张薛徐第七周余莹U1

Unit 1 Sporting events语法目标扫描1目的状语短语和目的状语从句(详见“语言点详解”第一条)。2让步状语短语和让步状语从句(详见“语言点详解”第二条)。Grammar1目的状语短语和目的状语从句目的状语可以由in order(not)to、so as(not)to等不定式短语构成。 例：The teacher explained the rules several times in order toso as to make the students fully understand老师反复解释了这些规则，就是为了让学生们充分地理解。 Before he turned in his compositionhe checked it again so as to make as few mistakes as possible把作文交上去之前他又检查了一遍，目的是尽量减少错误。目的状语从句可以由so that、in order that等连接短语引导，且从句中的谓语部分一般含有情态动词cancould、maymight、willwould、shallshould等。例：The secretary adjusted the managers agenda in order that he could attend the economic forum秘书调整了经理的日程安排，使他能够出席这次经济论坛。【注意】目的状语短语和从句可以置于句首。例：In order to save paper，the secretary printed on both sides of the paper为了节约纸张，秘书在纸的正反面都打印。 In order that he might hear more clearly，he seated himself in the first row为了听得更清楚些，他坐在了第一排。in case也可以用来引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语部分常用一般现在时或一般过去时，但不用将来时。 例：They have made a careful plan in case something unexpected happens他们制定了一个周密的计划，以防备可能发生的意外。2让步状语短语和让步状语从句让步状语可以由despite和in spite of构成。 例：Despite the heavy traffic jam on Monday morning，he got to the office on time尽管周一早晨的交通非常拥挤，他还是准时到达了办公室。 The old man cannot see very well in spite of the spectacles尽管戴着眼镜，老人还是看不太清楚。 【注意】despite和in spite of后面跟名词或名词短语。例：Despite /In spite of all the evidence，he still refused to confess his mistakes尽管证据确凿，他还是拒绝承认错误。引导状语从句的连词有although、though、even though等，意为“虽然；尽管”，表示在从句情况存在的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。 例：Although it was very hot，the builders kept working on the sites虽然天气酷热，建筑工人们还是坚持在工地上工作。 The scientist kept experimenting with the new drug even though he had failed three times.尽管已经失败了三次，这个科学家仍然坚持试验这种新药。【拓展】(1)asthough倒装结构表示让步意义，相当于althoughthough引导的从句。 例：Difficult asthough the problem was(=AlthoughThough the problem was difficult)，Tom managed to work it out尽管这道题目很难，汤姆还是做了出来。(2)while引导的让步状语从句常置于句首。 例：While I admit that he is not perfect，l do actually like the person尽管我承认他非完美，但我的确非常喜欢这个人。 (3)whatever、whoever、wherever和however等词引导的让步状语从句，相当于“no matter +wh-疑问词”，常译为“无论”。 例：He always thinks of his motherland wherever he travels(=no matter where he travels)无论走到哪儿，他都心系祖国。(4)whetheror引导的让步状语从句，常译为”无论还是”例：whether we win or lose，we will spare no effort无论成败，我们都会不遗余力。Reading3.Last year my father promised to take me on a holiday if I did well in my exams去年我爸爸许诺，如果我在考试中取得好成绩，他就带我去度假。promise V答应；许诺【必背】promise somebody somethingpromise something to somebody向某人承诺某事；答应给某人某物promise to do something答应做某事promise that答应或保证例：The mother promised the boy a new computer if he passed the examination They promised to finish the work next week他们，承诺下周完成工作。， They promised that all the books would be returned by Friday他们保证所有的书籍会在周五之前归还。【拓展】 (1)promise n. 许诺；诺言；保证 例：We received many promises of help许多人答应帮助我们。【必背】make a promise 做出允诺 keep a promise遵守诺言 fulfill a promise实现诺言 carry out a promise履行诺言 break a promise违背诺言 (2)promise V预示 例：It promises to be fine tomorrow明天有望是个好天气。 Heavy snow promises a harvest瑞雪兆丰年。(3)promising ad有前途的；有希望的 例：The results of the first experiment are not very promising第一次实验的结果不容乐观。The young CEO had a successful career，a comfortable salary and a promising future这个年轻的首席执行官拥有成功的事业、丰厚的薪水、光明的前途。 4And, despite the expense, he did尽管费用不菲，他还是(遵守了诺言)。expense n费用；价钱 例：l dont think we can afford the expense我认为我们负担不了这个费用。 【必背】at the expense of 以为代价at ones expense 由某人负担费甩；以牺牲某人的利益为代价 【拓展】expenses n开支；经费 例：The manager decided to cut down on the office expenses经理决定削减办公经费。5Wearing skis for the first time makes you feel very strange第一次穿上滑雪板的感觉不舒服。 for the first time 解释为“第一次”，一般用作时间状语。 例1 was invited to such a grand party for the first time.我第一次被邀请参加如此盛大的晚会。 