人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit10BythetimeIgotoutsidethebushadalreadyleft期末知识梳理.doc

人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit 10 By the time I got outside the bus had already left期末知识梳理重要词汇解析1.rush v. 奔；使仓促行动【经典例句】 The children rushed out of the school gate after school.放学后，孩子们争先恐后得跑出学校大门。与rush构成的句型：rush away (off/out）to do sth.冲出去做某事rush sth.through匆忙处理rush sb.使某人仓促行动2.lock v. 锁；锁上【经典例句】 Lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.亡羊补牢。【考点聚焦】 1）词组 lock sb.in (out）意思是“把某人锁在里面（外面）”。如：After the quarrel, she locked herself in the room and her husband out.争吵后，她把自己锁在房间里，把她丈夫锁在外面。2）keep sth.locked 意思是“使某物一直锁着”。如：You must keep the box locked.你必须让这个箱子一直是锁着的。3）put sth.under lock and key意为“妥善保管某物”。如：You must put this document under luck and key.你必须妥善保管这份文件。3.fool v.& n. 愚弄；欺骗【经典例句】 If you go on fooling with that gun,there will be an accident.如果你继续玩弄那枪，就会发生意外。【考点聚焦】 1）fool可以作动词使用。如：He fooled her out her money.他骗走了她的钱。2）fool作名词时，是“愚人、呆子”的意思。如：make a fool of sb.愚弄某人，an April fool 一个愚人节被愚弄的人3)其形容词形式是 foolish，意思是“愚蠢的”。如：How foolish of you to do that.做那件事情你真傻。4.describe v. 描述【经典例句】 Words can not describe the beauty of the scene.这美景无法用语言描述。【考点聚焦】 固定搭配：1）describe sth.for(to）sb.将某事描述给某人Can you describe it for me?你能把它描述给我听吗？2）describe as 说（某人或某物）有某种性质He described himself as a doctor.他称他自己是个医生。5.convince v. 使相信【经典例句】 Im convinced of his honesty.我深信他的诚实。【考点聚焦】 1）掌握词组convince sb.of 使某人相信We couldnt convince him of his mistake.我们无法使他明白他的错误。2）其形容词形式是convincing，意思是“令人信服的”。如：His words are convincing.他的话令人信服。6.marry v. 结婚【经典例句】 She dreamed to marry off all her daughters.她梦想把她的女儿都嫁出去。【考点聚焦】 1)“嫁给某人；娶了某人”用 marry sb.来表示，一定记住不需要加 to。2)固定搭配get married 结婚 ；marry with跟某人结婚。7.thrill v. 激动；使非常激动【经典例句】 The film thrilled the audience.电影给观众带来很大刺激。【考点聚焦】 1）形容词thrilling意思是“刺激的”。如：There was a thrilling finish to the end.最后一段，非常紧张刺激。2）thrill也可用作名词，意为 “激动”。如：It gave her quite a thrill to shake hands with the princess.同公主握手使她倍感兴奋。8.embarrassing adj. 令人为难的【经典例句】 Lending money is an embarrassing problem.借给别人钱是个令人为难的问题。【考点聚焦】 记住embarrassed与embarrassing的区别：embarrassed形容人的感受，embarrassing修饰事情。如：His embarrassing words made everyone embarrassed.他那令人窘迫的话使每个人都感到窘迫。He stays embarrassed by lack of money.他因缺钱而窘迫。重点句型汇总1、leave sth. at home 把某物忘在家里2、be late for school 上学迟到3、give sb. a ride 搭便车4、invite sb. to a costume party 邀请某人参加化妆舞会5、be/get married (to sb) (与)结婚6、convince sb of sth. 使某人明白某事7、play a joke(trick) on sb 和开玩笑；捉弄某人8、rush to do sth 匆匆做某事交际用语 1By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone3By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5Have you ever overslept?6Have you ever been late for school?重要语法 过去完成时态【课文讲解】1.Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive 是I have的缩写，have been late是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have / has动词过去分词。例如：I have been here since 1999自1999年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan for 20 years我们已经在济南住了20年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years她已2年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：Dont be late for the meeting开会别迟到了。Jim was late for school again吉姆上学又迟到了。Tom has been late for classes twice.汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。2.My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。与go有关的词组还有：（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：She goes in for birdwatching她爱好赏鸟。（2）go on“进行，继续”。例如：Please go on请继续。（3）go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做”。例如：He went on working without having a rest他一直工作，没停下来休息过。（4）go over“调查，视察；越过”。例如：You must go over your lessons before the exam考试前你必须复习。3.and I had to wait for him to come out我不得不等他出来。（1）have to 意为“必须，不得不”。例如：Do you have to take the test?你必须考试吗？Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。辨析：have to 与must这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：It is raining, we have to stay at home.天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。We must work hard我们必须努力工作。Lucy doesnt have to stand露茜不必站着。You mustnt play in the street你不能在街道上玩。（2）wait 是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb“等某人”，wait to do sth“等着做某事”，wait for sb to do sth“等某人做某事”。例如：Who are you waiting for?你在等谁？They cant wait to open the presents他们迫不及待地打开礼物。You can wait for him to help you你可以等着他帮你。4.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）unlucky（不幸的），use（用）useful（有用的），forget（忘记）forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）unfit（不合适的），fair （公平的）unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）unknown（不闻名的）等。5.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。（1）come by 意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：Please let the car come by请让车过去。Good jobs are not easy to come by好工作不容易找到。与come有关的其他词组：come out”出来；开花；出版”。例如：The moon has come out月亮出来了。Its too cold for the flowers to come out天太冷了，花不开了。come about”发生，产生”。例如：Tell me how the accident came about告诉我事情是怎么发生的。come across“（偶然）发现，遇见”。例如：I came across his name on the list我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。