英语省略句.doc

英语省略句省略句的定义：省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句，例如：My brother smokes, but I dont (smoke).我的兄弟有抽烟，而我不抽烟。上面的例子省略了smoke避免了词汇重复，使得语言表达更加简洁，而不影响交际功能。省略句的分类：语篇省略和情景省略有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略。Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city).上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。(I am) Glad to see you.见到你真高兴。根据句子的结构可以分为简单句的省略、并列句的省略和复合句的省略。简单句的省略：We have lived here (for) ten years.我们在这儿已经住了10年了。并列句的省略：My room is on the fifth floor, and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。复合句的省略：When (he was) still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home.鲍勃才6岁时就被送出家门。简单句的省略(1)：不定式的省略Will you join us? 你要同我们一道去吗？I should love to (join you). 我愿意。The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to.那个男孩想要到街道上骑自行车，但是他的妈妈叫他不要去。Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?爱丽斯，你昨天为什么没来？I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来是要来的，但是家里突然来了一个客人。简单句的省略(2)：介词的省略We have lived here (for) ten years.我们在这儿已经住了10年了。但是在否定句中，此类for不能省略。I havent seen you for three months.我已经三个月没有见到你了。You will never manage successful (in) that way.你用那种做法是永远不会成功的。Its no use (in) crying.哭也没用。They spent a large sum of money (in) building the tower.他们花费大量钱财用于建造那座塔。但是。当spend money (time) in doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时，in不能省略。A large sum of money was spent in building the tower.建造那座塔花费大量钱财。The train is going (at) fifty miles an hour.火车正以每小时五十英里的速度行驶。介词的省略 We have lived here (for) ten years. 我们在这儿已经住了10年了。但是在否定句中，此类for不能省略。并列句的省略：在并列句中，省略是最常见的。一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。My room is on the fifth floor, and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。I came at right but Henry (came) at nine.我在八点来，但是亨利在九点来。To some life is pleasure, and to others (life is) suffering.对一些人来说，生活是一种享受；而对另一些人来说，生活是一种折磨。在简单句的并列结构中，也常采用省略的做法：You may go by land or (by) water.你从陆路去或从水路去都可以。状语从句的省略(1)：状语从句常可用when, while, if, although等从属连词的后面直接加上过去分词或ing形式，从而省略从句中的其他成分。复合句的省略When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。Although hard-working, he couldnt earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。状语从句的省略(2)：从属连词 + 形容词When ripe, the grapes will be delicious.当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃。Though young, he had to live on himself.虽然年纪轻轻，但他只得养活自己。从属连词 + 介词短语 /副词When in doubt, please consult a dictionary.有疑问的时候，就请查询字典。Once inside, begin to work.一进去，就开始工作。从属连词 + 名词Though a young man, he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人，他已经有好几个发明了。When (he was) still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home.鲍勃才6岁时就被送出家门。定语从句的省略：如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，这个关系代词可以省略。Here is the man (whom) youve been looking for.这位就是你一直在找的人。Hes the man (who/ that) you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。There are many plays (that) Id like to see.有很多话剧我想看。宾语从句的省略：引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。I hope (that) youll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。Now scientists warn that if not under control, the unseen energy waves, electric smog, may be hazardous to our health.现在科学家警告说，有一种肉眼看不到的能波，即电子烟尘，如果不加以控制，可能危害人类的健康。省略句 主句的省略：有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中，例如：A: You all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？B: Yes, except that the conclusion is too long. 是的，只是结尾太仓促。补充：宾语从句中的省略：1. 在宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。2. 由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：He told me (that) he was ill and that he couldnt go to work the next day.I know that the NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I dont know when.虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，如含有had,were,should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。如： Should it rain tomorrow,you would have to put off your tour.动词不定式中的省略：在同一句话或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to.如： -I will be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all.I would be happy to.定语从句中的省略： 定语从句中可以省略用作宾语的关系代词。另外way作为先行词，在定语从句中作方式状语，可以省略that或in which.如： This is the best film (that) I have ever seen in my life.I dont like the way (in which或that) he looks on the matter.状语从句中的省略：在以when,while,if,as if,though(although),as,whether,once等连词引导的状语从句中，常常省略与主句相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be代词。如： When (it is) completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.Unless (it is) necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.并列句中的省略：在并列句中，后面的分句可以省略与前面的分句中相同的成分，如： Tom must hav