l considered her honest and sincere when I met her for the first time,我第一次遇见她的时候就认为她诚实真挚。 【比较】the first timethe first time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次的时候”。例：The first time I met her，I thought her honest and sincere我第一次遇见她的时候就认为她诚实真挚。 He was fascinated by this piece of music the first time he heard it他第一次听见这首曲子时就被深深地迷住了。 6You should not ski alone in case you fall and get injured不要一个人滑雪以免你摔倒受伤。 in case可以用来引导目的状语从句，意为“以免；万一”。in case可以置于句中或句首。 例：Please remind me of the meeting in case I forget请提醒我开会以免我忘记了。 In case your computer is attacked by viruses，the software should be upgraded regu1ady为了防止电脑受到病毒攻击，该软件应该定期升级。【拓展】in case of 后面接名词，意思也是“以免；万一”。例：Press the red button in case of emergency万一有紧急情况，按一下红色按钮。get injured是一个被动语态的结构，相当于be injured。英语中经常可以用get+过去分词来表达被动。 例：Mr Smith has got promoted to general manager史密斯先生已经被提升为总经理了。 In big cities cleaners usually get paid by the hour大城市里的清洁工通常是按小时来给工资的。Linda got married to Sam last month琳达和山姆上个月结婚了。 As long as both sides cooperate，the problem will get solved soon只要双方合作。问题很快会解决的。7To be honest that first lesson was not a great success说实话，第一堂课不是很成功。success n. 成功；成功的人或事例：Only by working hard can you achieve success只有努力你才能取得成功。The new style of mobile phone was an immediate success. 这款新手机立刻获得了成功。【拓展】 succeed V 成功【必背】succeed in(doing)something成功做了某事 例：The teacher gave us some advice on how to succeed in the job interview老师就如何获 得面试成功给我们提了一些建议。 The technician has succeeded in creating a new type of machine to meet the markets demand技术员成功地研制出一种新机器来满足市场需求。 successful adj获得成功的 例：Mary，a successful businesswoman，has been invited to the forum成功的女商人玛丽已受邀参加论坛。8. I felt pleased with myself，and the instructor congratulated me，so I felt great我对自己感到满意，而且教练也祝贺我，所以我感觉好极了。congratulate V祝贺【必背】congratulate sb on(doing) something 祝贺某人(做)某事 例：Friends and relatives came to congratulate the parents on their newborn baby亲朋好友都来祝贺这对父母生了个小宝宝。Many friends congratulated me on winning the first prize很多朋友都祝贺我赢得了一等奖。9. Nevertheless，it was all over too soon然而，一切都结束得太快了。 nevertheless 意思是“然而(=however)”或“虽然如此(=in spite of this)”。 例：Einsteins parents，nevertheless，could not afford to pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed然而，虽然年轻的阿尔伯特需要高等教育，父母却供不起他。He said something unpleasant to me at yesterdays meeting；nevertheless, I like him他在昨天的会议上对我说了些不好听的话。虽然如此，我还是很喜欢他。More reading 10Every four years，athletes from all over the world compete in various sports at the Games来自世界各地的运动员每四年一次参加奥运会各类运动项目的角逐。every表示“每.或“每隔” 例：Please write your sentences every other line请每隔一行写句子。The doctor went to the ward every two hours医生每隔数小时就查一次房。11Athletics，refers to sports in four areas“田径比赛”指的是四类运动项目。refer to所指的是 例：what he said didnt refer to you他所说的话并不是指你。 【拓展】refer to(1)提及 例：In his speech he referred to the help he received from his friends他在演讲中提到了朋友们给予的帮助。 、(2)查阅；参考例：The lecturer gave his speech without referring to his notes演讲者脱稿作了报告。1 2The decathlon involves ten different athletics events that take place over two days十项全能由十项不同的田径项目组成，这些比赛历时两天。involve解释为“包括；涉及” 例：The strike involved many people许多人参加了罢工。 I didnt realize designing a type of handbag involved so much work我没有意识到设计一款手提包会涉及那么多工作。【必背】be involved in卷入；涉及例：1 warm you not to be involved in the argument我警告你不要参与这场争论。 Its reported that three government officials have been involved in the bribery据报道有三名政府官员卷入这起贿赂案中。