高三牛津Module9Unit1Project语言知识点.doc

模 块 九 Unit 1 Project语 言 知 识 点LL.1131. associate A with BA be associated with B 把A和B联系起来；把A和B联想起来e.g. People often associate a country with some famous aspects of its culture.人们常常会从 一个国家联想到它有名的文化。Red is usually associated with danger.红色常常使人联想到危险。association n. 协会，工会；联合，交往2reserve(1) vt. 保留；预约，预定（book）You had better reserve the money for future use . 你最好保留那笔钱以备将来之需。We must reserve a room at the hotel.我们必须预定一间旅社房间。(2) n. 保护区: a nature reserve保守, 矜持: The British are famous for their reserve. 储备, 储藏: large oil and gas reserves3. suppose(1)以为, 猜想What do you suppose he gave me then?你以为那时他给了我什么?(2)假定, 假设, 假想Suppose (that) flights are fully booked on that day, which other day could we go? 假定那天的航班都订满了, 我们还可以在哪天走呢?Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?假设你错了, 那你会怎么办?(3) be supposed to do/be sth. 应该, 应当 You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你本该在一小时以前就到这儿。4There is nothing ambiguous about Australians love of sport.There is no doubt about Australians love of sport.There is no doubt that Australians love sport.I dont doubt that澳大利亚人热爱体育，这点豪无疑义。There is some doubt whether he is Ok.I doubt if whether5Live(1) adj. /adv. 现场直播的（地） a live broadcast be broadcast live(2)adj. （动、植物）活着的 live fishThey are still .We should try our best to keep the animal .Our English teacher is able to make his classes and interesting.She is a girl.6.Anywhere Australians get togetherin the canteen during lunch, in the pub with a pint of beer or in someones garden for a barbecuethe conversation quickly turns to sport.(1) anywhere = no matter wheree.g. Well go anywhere you like. 你爱往哪里去, 我们就往哪里去。(3) turn to 求助 turn to sb. for help 翻到 turn to P20 转到；变成 The conversation turns to sport.7strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势；优点和缺点e.g. Its important to know your own strengths and weaknesses. 了解自己的优缺点很重要。 the strengths and weaknesses of an argument 一个论点的有力之处与薄弱之处8devotion 热爱，献身，投入，奉献 (to) the Australians devotion to sport 澳大利亚人对体育的热爱 the devotion of parents to their children 父母对子女的挚爱 the devotion of too much time to sports 投入太多时间在运动上 devote oneself/ones time/ones energy to sth/doing sth9.content(1)(表语adj.) 满足的，满意地Are you content with your work?你对你的工作满意吗？He was content just to sit in front of the television all day.他只要整天坐在电视机前就心满意足了。(2)n. (pl.) 内容，目录 (n.U) 容量，含量(3) contented (作定语用的adj.) with a contented look/smile带着满意的表情/微笑10.unfit adj. 不健康的；不适宜的，不适当的 The captain is still unfit and will miss tonights game.队长身体欠佳将不能出席今晚的比赛。 The water is unfit to drink. 那水不适宜饮用。LL.14221. 1. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation.(line14) 尽管如此，澳大利亚任被视为体育大国 。1) still adv still : in spite of what has been said 尽管如此 ，但 ，不过The weather was cold and wet . Still , we had a great time .天气又冷又潮 ，不过我们任旧玩的很开心 。 still : continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing 还， 还是，依旧，任然Mum, Im still hungry! 妈妈，我还饿 。 still :（加强比较级）还要 ，更 The next day was warmer still . 第二天更暖和了 still还可以作adj. not moving , calm and quiet 静止的，平静的，安静的 still water 平静的水面 stay still 待着不动Still waters run deep. 谚 静水流深。 2) consider consider （to be /as） 认为，觉得This award is considered ( to be ) a great honour . 这项奖项被视为极大的荣誉 consider doing sth 考虑做什么 We are considering buying a new car . 我们正在考虑买一辆新车 。 considering : 就而言 ，鉴于 ，考虑到 He is very active , considering his age 就他的年龄来说，他是十分活跃的 。2. The climate is mild , neither too hot nor too cold .(line14) 这里气候温和，即不热也不冷 。