八年级上册英语各单元知识点.doc

八年级上册英语各单元知识点整理Unit1How often do.exercise1.疑问词how的用法（1）怎样，用什么手段，方法等How do you come to school?（2）提问身体健康状况How are you?（3）how many,how much表示“多少”其中how much还可以表示钱数。how many后接可数名词复数，how much接不可数名词。How many pens do you want?How much water do we drink every day?How much are those pants?（4）how often是对动作发生的“次数”进行提问，询问的是频率“多久一次”（有可能在完型中出题）How often do you play tennis?How often do you surf the Internet?（5）How old？询问年龄How old are you?（6）How about？如何？怎么样？（后面要跟名词、名词性短语或动名词）How aboutgoingto the movies?2.time表示不可数名词，意为“时间”；表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法（注意构成）一次once,两次twice,三次或三次以上用基数词加上times:three times,三次3. exercisev./n.锻炼4. as for意为“就而论；至于”（重要）As for fruit,I eat it sometimes.As for him,I never want to see him here.5. want to do sth.want sb.to do sth.My mother wants me to drink it.I want you to help me with my math.6. She says its good for my health.be good for表示“对有益（有好处）其反义为：be bad for对有害/无益Drinking milk is good for your health.Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.7. try to do sth.尽量/尽力做某事 Ill try to learn English well.I try to eat a lot of vegetables.You must try to take more exercise.8. Look afterI look after my health.My brother is ill.I have to look after him today.He often helps his mother look after his little sister.9. help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事（to大多都是省略）My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. She often helps me learn math.10. the same as与一样Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?She looks the same as her sister.11. I think Im kind of unhealthy.kind of=a little有点儿（重要短语）；a kind of一种12. although=thoughAlthough hes ill,he goes to school on time.13. keep in good health（重点掌握）=keep healthy=stay healthykeep+形容词表示保持某种状态A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.Keep quiet!The baby is sleeping. We must keep our classroom clean14. That sounds interesting.look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。It tastes good. The music sounds very sweet.Unit2 Whats the matter1. Whats the matter with you?（常考句子，注意matter）=Whats wrong with you? =Whats the trouble with you =Whats your trouble?matter前须加定冠词the; wrong前不加任何修饰词；trouble前可加the,也可加形容词型物主代词2. Im not feeling well.I have a我感觉身体不适，我得了3. When did it start?什么时候开始的？4. It startedago.前开始的。5. Thats too bad.You should/shouldnt那太糟糕了。你应该/不该6. Yes,I think so./Thats a good idea.7. I hopeyou feel better soon.【重点短语】1. lie down躺下2. hot teawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶3. feel better感觉好点4. get tired/angry/stressed out变得疲惫/生气/紧张，有压力5. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医6. a balance of的平衡(balance是一个非常重要的考点)7. for example例如8. too much太多（注意它和much too的区分）9. Chinese medicine中药10. western countries西方国家11. a balanced diet一个均衡的饮食12. a few一些/少许13. stay/keep healthy保持健康14. need to do sth.需要做某事15. at the moment现在/此刻16. host family寄宿家庭【重点句型】1. Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this这句是V-ing短语放句首当主语。2. People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.压力太大易生气的人可能是阳气过盛。who are too stressed out and angry为who引导的定语从句。当先行词为人时，定语从句必须用关系词who引导。如：Those who study hard can always get good grades.3. Its easy to havea healthy lifestyle.拥有一个健康的生活方式（很）容易。4. Its important to eata balanced diet.保持饮食的均衡是重要的。5. I believe its important to sleep eight hours a night.Its+形容词+（for sb.）+to do sth.做某事对某人来说（重要的考点）Its easy for us to find out the answer.Its bad for you to read in the sun.6. I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.need to do sth.需要做某事。We need to keep our classroom clean.7. Im not feeling well at the moment.我现在感觉身体不适。at the moment=now现在/此时，常用现在进行时。8. I sometimes stay late until 2 am.9. I dont think Im improving.10. Im sorry to hear that听到我很抱歉/遗憾/感到难过。【语法要点】1. start to do开始做；start doing开始做；start with以开始We start English with ABC.我们从ABC开始学英语。2. I think so.我想是这样的。 so常常与动词say,think,speak,tell,hope,believe,do等连用。3. tired的相关词组be tired累了be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事4. Drink some water.这是一个祈使句，祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告，祈使句没有主语，谓语要用动词原形，否定句在动词前加dont.5. for example例如6. 辨析too much与much too（重要）too much后接不可数名词，意思是“太多”;much too后接形容词或副词，意思是“太”Dont give him too much money.The book is much too dear.too many后接可数名词复数There are too many students in the classroom.7. give advice提建议；give sb.advice给某人提建议take/follow ones advice采纳某人的建议advice是不可数名词，一条建议为a piece of advice,不是an advice（常考）8. maybe的位置maybe也许，放在句首。