活学活用：Section ADirections: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases from the list given below.Change the form where necessary.congratulate despite be dying promise category expense involve manage participate in desire1. He _not to tell the secret to anyone.2. We can decorate the room at little_, if we use this old paint.3. After two hours long walk in the sun, now I _to have a cold drink and a good rest.4. His colleagues all _him on his winning the top prize.5. _her age, she still lives an active life.6. The song he has just sung falls into the _of folk songs.7. Those who have no _for success are not likely to fulfill their dreams.8. I advised him not to _in that matter.9. The story told us how a businessman _to sell his combs to a monk.10. The principal expected all of us to actively _the social activities.Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets. 1. 我们要求他说话算话。 (require)2. 尽管成就巨大，这位科学家仍然很谦虚。(despite)3. 他下定决心去国外留学。 (pursue)4. 听完介绍后，学生们迫不及待地想要亲自尝试一下。(wait)5. 来自180多个国家的大约1500名运动员将争夺90枚金牌。(compete for)6. 尽管困难重重，他还是提前完成了任务。 (manage)7. 第一次被老师表扬，他感到兴奋不已。 (for the first time)8. 今天早上大雨滂沱，一连串的事故引起了严重的交通阻塞。 (series)9. 汤姆和约翰其中的任何一个人都能做这份工作，他们俩能力相当。(equal)10. 她对英国文学非常感兴趣，因此渴望去英国留学。(dying to do)能力训练场：I . Listening comprehension Section A Short conversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the library. B. At school. C. At home. D. At Jacks home.2. A. Director and actress. B. Boss and secretary. C. Servant and customer. D. Waiter and diner.3. A. 115. B. 100. C. 85. D. 15.4. A. The price of oil. B. The oil shortage. C. The traffic condition. D. The bus fare.5. A. He is going to watch a football match.B. He is going to watch a table tennis match on TV.C. He is going to a photo show.D. He is going to a flower show.6. A. In a couple of days. B. Early the next morning. C. Late in the evening. D. In the afternoon.7. A. She will decide later. B. She doesnt want to go out. C. She doesnt like either of them. D. She wants the man to decide.8. A. jimmy is going to Rome next week. B. Jimmy went to Rome last week.C. Jimmy will stay in Boston. D. Jimmy will leave Rome next week.9. A. The woman found the exam easy.B. The exam consisted of two pages.C. The exam was not easy for the woman.D. The woman completed the exam within one hour.10. A. Mr Taylor is very kind. B. The man should not worry.C. She likes Mr Taylor a lot. D. She is much worried.Section B PassageDirections: In Section B, you will hear a passage and the passage will be read twice. After you hear the passage, fill in the numbered blanks with the missing words. (One word for each blank)Most young people enjoy some form of (11) _activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kindfootball, basketball, golf or tennis. It may be mountain climbing.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often connected with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to (12) _cold and hardship, and to take (13) _on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountain climbing and other forms of activity to which man give their leisure.Mountain climbing is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules. As there are for such games as golf and football, there are, (14) _, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountain climbing (15) _to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. _he had five children to support, he was always ready to give a hand to thosewho needed help.A. Despite B. ThoughC. Even although D. Even2. After getting off the shuttle bus, the tourists waited in line to _the hotel.A. check in B. check on C. check at D. check in at3. The tips of the skis _cross, or you will fall.A. neednt B. ought to not C. mustnt D. dont have to4. Since his childhood, he has been _English in Cambridge University.A. dreaming of learning B. dreaming to learnC. dreamt of learning D. dreamt to learn5. Father promised us that if my brother _well in the exams, he _us for a special holiday.A. would do, would take B. had done, had takenC. did, would take D. had done, would take6. The managers office