climate与 weather 的比较climate :（指一定区域内经过多年观察所得到的概括性的气候情况）气候 C, U a wet / warm /mild climate 潮湿的/温暖的/温和的气候weather : 指一定区域和一定时间内大气内发生的各种气象变化） 天气，气象weather forecast 天气预报Whats the weather like today?How is the weather today?Its hot/windy/fine.3. Many people owe their love of sport to the perfect weather conditions for it.(line 16)许多人对体育运动的热爱归功于适合体育运动的完美气候条件。owe vt. 归因于，归功于，欠（帐），欠（人情）1) oweto. 归因于，归功于，起源于 He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作。2) owe sth. to sb. / owe sb sth 欠（帐），欠（情） He still owes 3000 dollars to his father . 他还欠他父亲三千美元。 You owe me a favour . 你还欠我一个人情哪！3) owing to 因为 ，由于，归功于 Owing to (=Due to) the natural environment , many people feel that New Zealand is perfect for outdoor activities . 由于自然环境，许多人觉得新西兰适合户外运动 。4. Best of all , there is a two- day weekend to enjoy the outdoors. (line18)1）best of all : adv 尤其，特别，最My father loves golf best of all .我父亲特别爱打高尔夫球 。2）outdoors : adv. &, n. adv. 在户外，在野外 （反义词 outdoors）Children usually prefer playing outdoors . 孩子们通常比较喜欢在野外玩耍 。 n. (通常用the outdoors ) 户外，野外I love to be in the great outdoors . 我喜欢生活在大自然中 。3）outdoor : adj. 户外的，野外的 （反义词 indoor） an outdoor sport 户外运动5. With most of its population of approximately 20 million people living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities for many families at the weekend . (line19)with +宾语+宾补【V.(p.p.), V-ing , to do , prep , adj. , adv】1) With a rubber cord tied to his ankles, he jumped from a high platform. 用橡胶绳子系在脚踝上, 他从一个高的平台上跳了下来.2) With so many students speaking English fluently, this teacher is very glad.有如此多的学生流利地说英语,这位老师很开心3) With a lot of homework to do, I cant leave.有许多作业要做, 我不能离开.4) With a smile on his face, he looks at me. 他笑着看着我.5) He fell asleep with the door open 门开着他睡着了.6) He fell asleep with the lights on 灯开着他睡着了.6. Sydney, for example ,is a city with 37 beaches , most of which can be reached within 30 minutes by public transport from city centre . (line21)句中的“most of which can be reached within 30 minutes by public transport from city centre”为 非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的beaches。这种非限制性定语从句以“名词(代词)+介词+关系代 词”来引导，对非限制性定语从句所修饰的名词作进一步的说明。如：高考考例： I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (06浙江) A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 解析：我被给了三本有关烹调的书，其中第一本我很喜欢。三本中的第一本，应该选用“名词(代词)+介词+关系代词”来引导非限制性定语从句，又介词不和关系代词that连用。答案为B。又如： Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it. There are two buildings ,the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is clever . Lao Wang has three sons, two of whom are working in Beijing.老王有三个儿子，两个在北京工作。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%of which are sold abroad.LL.23331.Since most tennis courts are equipped with lighting facilities, many people often play after dusk in the evening and late into the night. (line 23)由于大部分的网球场都配备有照明设备，许多人常常在黄昏后打球并打到深夜。（1）be equipped with 配备有The soldiers are equipped with weapons. 士兵们配备有武器。 be equipped for 为装备 He is equipped for climbing. 他为爬山装备好了。（2）equip的名词为equipment (不可数)设备，一件设备a piece of equipment 对比：facility(可数)“设施”，复数形式facilities。 例如：运动设备 sports facilities sports equipment（3） lighting (n.) 照明 lightning (n.) 闪电2.Parents and teachers also encourage children to participate in team sports like cricket and various forms of football. (line 27) 父母和老师们也鼓励孩子们参加团队运动比如：板球和各种形式的足球。（1）participate in 参加，此处类似于 take part in; join inattend 出席（会议、讲座、上学） 比较take part in 参加（活动）【注意： 积极参加take an active part in】join加入（团队，组织），成为其中一名成员join in参加（游戏，活动） take 参加（考试、培训、课程学习）（2）various forms of 的各种形式 various 类似于 a variety of ; all kinds of ; all sorts of3.The sport that most of the word calls football is known as soccer in Australia, to distinguish it from footy, which is short for Australian rulers football. (line 28) 世界大部分地区称为足球的运动在澳大利亚被称为英式足球，以区别于简称为footy的澳式足球。