may be是情态动词+be动词原形可能是，也许是Maybe you should see a dentist.Mr.Wang may be over forty years old.9. tooth-teeth（复数）foot-feetmouse-mice10. notuntil直到才He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.Unit3What are you doing for vacation【重点短语】1.stay at home呆在在家2.how long多久3.get back回来4.think about思考5.decide on决定选定6.the Great Wall长城7.go fishing去钓鱼8.take a vacation去度假9.something different不同的东西10.go camping去野营11.go hiking徒步行12.go bike riding骑自行车行13. have a good time/have fun/enjoy oneself玩得愉快14.show sb sth/show sth to sb给某人看某物15.go sightseeing去观光16.go fishing去钓鱼17.rent videos租录像带18.take walks去散步19.vacation plan假期计划20.plan to do sth计划去做某事21.make a movie拍一部电影22.go swimming去钓鱼23.go shopping去购物24.babysit my sister照顾我的妹妹25.spend time with friends和朋友一起度过26.go to sports camp去参加运动营27.on the 12th在12号28.go away离开29.send sb sth/send sth to sb寄给某人某物30.sleep a lot好好睡31.finish doing sth完成某事32.ask sb about sth问某人某事33.take with随身携带34.for four days总共4天35.cant wait to do sth等不及去做某事36.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事37.forget doinh sth忘记做过某事38.leavefor动身去39.be famous for以出名40.be famous as作为出名【重点句型】1.What are you doing for vacation?2. Im going camping with myparents.（现在进行时表将来的用法）3.Shes babysitting her sister.（现在进行时表将来的用法）4.Im going hiking in the mountains.5.That sounds interesting.（感官动词后面要跟形容词作表语）6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.7.He thought about going to Greece or Spain,butdecided onCanada.8.Im taking walks,going fishing,and going bike riding9.I hope I can forget all my problems!10.I justfinished makingmy last movie,Im tired and I really need to relax.（finish doing sth）11.I heard that Thailand is a good placeto go sightseeing.（不定式做后置定语）12.Shesleaving forHong Kong on Tuesday.13.Can I ask you a few questionsaboutyour vacation plans?（注意介词）14.When are you going?15.Who are you goingwith?（with不可以省略）16.How long are you staying?17.I dontlike goingaway for too long.（like doing sth是很常见的考点）18.What are you doing there?19.This time I want to dosomething different.（形容词修饰不定代词要放在后面）【单元语法】1.现在进行时表示将来现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。此时，一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，而且仅限少量动词，如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,等。例：Are you going to Beijing tomorrow?How many of you are coming to the party next week?2. 询问准备或打算做某事。句型：What is/are+主语+doingeg:-What is he doing for vacation?-He is visiting Qingdao.询问何时去某地。句型：When is/are+主语+goingeg:-When are you going home?-Im going home on May lst.询问在某处干某事。句型：Where is/are+主语+goingeg:Where are you going for vacation?【短语解析】1.show sb.sth.让某人看某物=show sth.to sb.把某物给某人看He showed me a postcard from Hong Kong yesterday.=He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday.2.send sb.sth.寄给某人某物=send sth.to sb.寄某物给某人My friends sent me a letter just now.=My friends sent a letter to me just now.3.think about/of sth./doing sth.考虑某事/考虑做某事He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.4.decide on sth.决定某事decide to do sth.决定做某事They will decide on the case tomorrow.He decided to go sightseeing at last.5.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(忘记要做某事)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事Dont forget to close the door when you leave the classroom.I forget going to Spain before.6.remember to do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事Remember to bring your book here tomorrow.He remembered calling you just now.7.finish sth./finish doing sth.完成某事/完成做某事（后一种用法经常考）Do you finish your homework?When did you finish doing your homework?8.need to do sth.需要做某事We need to go home early.Shes leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday.9.leave for+地名离开/出发去leave A for B离开A地去B地My parents and I are leaving（here）for Beijing tomorrow.My uncle will leave Beijing for Tokyo tomorrow.10.have a good time/have fun玩得开心enjoy oneself玩的开心We had a good time/had fun last night.We enjoyed ourselves last night.I hope you can have a good time/have fun.I hope you can enjoy yourself/yourselves.Unit 4 How do you get to school【短语归纳】1.take the subway=go toby subway搭地铁2.take the train=go toby train坐火车3.take a bus=go toby bus=go toon a bus乘坐公共汽车4.take a taxi=go toby taxi坐出租车5.ride a bike=go toby bike骑自行车6.take a car=go toin a car=go toby car坐汽车7.walk=go toon foot步行8.10 kilometers