本科生期末论文设计解析《献给爱丽丝的玫瑰》之哥特式爱情的悲与喜.doc

本科生期末论文设计 题 目： 解析献给爱丽丝的玫瑰 之哥特式爱情的悲与喜 学 院： 行 知 学 院 专 业： 英 语 Study on the Lament and Jubilance of Gothic love of A Rose for Emily浙江师范大学本科正文目 录Abstract.2摘要21. Introduction32. A brief introduction of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily33. Introduction of the Gothic Characteristics in Literature44. The Lament and Jubilance of Gothic Love55. Conclusion6Works Cited7Study on the lament and jubilance of Gothic love A Rose for Emily Abstract:William Faulkner was a towering figure in American literature during the first half of the 20th century. Faulkner was particularly noted for the eloquent richness of his prose style and for the unique blend of tragedy and humor in his works. His novels have a stunning emotional impact and his characters are highly memorable. A Rose for Emily written by American writer William Faulkner is regarded as the representative work of southern gothic fiction of America. The story writes Miss Emilys tragic life and its full of suspense and intensely interesting. The character is curious, unique，special and the plot is deserted. The theme is death. And the gothic characteristics were reflected in the novel and because of these gothic characteristics the author expresses his complicated feeling precisely and fully. The significance of the study is to share personal opinions about the novel and understand this novel better and express some new enlightenment and thinking of gothic characteristics in literature.Key words: Gothic Style, love, death, forever, truth解析献给爱丽丝的玫瑰之哥特式爱情的悲与喜 摘 要：威廉福克纳是20世纪中叶美国文学史上伟大人物之一。在福克纳作品中丰富雄辩的散文风格和独特的悲剧幽默是最大特色。他的小说有着惊人的影响力以及让人难以释怀的情感。福克纳的著作献给艾米丽的玫瑰花被视为美国南方哥特式小说的杰作。这部小说讲述了爱米丽小姐悲惨的一生，充满悬疑，耐人寻味。主人公独一无二，严肃又特殊的形象，在荒芜的南部大家族没落之地，死亡便是永恒的主题。故事献给艾米丽的玫瑰花的很多方面都体现了哥特式特点或风格，并且因为它的哥特式特点作者才充分地，准确地表达了他当时复杂的感情。本文通过对这部小说的了解见解，分析艾米丽在哥特式爱情的悲与喜。关键词：哥特式风格；真爱；死亡；永恒；真相Study on the lament and jubilance of Gothic love of A Rose for Emily 1. IntroductionWilliam Faulkner is one of the most distinguish writer in American literature. He was born and lived in the South, which influenced him greatly, therefore, most of his works described the people and their lives in the South. As the appearance of Faulkner, the South appeared the literary glories of “the South Renaissance”, which ever was called “the literary desert.(Yu Jianhua, The Second Prosperous of American Literature, 460).He invented a county and a town in his imagination, and he wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old, decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of “poor whites”; and the Negroes who labored for both of them. His major works included Sartoris, The Unvanquished, The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, The Town and A Rose for Emily (Laurence B.Holland, The Norton Anthology of American Literary, 534-537).This paper discusses the Gothic characteristics of A Rose for Emily on several angles, and it is divided into four parts. In the first part, it introduces the William Faulkner and his A Rose for Emily briefly and points out the aim and the significance of the study. In the second part it introduces the gothic characteristics in literature. In the third part which is the most important part, it points out that the author uses gothic characteristics in A Rose for Emily. In the last part, it concludes that the lament and jubilance of Gothic love. The author combines gothic characteristics with the realistic content successfully and expresses his complicated feeling precisely because of using gothic characteristics. 2. A brief introduction of William Faulkners A Rose for EmilyPublished in 1930, A Rose for Emily was one of the best known and the most widely read novel among William Faulkners short stories. The title is an allegorical title, the meaning was, here was a woman who has had a tragedy, an irrevocable tragedy and nothing could be done about it, and I pitied her and this was a salute to a woman you would hand a rose. (Cristina Blanco Outn , Introduccion a la narrative breve de William Faulkner). The story took place in a mythical town that William Faulkner called Jefferson, Mississippi. The story happened at the period of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the town was learning to live with Souths loss in the Civil War and the consequent dismantling of the slavery-based society that had preceded it. Because of the loss in the Civil War, people in the south led a poor life. Especially the white people, their life suddenly become poor because most of the slaves went to the north to work for the northern industry，so the white people couldnt get accustomed to the life change in a short time, but they still pretended to be noble and kept their familys dignity (Howard Clin cotton, American History, 30). The story described a white woman, Emilys tragic life under the Souths loss in the Civil War. Emilys life was strongly dominated by her father, and she had no right to date with males and choose her lover. After her fathers death, she could only date with a northern worker. But to her disappointment, the worker refused to marry her, and the refusal drove her to kill him by using poison, and she let his body company her. After Emilys death, the town people discovered a skeleton in the house, and found out that the poor Emily was a murder, and people were shocked by the discovery. Thematically, this short story is not as simple as it seems. The conflicts in the story can be interpreted on different levels. On the superficial level, it was a murder story with gothic characteristics. It described an eccentric woman who lived in her old decaying mysterious house that other people had not visited for decades, and, of course, a dead body in