英语助动词时态语态用法大全.doc

英语助动词时态语态用法大全动词时态和语态（1）一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。 4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed12. I havent finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt say B. couldnt speak to C. said D. didnt tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. When _ school begin? Next Monday. A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We wont go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not being held B. they didnt holdC. it had not held D. they were holding it26. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. Hurry up, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was riding B. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rode D. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to be B. was about to be C. could be D. was to be40. It is time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arrived D. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down44. Have you _ him to give up smoking? No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C. tried/tried D. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comes B. comes/will come C. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult. A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.” “Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.” A. never think/are going B.have never thought/ were going C. didnt think/ are going D. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom. A. havent got B. hasnt got C. wouldnt get D. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _? A. hadnt she B. didnt she C. wouldnt she D. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature. A. became mixed with B. was mixed by C. mixes with D. has been mixing by练习一、15 CCBCB 610 ABCAB 1115 CBADA 1620 BBDCD 2125 DBBCA 2630 DBABD 3135 BAAAD 3640 CAAAB 4145 ACCAC 4650 ADBBB 5152 BC英语中的时态用法比较研究1. 现在一般时与现在完成时1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）2) You read very well. (强调能力）Youve read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作）3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了）4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态）The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成）5) Every time I see him, hes been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行）Every time I have seen him, hes been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行）6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）7) He wont come till the play begins. (演出开始时）He wont come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）8) After I leave school, Ill go to college. （两个动作紧密相接）After I have left school, Ill go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔）9) It is a long time since I saw you last. Its been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语）10) Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）2. 现在一般时与现在进行时1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰）The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）4) I forget him name. Im forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）5) You dont eat much. (强调胃口不大）Youre not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）6) The match starts at 7 oclock. (比较固定，不宜改变）The match is starting at 7 oclock.（可以改变）7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备）8)Tom goes to college now.Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动）9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）Im telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩）10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令）Im expecting you to phone me.（婉转）12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满）12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） Im finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到）13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)14) He always thinks of others.Hes always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)16) I hope youll give us some advice.Im hoping youll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)3. 现在完成时与过去一般时1) Ive seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)2) Whos opened the window? (窗户还在开着)Who opened the window? (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是爱唱歌)Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你听过这种事吗)Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事, 你听说过吗? 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。)5) What have I done to make you so angry? (对方仍生气）What did I do to make you so angry? （暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。）6) How has he done it? (他这活干的怎么样？强调结果）How did he do it?（他是怎么干这活的？强调干活的方式）7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约）He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了）8) He has been called a thinker.He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家）9) Youve heard what I said. (你听见我的话了）You heard what I said.（你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。）10) Ive lost my pen. (笔还没找到）I lost my pen.（笔可能找到了）11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪）He was already there.（当时在哪）12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病还在延续）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了）13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了）Did you sleep well?（暗示睡的是否舒服，满意）4. 过去完成时与过去一般时1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔)I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念)2) I waited till I saw him.I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍)3) We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来)We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的)4) I dont think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次)I dont think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了)5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵)Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵)6) Jim said he didnt know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didnt know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过)7) They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友)They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了)8) He did the work at 6.(强调时间)He had done the work at 6. (6点工作已做完)9) I learned French during my holiday.(强调学了)I had learned French during my holiday. (强调学会了)10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下)When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确)I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完)12) I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人)I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时)5. 过去进行时与过去一般时1) I read a book yesterday. (书已看完)I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)2) The guests arrived.(客人已到)The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达)3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)5) John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了)John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情)6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服)They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)7) The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实)The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很旧了)9) He knocked at the do