解决这一情况，在国内的中小城市应大量推广小型区域网络协调控制信号系统【9】。 （4）对于小型的路口，应研制并设计能够对交通流量进行监测得交通信号灯系统。智能交通灯不仅保持了传统交通灯结构简单，操作方便，运行可靠等特性，而且采用单片机控制，可根据车流量大小自行改变交通灯时间长短，以达到不同时期对道路交通灯的不同要求，还具有紧急控制开关，应对各种突发事件，制造成本降低，维护性和可靠性提高。因此，智能交通灯可以首先在全国一二级城市运用，凭借其优良的性能，将来可以全国推广，为中国道路安全及道路建设提供保障【10】。参考文献 1 陈大钦. 电子技术基础实验.北京：高等教育出版社,20042 陈梓城.电子技术实训.北京：机械工业出版社, 20033 吴黎明.单片机原理及应用技术.北京：科学出版社, 20034 石松泉，盖累夫.智能交通路口控制器的设计.计算机工程与应用，2004(3)：15185 杨文臣,张轮,何兆成.城市单路口交通信号两级模糊优化控制与仿真.中山大学学报(自然科学版)，2012(6)：41476 陈吹信,蔡嘉弘.智能交通灯控制系统.中国新技术新产品，2011(18)； 337 何玲,吴恒玉,唐民丽.基于单片机的智能交通灯控制系统的研究与设计.电子设计工程，2011(22)：1441468 王志.智能交通信号灯控制器.创新科技，2007(10)：629 R.Kenjo and S.Nagamori.Permanent magnet and brushless,DC motors Tokyo:Sogo.1984,9610 Jong Sun Ko.A robust.Digital position control of brushless DC motor with dead beat load torque observer.IEEE transaction on industrial electronics.1993 vol.40 2 本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段及途径 2.1 课题要解决的问题及要实现的功能本设计的目的在于设计出一个具有实用价值、性价比较高的智能交通灯控制系统。该系统性能较好，且稳定性高，可实现十字路口城乡交通自动控制和紧急情况下能够手动切换信号灯让特殊车辆优先通行。设计一种以AT89C51单片机为核心芯片，并外加输入和输出电路，由四部分组成：车检测电路，信号灯电路，时间显示电路，紧急切换开关。在此交通灯系统中设计出最佳的检测车流量大小的硬件电路，并对其主要部分进行详细分析，完成主电路和控制电路的设计，并对智能交通灯的运行过程中存在的问题进行分析，从而有效的解决问题。 智能的交通信号灯指挥着人和各种车辆的安全运行,实现红、黄、绿灯的自动指挥是城乡交通管理现代化的重要课题.在城乡街道的十字交叉路口,为了保证交通秩序和行人安全,一般在每条道路上各有一组红、黄、绿交通信号灯,其中红灯亮,表示该条道路禁止通行; 黄灯亮,表示该条道路上未过停车线的车辆停止通行,已过停车线的车辆继续通行; 绿灯亮,表示该条道路允许通行.交通灯控制电路自动控制十字路口两组红、黄、绿交通灯的状态转换,指挥各种车辆和行人安全通行,实现十字路口城乡交通管理自动化。 2.2 拟采用的研究手段及途径针对道路交通拥挤，交叉路口经常出现拥堵的情况。我准备利用单片机控制技术来设计。本设计拟设计一种新型交通信号灯控制系统，就是一种可应用于智能交通系统的交通信号控制子系统。为了实现交通道路的管理,力求交通管理先进