（1）distinguish A from Bdistinguish between A and B 把A和B区分开来 例如：The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得太像了以致于很难把他们区分开来。 At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong? 孩子到了什么年龄才能区分对和错呢？类似的结构还有： tell A from B tell the difference between 分辨A和B例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗？It is hard to tell the difference between the two versions.很难分辨出着两个版本有什么区别。（2）be short for 是的缩写形式for short 简称Tom is short for Thomas. That is why a person with the name Thomas is often called Tom for short. Tom 是Thomas的缩写形式，那就是为什么叫Thomas的人常被简称为Tom.。4.Footy is a mix of soccer and rugby, a sport where players hold the ball and run with it.(line30) 澳大利亚式橄榄球运动是足球和橄榄球的混合，一种运动员抱着球跑的运动。 此句中a sport where players hold the ball and run with it 为footy的同位语，其中的sport后面跟一个定语从句，先行词sport 在从句中做状语，所以用关系副词 where也可用 in which。 在定语从句中当先行词为 position；point；case；situation等词且在从句中做状语时，用关系副词where。例如： Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. This is the situation where we can not reach an agreement.I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.5.Rugby, soccer and footy are all rough games and can lead to serious injuries.橄榄球，足球和澳大利亚式橄榄球都是剧烈运动会导致严重的受伤。（1） lead to 导致lead sb. to do 导致某人干某事例如：Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 使用过多的糖会引起健康问题。 Your advice led me to think about it again. 你的建议使我再考虑了一下。表示导致的还有：cause sb to do result in from contribute to(2) lead to sp. 通向某地 lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地 例如：Every road leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 The road will lead you directly to the station. 这条路将直接将你带到车站。LL.34441(L37) 1. graspgrasp/ seize the opportunity of doing sth/ to do sth 抓住机会2（L40） see players dressed all in white 穿衣服的表达：be dressed in 穿着wear 穿；蓄 put/ pull on 穿上/ 匆忙套上 have sth on 穿着 be in 颜色3（L41）up and down 上上下下，来来回回4（L42）while 的用法a. 在期间； 当的时候 Her parents died while she was still at school.b. 与同时 You can go swimming while I am sleeping.c. 而，然而Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.d. 放于句首，表示“尽管”While Im willing to help, I do not have much time available.LL.4558 1. Is Australia a sporting nation? 澳大利亚是不是一个体育之国？(Line 45)sporting: adj. related to or taking part in sports有关体育运动的; 喜欢运动的（置于名词之前） a sporting man 喜欢运动的人 sporting goods 体育运动用品 复习巩固 sport 名词，（各项）运动 Cricket is my favourite sport. 板球是我最喜爱的运动。sportI am fond of outdoor indoor sports. 我喜欢户外室内运动。 sports 名词，（用复数形式）【英】运动会The school sports were postponed till next Saturday.学校运动会延至下星期六。 sport(s) 形容词，（常用复数形式）运动的，运动用的（置于名词之前）a sport(s) event 运动会; sport(s) shoes 运动鞋2. Of course it is, any Australian will tell you. （Line 45）any 用于疑问句、否定句和条件句Do you have any money with you? 你身上可有钱？There wasnt any food in the refrigerator. 冰箱里一点食物都没有。If you have any interesting books, please lend me some. 你若有什么有趣的书，请借给我几本。any 用于肯定句“任何，无论”Come and see me any day next week. 下个礼拜的哪一天都可以来看我。Any child could tell you the difference. 任何一个孩子都能够明白其差异。3. Australia is among the winning nations. (Line 48)winning （only before noun）形容词，“获胜的，赢的”the winning team 胜队； the winning horse 获胜的马win won won 获胜；赢得She won the first prize in the music competition. 她在音乐比赛中获得头等奖。winner 获胜者；得奖人The winner of the race was given a medal. 这场赛跑的优胜者获得一面奖牌。4. in particular 特别地 = particularlyShe loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.她特别喜爱那首歌，因为她母亲过去经常唱。 He is particularly good at mathematics. 