the house finally was discovered after so many years. On another level, the story can be read as a conflict between the South and the North with Emily representing the declining South and Homer Barron representing the North. On a deeper level, the story explores the inner world of a human being, or the inner struggle in the human heart.3. Introduction of the Gothic Characteristics in Literature The word “Goth” came from the name of a Germanic tribe. The Gothic novel was the first emergence of Gothic literature, and was sometimes referred to as the Gothic romance. These kinds of novels were characterized by elements of horror, suspense and mystery. Gothic novels attempted to find understanding through exploring the darker side of life. They often contained ruined old buildings, wild landscapes, good and handsome heroes, terrified heroines and, of course, an evil character. Southern Gothic literature is a more recent Gothic subgenre, where tales are set in the American South. The characteristics of Southern Gothic writing include use of the ironic, unusual, absurd or supernatural. Unlike previous forms of Gothic writing, Southern Gothic authors dont do this purely for suspense or entertainment, but rather to explore the topics of social change and unrest in the Southern states. Protagonists in Southern Gothic literature tend not to conform to stereotypes. They are usually flawed and often grotesque. The so-called “Gothic Revival appeared in aspects of architecture and literature during eighteenth century to nineteenth century, which was the gloomy and depressed tone in middle age. In a short, the novels with the gothic characteristics reveal a mysterious, horrible, depressed and gloomy atmosphere. Since the 18th century, the gothic characteristics had been used in the literary works popularly, and there are many famous novels with the gothic characteristics, such as Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights，Notre Dame de Paris, A Rose for Emily and so on. A Rose for Emily is especially the most representative work of gothic fiction.4. The Lament and Jubilance of Gothic LoveWhen talk about William Faulkners A Rose for Emily. We may think that, of course, the novel is a tragedy. At Emilys times, women were controlled by men strongly. Before marriage, women were controlled by fathers, so they had no right to choose their lovers or partners. Emily couldnt go out to make friends as often as she can, and her father thought theres no man whos good enough to match his daughter in their town, so she was still single when she was thirty years old. When her father died, she depended on her father so much that she was not wiling to bury his father. After his fathers death, she had no courage to face the outside world alone, so she went outside seldom, and her neighbors were curious about her life and guessed how her life was going from her and her servants actions. And then the Northern worker Homer appeared and Emily was attracted by him, and Emily was too lonely and empty, and she was eager to his company, but to her disappointment, he refused to marry her. She knew that she couldnt control his life when he was alive, so she decided to kill him. In order to own him forever, Emily killed him by using drug. To a large extent, Emilys life was deeply affected by her fathers control, even ruined by her father. If theres no her fathers strong control, she might get married at the right time and certainly she wouldnt make her lover company by killing him. All of these contributed to the tragedy of Emily. However, on the other hand we may see Emily was bold, resolute and she was pursuitting for freedom. Actually, she was an unrealistic stubborn woman. She did not want to dispose of her fathers body, and “She told them that her father was not dead.” (William Faulkner, 106) Ignoring the law, she refused to pay the taxes and repeated that “I have no taxes in Jefferson.” Moreover, she asked the officials to get explanation from Colonel Sartoris, who ever remitted her taxes. It seemed that she did not know Colonel Sartoris was dead before ten years. “It can be believed that her refusal to pay the taxes symbolizes the refusal to accept the changed society to some extent.”(Zhu Zhenwu, Study on Foreign Literature, 34). She took pain to keep her superior, dignity and the southern fair lady impression. And it indicated people in the south led a poor life and Souths loss. Most of the slaves went to the north to work for the northern industry，so the white people couldnt get accustomed to the life change in a short time, but they still pretended to be noble and kept their familys dignity (Howard Clin cotton, American History, 30)5. ConclusionWith the analysis of A Rose for Emily, we know the author Faulkner expresses his complicated feeling for the Souths loss precisely by using gothic characteristics. Faulkner express his feeling by writing Emilys twisted character to shows his complaint for the backward system and decayed thought of the South. Faulkner showed Emilys efforts to hold to the south tradition and her suffering in facing the conflicts between the South plantation system and the North industrialization. Emily was clearly not a sick or twisted woman but a woman that was fighting for her right to live and be happy as much as she could. At the same time, we can see a vivid picture about the miserable life of the southern people after the Civil War. So A Rose for Emily shows us the perfect combination between gothic characteristic and realistic content. It give us the lament and jubilance of gothic love. Faulkner fills the gothic style accords with the environment of the decline of the south. Beside this, he ills the gothic style with the realis