from school离学校10公里（远）9.get to school到达学校10.from his home to school从他家到学11.how far（用于提问距离）多远12.have a quick breakfast快速地吃早餐13.leave for school出发去学校14.take sb.to school带某人去学校15.the early bus早班车16.bus ride搭公车的路程17.bus stop公车亭18.bus station公车站19.train station火车站20.subway station地铁站21.think of认为22.around the world=all over the world遍及全世界23.in North America在北美洲24.in other parts of the world在世界上的其他地方25.on the school bus乘/坐校车26.others=other（students）其他的（学生）27.the other（两者中的）另一个28.things are different情况不同29.be different from与不同30.make a difference产生差异31.depend on取决于/依赖/依靠32.go to school by boat=take a boat to school坐船去上学33.the most popular ways最流行的方式34.must be肯定/一定是35.a small number of小部分的36.a large/great number of大多数的37.ill in the hospital生病住院38.worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某事39.be the same as与一样40.means of transportation交通方式【固定结构】1.It takes/took（sb.）some time to do sth.做某事花了某人时间/某人花了时间做某事（重要考点）It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.此句子结构可等同于：sb.spend/spent some time on sth.sb.spend/spent some time（in）doing sth.Ittakesme 20 minutesto finishall my homework.=I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.=Ispend20 minutes（in）doingall my homework.Ittookhim 2 yearsto finishmaking the movie.=I spent 2 years on the movie.=Hespent2 years（in）makingthe movie.（此处的doing是常见的重要考点）【重点句子】1.How do you get to school?-I ride my bike to school.2.How long does it take?-It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.3.How long does it take you to ride your bike to school?-It takes me 35 minutes to ride my bike to school.4. How far is it（from his home to school）？=How far do you live from school?-It is three miles（from his home to school）。5.What do think of the transportation in your town?=How do you like the transportation in your town?What do you think of？你对的看法怎样？=How do you like？你认为怎样？6.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！7.A small number of students take a subway.8.Dont worry.别担心【句子结构拓展】1.It depends on where you are.这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。I know.He comes from Spain.I knowhe comes from Spain.（粗体部分是陈述语序）I want to know.Where does he come from?I want to know wherehe comes from.（粗体部分是陈述语序）2.In places（where there are rivers and lakes），students usually go to school by boat.这是一个定语从句。where there are rivers and lakes是定语，修饰前面的名词place.The girl（who speaks French）is my classmate.那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学。若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词who连接。He wants to live in a place（where there are flowers and grass）。若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词where连接unit5Can you come to my party【重点词组】1.come to the party来（参加）聚会2.on Saturday afternoon在星期六下午3.How/What about you?你怎样？4.Id love/like to.我（很）乐意/愿意。5.study for the chemistry test为化学考试而学习6.have apiano lesson上钢琴课7.help my mom with housework帮妈妈做家务8.go to the doctor去看医生9.have to do sth.不得不做某事10.visit/see sb.拜访某人11.go to the movies去看电影12.go to the concert去（看）音乐会13.go to the baseball match/game去（看）棒球赛14.go to the mall去商业街15.too much homework太多作业16.another time下次17.Thanks for asking.谢谢（你的）邀请。18.have fun/have a good time玩得开心点19.the day after tomorrow后天20.the day before yesterday前天21.have tennis training进行网球训练22.call/telephone sb.打电话给某人23.finish the geography project完成地理课题/作业24.keep quiet保持安静25.watch the football math观看足球赛26.go to the culture club去文化俱乐部27.the whole day/all day一整天the whole week/year一整周/年28.come over to my house顺道来我家29.discuss the science report谈论科学报告30.invite me to his birthday party邀请我去他的生日聚会 31.be free=have time空闲的【重点句型】1.Can you come to my party? Sure,Id love to.2.Can you go to the movies?Im sorry.I have to help my mom.3. Can she go to the baseball game?No,she cant.She has to study for a test.4. Can they go to the concert?No,they cant.Theyre going to a party.【句型应用】如何对别人的邀请说愿意或表示拒绝，并学会如何讲清原因。如：当同学邀请你去看电影时，你非常愿意。那么你应该说：Sure!Id love to.或：Sure! Id like to.注意在这两种中“to”不能省掉，否则意思不完整。如果我们有事不能去，我们可以说：Thank you very much for your invitation.或说：Thanks for asking.Im sorry,I cant.接下来我们应该陈述理由。如：I have to help my mom.【重点句子】1、邀请别人：Can you come to my party?Would you like to come to my party?接受邀请Sure/Certainly/Of course,Id love/like to.Yes,Id love/like to.拒绝邀请Im sorry,I cant.I have to/mustSorry,Id love to.But I have to2.What day is it today?（询问星期）It is Wednesday.What is the date today?