他特别擅长数学。particular 形容词，“特别的” He is interested in all subjects, but he has a particular preference for English.他对所有科目都感兴趣，但是对英语尤其偏好。5. compete vi. 竞争，比赛competitor n. 竞争者，竞争对手 (Line 49)competition n. 竞赛，比赛The two teams compete for the championship. 那支队伍要争夺冠军 We produce cheaper goods than our competitors. 我们生产的货品比对手的便宜There is a fierce competition between the three leading travel agencies. 三家主要旅行社之间竞争激烈。6. in total 总共，合计 (Line 50)Our team scored two goals in total in the last two matches.在最后的两场比赛中我们队共计获得两个进球。Totally=completely 完全地，整个地 I agree to your plan totally/completely. 我完全赞同你的计划。7. considering 介词，“考虑到”，表示原因。如果接从句，用considering that/how/whoConsidering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。 Considering that hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂的已经不少了。Taking his age into consideration, he has done very well.考虑到他的年龄，他已经做得相当不错了。8. relatively adv. 相对地，比较地 （ absolutely绝对地，完全地adv. ）Relatively (speaking), it is not important. 相对而言，这并不重要。The drug has relatively few known side effects. 这种药已知的副作用比较少。Compared with pork, chicken is relatively cheap. 和猪肉相比，鸡肉比较便宜。You are absolutely right. 你完全正确。9. impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的；令人钦佩的impress vt. 使（某人）印象深刻impression n. 印象impressionism n. (绘画)印象派，印象主义The book impressed a lot of people. 那本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。Everyone was deeply impressed by at, with his knowledge. 他的学问给大家下了深刻印象。 His behavour left made a bad impression on her. 他的行为给她留下了一个恶劣的印象。Whats your impression of Frank as a boss? 你对身为老板的弗兰克印象如何？Harry Potter is one of the most impressive novels of recent years.哈利波特是近年来给人印象最深刻的小说之一。His early paintings used a style called Impressionism. 他早期的画使用了一种叫做印象派的风格。10. outstanding 杰出的 adj. stand out 突出，引人注目 He is an outstanding person. 他是个杰出的人物。 They were all attractive, but she stood out from the others.她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。11Among the most impressive athletes were the swimmers, but all of the athletes were worthy of praise. (page 15, lines5354) 在这些运动员中间，游泳运动员给人们留下了最深的印象。但是，所有的运动员都值得赞美。 作表语的介词短语或修饰动词的介词短语置于句首，要使用完全倒装。如： On the desk is a book. 桌子上有一本书。 In front of the classroom stands a tall tree. 教室前面有棵大树。高考考例： At the foot of the mountain _. (06四川) A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village解析：一个村子坐落在山脚下，修饰lie作状语的介词短语置于句首，要使用完全倒装。答案为 B。该句相当于：A village lies at the foot of the mountain.worthy后面要用被动形式 值得be worthy of being donebe worthy to be donebe worth doing （worth后面用主动表被动）这个钟不值得修。（3种表达法）The clock isnt worth repairing.The clock isnt worthy of being repaired.The clock isnt worthy to be repaired.上述句子，使用worthwhile 还有2种表达方法：It is worth (your) while to repair the clock.It is worth (your) while repairing the clock.再如：His behavior is worthy of praise ( be worthy of +名词)他的行为值得表扬。His behavior is worthy of being praised.His behavior is worthy of to be praised.12. So, while a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, as far as most of its population is concerned, it is indeed a great sporting nation! (page 15, lines5553) 因此，虽然不直接参加而观看体育比赛的人占了上风；但就大多数人而言，澳大利亚确实是一个伟大的运动之国。 rather than “而不是”，为介词短语，常用来并列前后相同的结构。在很多情况下，后接省 to的不定式。如： On weekends she is busy doing shopping rather than stay at home watching TV. 周末她忙于购物而不呆在家里看电视。 You, rather than the children, should be blamed. 该责备的是你而不是孩子们。He thinks that the quality of goods, rather than the quantity of production, is the key to improving the nations economy. 他认为提高这个国家经济水平的关键不是生产的数量而是物品的质量。 “rather than”和prefer搭配，构成的“