虚拟语气无答案.doc

高三英语导学案 编制人蒋勋建 审核人_自学展示模式 使用时间2011-12-7编码G3YYFX SBI 三类虚拟语气【重点难点】1. 带非真实条件状语从句的虚拟语气2 . 表示命令、请求、建议的动词、名词、形容词与虚拟语气【定义】虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。1.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法虚拟条件句可以表示假设或不太可能实现的情况，也可以表示与事实完全相反的情况。虚拟条件句一般由if引导。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下几种情况：从 句主 句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be的过去式用were）would(could/should/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should/might)+have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形If she knew English,she wouldnt ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。If I were you , I would go to hospital.如果我是你，我会去医院的。If I had known her number,I would have called her.如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。【注意】：在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装。当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.如果你刚才接受我的建议，你现在会好些。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你从前努力学习，你现在会是一名大学生。2.用于几种句型中(2)在句型It+be+形容词+that(should)中常见的形容有:necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising,unthinkable等Its necessary that we(should)have a walk now.我们有必要出去散步。Its natural that she(should)do so.她这样做是很自然的。(2)在句型It+be+过去分词+that(should)中，常见的过去分词有:desired,decided,suggesyed,requested,ordered,proposed等。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.有人建议会议应推迟。(3)在句型It+be+a pity/no wonder that(should)中It is a pity that you（should）lose the chance.很遗憾你失去了这个机会。3.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为： 过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时) 过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish)wish could/would/might+动词原形，即过去将来 (宾语从句动作后于wish)I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it werent raining now.(2)表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后的从句用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。常见的动词有：advise,direct,demand,decied,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest等。例如：The teacher suggested that we(should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。4.用于表语从句和同位语从句中 与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的动词相应的名词advice,demand,order,insistence,desire,requirement,request,proposal,suggestion,command,decision等构成的表语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should)+动词原形”结构。He made a suggestion that he (should) stay there. 他建议他留在那儿。My advice is that we should think it over before accepting it.我的建议是三思而后行。The people expressed their desire that the war should come to an end soon.人民表达了早日结束战争的愿望。5.用于It is (high) time (that)句型中（定语从句）在此句型中，从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时或should+动词原形，should不可省。It is high time you went home. 你该回家了。6.在as if(as though)引导的从句中，常用虚拟语气，其动词形式的判断要通过与主句动词的比较而定：Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。（从句中的动作与主句的动作同时进行）He talks as if he had been to the Moom.他谈论着好像去过月球似的。（从句动作发生在主句动作之后）7.would rather后面接从句，用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时；表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。Frankly speaking,Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对于此事什么也不要做。I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。8.当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为，力言”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句动词已经不再后于suggest/insist所表达的动作，这种情况下，suggest/insist后宾语从句谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式，应使用陈述语气形式。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。9.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with,without,but for.What would you do with a million dollars?( =if you had a million dollars)如果你有百万美元，你会怎么做？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(=if we hadnt got your help.)Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,=If it had not been for your help,=Had it not been for your help,要不是你帮忙，我们不能提前完成工作。10.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）我那天生病了，否则我会参加运动会的。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）他打电话通知我你生日的事，否则我不会知道这件事的。【课堂检测】1.-Are you going to the lecture tomorrow afternoon?- Im not sure now.I _ go to Prof.Blacks class instead.A. might B. would C. should D. must2.-I paid him 200 yuan for the speakers.-Oh, he charged you too much.You _ them with half the money.A. could have bought B. neednt have boughtC. must have bought D. wouldnt have bought3.-Most students went to the museum yesterday,Its a pity you were absent.-I wish I_.A. had B. did C. werent D. would4.We _ keep a cool head on overheating development,for it _ have negative influence upon national economy.A. should;must B. must;would C. might;could D. must;may5.- Can I pay the bill by check?- Sorry,sir.But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment_ be made in cash.A.shall B. need C.will D. can6.I didnt hear the bell ring;I _asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been7. We need a person very much to think up such an idea.-_ the new engineer have a try?A.Shall B. May C. Should D. Need8.-_I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?-Yes,you _.The resaurant is always full,especially during the holidays.A.Must;will B.Must;can C. Shall;shall D.Shall;must9.-I didnt go to work today.-You _;it is Sunday.A. didnt need to B. mustnt have C.cant have D. neednt have10.-Your sister nearly_ all her spare time to her study during the three years.-Thats right, or she _the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A.devoted;wouldnt have taken B.spent;wouldnt have takenC.hadnt devoted;hadnt taken D.hadnt spent;couldnt take11.I wouldnt marry Pat even if she _the last woman on earth.A.is B.was C.had been D. were12.If I _ long enough to have a job,I would choose to be a doctor,_ those AIDS patients.A.had lived;helping B. should live;help C.were to live;helping D. should live;help13._ your advice,I would have caught in the traffic and I wouldnt have been there on time.A.In spite of B.But for C. Because of D. As for14.Steve said that if he _ how it worked,he _ me what to do.A.knows; would tell B. had known;would have told C.knew;would have told D.had known;would tell15._ the help from the doctor,the little boy_his life.A.Apart from;should have lost B.Without;could lose C.But for;would have lost D.Except for;would have lost16.-Betty said she would definitely be here before 7.Shes never late.- But its half past 7 now.She _be coming.A.would not B. dare not C. need not D. cannot17.-The work will take me another week.Im really tired.-I think you_ as well consult an experienced worker.A.must B.need C.may D.can18.We_finish it ahead of time,though it was such a tough task.A.could B.would C.were able to D. ought to19.Uncle Sam is crazy about gardening.He must be watering his flowers in the backyard now,_?A. mustnt he B. isnt he C.neednt he D.doesnt he20.The door_ open,no matter how hard Grandma pushed.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.mightnt D.shouldnt21._every student aware of the importance of study,they would study efficiently.A.Were B.Should C.May D.Had22.No student _ go out of school after eleven oclock at night without the teachers permission.A.will B.must C.may D. shall23.When I was young,I _get up at 5oclock and go for a long tiring walk to school after breakfast.A.would B. would like to C. was used to D.might24.-Look! The clouds are gathering.-Yes,Im afraid it _ be pouring down soon.A.can B.m