（询问日期）It is Nov.2nd.What is today?（询问日期和星期）It is Wednesday Nov.2nd.3.Thats too bad.Maybe another time.4.Come and have fun.5.Thanks a lot forasking/inviting me.=Thank you very much for your invitation.6.I have tennis training with the school team.7.Please keep quiet!Im trying to study.8.Can you come over to my house?Can you come over to my house on Wednesday?Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report?9.I am free till 10:00 pm.Unit6Im more outgoing than my sister【重要词组】1.twin sister双胞胎姐妹2.as you can see正如你所看到的3.in some ways在某些方面4.look the same看起来一样5.look different看起来不同6.more than超出7.asas与一样not asas不如8.in common共同的9.go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party10.a little taller高一点11.has cool clothes有漂亮的衣服12.is popular in school在学校受欢迎13.is good at sports擅长体育14.make me laugh使我发笑（make sb do）15.opposite views相反的观点16.most of“中的大多数”17.Its not necessary to“某事没有必要”18.be different from与不同19.beat sb in sth在某方面打败某人20.a weekend teacher周末教师21.primary school students小学生22.have good grades成绩出色23.be good with children善于与孩子相处24.enjoy telling jokes喜欢讲笑话（enjoy doing）25.cant stop talking不能停止讲话（stop doing）【要掌握的句子】1.Patron is funnier than Paul.Tina is taller than Tara.Tom is more athletic than Sam.2. He has shorter hair than Sam.=His hair is shorter than Sams.3.In some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different.4.Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.5.I think a good friend makes me laugh.6.I like to have friends who are like me.7.Its not necessary to be the same.【语法知识】1）形容词的作用：形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：Our school looks very beautiful.（表语）We need a big classroom.（定语）Doing morning exercises can make us healthy.（宾语补足语）2）形容词的级别：即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级，当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级，当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。（1）形容词比较级用法：形容词比较级用法用于两者之间的比较，后常跟比较连词than表被比较的对象。为避免重复than引导的从句中有些与主句相同的部分常省略，而把相比较部分突出。例：His hair is longer than his fathers.=He has longer hair than his father.Its hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing.China is bigger than any other country in Asia.（2）形容词比较级的构成：（重要知识点）规则变化在词尾加-er以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词直接加-r以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加-er,重读闭音节以辅音字母结尾的双写结尾的辅音加-er有的双音节和多音节的词，在词前加more构成比较级。此外还有个别词为不规则变化。例：good/well-better/bestmany/much-more-most（3）形容词比较级前还可用much,even,a little来修饰例：This city is much more beautiful than before.Shes a little more outgoing than me.（4） “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越”注：多音节比较级用“more and more+形容词原级”形式。例：The group became more and more popular.（5）“Which/Who is+比较级？”比较A、B两事物，问其中哪一个较时用此句型。例：Which T-shirt is nicer,this one or that one?【单元知识点】1.Here are the photos of me and my sister Liu Ying.Here/There开头的句子需倒装。例：Here is your book.主语为代词时，谓语还是放在主语之后。例：Here you are.（倒装句的典型句子）谓语为行为动词表正在进行。例：There goes the bell.铃响了。2.As you can see,in some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different.“A and B look the same”看上去一样。例：Lily and Lucy look the same.“A look like B”看上去像例：Lily looks like Lucy.此处look意为“看起来”系动词，后跟形容词。例：look young/old/tired/nice.3.We both have black eyes and black hair,although my hair is shorter than hers.（1）both“两个、两者都”,作副词时常放在be动词之后，实义动词之前。例：Both（of）his parents are doctors.（作代词）=His parents are both doctors.（作副词）They both went camping in the holiday.（作副词）bothand两者都例：Both English and math are very important.注：both指两者都，all指三者或三者以上都。（2）although与though常可互换，表“虽然、即使、尽管”,都不能与but用于一句话中。但though用得更普遍。此外though可作副词，在句尾表“然而”,although不能。例：There are some differences,though.4.She has more than one sister.她不止有一个姐姐。more than“超过”morethan“比多”例：He has more books than me.5.They have some things in common.（in common共同的）6.Li Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.（1）asas同级比较，两个“as”之间必须使用形容词或副词原级。意为“如同一样”,not as/soas“不如”例：He runs as quickly as his father.She doesnt study so/as hard as her brother（does）7.I think a good friend makes me laugh.make sb.do sth.让（使）某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）例：His words made us feel so exciting.8.My friend is the same as me.He likes to do the same things as me.I like to have friends who are different from me.（be）different from和不同（be）the sameas和相同例：His life style is quite different from ours.We read the same book as you showed us last time.9.I li