was on the second floor, _the beautiful garden every day.A. overlooking B. overlooked C. to overlook D. being overlooked7. _floodlit, we could watch people skiing until 10 p. m.A. Being B. Having beenC. The slopes were D. As the slopes were8. In my opinion, that exhibition on modern art was not_.A. great success B. great successful C. succeeded D. a great success 9. The boy showed great interest in this musical instrument _he touched the blackand white keys of the piano.A. for the first time B. the first timeC. first time D. by the first time10. _, I dont think the treatment of the disease will be effective.A. Being honest B. Honest speakingC. To tell the truth D. In order to be honest11. Sam _the ceremony last night. I wonder why he changed his mind.A. ought to have not attended B. should not attendC. mustnt have attended D. should not have attended12. Field events, ._often not closely linked with speed, include high jump, pole vault, discus and so on.A. which B. which are C. that are D. where are13. In our school, _number of the students who sign up for volunteer activities_more than 500.A. the . is B. the . are C. a . is D. a . are14. According to a recent survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _TV.A. to watch B. watching C. to watching D. watch15. The scientific research shows that _physical exercise regularly helps to keep fit.A. to doing B. do C. doing D. doesSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. amusements B. practice C. competitive D. character E. especially F. value C. muscles H. natural I. successfully J. preventSome people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at times when they are not working. But in fact sports and games can be of great 16 , especially to people who work with their brains most of the day, and should not be treated only as 17 .Sports and games make our bodies strong, 18 us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only uses. They give us valuable 19 in making eyes, brains and muscles work together. In tennis, when our eyes see the ball coming, our brain has to decide what to do, and to send its orders to the 20 of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this chain of events 21 . For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is 22 useful.Sports and games are also very useful for training 23 . If each of students learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it 24 to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Swimming, diving, and other water sports can be great fun. 1 millions of people cannot swim. Many are afraid of water. They have 2 confidence in their ability to learn swim well. A few years ago, scientists tried to 3 how people learn new skills. They found that, generally speaking, the first time a person tried a task determined whether or not they would ever be 4 at it. For example, if a child tried to roller-skate for the first time and did it well, then he would 5 become a good roller-skater. If he did it badly, then he would probably never be good. 6 this reason, it is important that a persons first try at swimming should be successful.Scientists also know that a frightening 7 damages a persons confidence. For example, if a non-swimmer is 8 into deep water for fun, it will 9 him a long time to regain 10 in the water. So learner-swimmers should take each step slowly. The first thing to do is to 11 confidence in the water. Never jump in at first. Sit by the side and slide in 12 . Better still, walk slowly down the steps into shallow water. Hold on to the rail(fe ) until you feel 13 enough to let go. Plunge your head under the water, 14 your eyes open as you do so. Lift your feet 15 the