come after”继之后，接而来”。例如：Sunday comes after Saturday星期天在星期六之后。come back”回来”。例如：When did he come back?他什么时候回来的？come to oneself”苏醒，醒过来”。例如：At last, he came to himself最后他醒了。come from”来自”。例如：Julia comes from Australia朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。（2）give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如：Can you give me a ride, Jack?杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？I want to get a ride.我想搭个便车。6.I only just made it to my class我恰好到教室。make it 意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：Have you got the job?你得到那份工作了吗？Yes, I made it是的，我成功了。7.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？（1）辨析：forget to do 与forget doingforget to do 指的是“忘了去做”，即该事还未做；而forget doing 则指“忘了做了”，即该事已经做完。例如：Dont forget to turn off lights when you go out出去时别忘了关灯。Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again对不起，我又忘了带书来了。Lucy forgot locking the door露茜忘了已锁了门了。Tom forgot turning off TV汤姆忘了关了电视了。（2）辨析：bring, takebring 意为“把拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take 意为“把拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：Please bring my English book here.请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。You cant take these magazines home.你不能把这些杂志拿回家。8.What happened to David on April Fools Day?愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？（1）happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。例如：What happened to you?你怎么了？What happened to Jim?吉姆出什么事了？（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：表示“在节”用介词on；表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；一般用复数名词的所有格，如：Teachers Day 教师节，Childrens Day 儿童节，Womens Day 妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：Mothers Day 母亲节，Fathers Day 父亲节等。例如：Do you often go to parks on Childrens Day?你们儿童节经常去公园吗？What do you usually do on New Years Day?新年你们通常干什么？Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fools Day?你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？9.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole countryWelles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。（1）So that句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此以至于”egThis book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so形容词）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so副词）Sothat引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此以至于”的模式来译成汉语。egIt was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。（2）so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。egThey set out early so that they might arrive in time他们早早地出发以便按时到达。Lets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。（3）set off 意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：Theyll set off on a journey around the world他们将要出发环球旅行。Use blue eyeshadow to set off your green eyes用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。【典型考题】阅读理解Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals(哺乳动物).They live in groups and speak to each other in their own language. But they are quite different from almost all land animals. Their brain(大脑）is as big as mens and they live a long lifeat least 20 or 30 years.Like some animals, dolphins use sounds to help them find their way around. They also use these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. They do not use their ears to receive sounds, but use the jawthe lower part of the mouth.It is strange that dolphins are friendly to men, and for thousands of years, there are many stories about dolphins and men. In the 19th century, in a dangerous part of the sea near New Zealand, there was a dolphin. The seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name Jack. From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. In 1903 a passenger on a boat with the name Penguin shot and hurt Jack. Luckily the dolphin didnt die, and after a long time he was well again. He guided the ships through the area for nine more years, but he refused to help the boat The Penguin.Today, some people still kill dolphins, but many countries in the world now protect them. In these places, people are not allowed to kill them.1.The word “jaw” in the second paragraph means in Chinese.A.下颚 B.嘴巴 C.嘴唇 D.鼻子思路解析：本题是词义推测题。根据文中对jaw的解释the lower part of the mouth可判断出只有A项含有“下”(lower)的意义。故不能选B、C、D项。答案为A项。温馨提示：本题有一处陷阱，即对jawthe lower part of the mouth意义的正确理解。给考生造成干扰，从而误选B或C项。2.How do dolphins find their way?A. They use their noses to smell the way.B. They use their ears to hear the sounds.C. They use their eyes to see the way.D. They use sounds to find the way.思路解析：本题是细节理解题。此题题意是问“海豚是怎样探路的？”。根据文中 “.dolphins use sounds to help them find their way around.”的信息可知答案为D项。故不能选A、B、C项。温馨提示：本题的陷阱有二。一是在于我们所熟悉的动物探路的方式：A(蚂蚁的探路方式)，B(多种动物的探路方式)，C(人的方式)，这些方式给考生造成“先入为主”的干扰，从而误选A、B或C项；二是选项B对正确答案的干扰，文中并没有具体说明是用耳朵探路。3.Who was Jack?A. The writer. B. A dolphin. C. A seaman. D. The passenger.思路解析：本题也是细节理解题。此题题意是问“杰克是谁？”。根据文中的信息“.there was a dolphin.The seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name Jack.”可知The dolphin is Jack.故不能选A、C、D项。答案为B项。温馨提示：在阅读文章时，不仅要注意有整体把握和理解文章主旨大意的能力，还要注意培养善于捕捉细节信息的能力。因此在阅读测试中，细节题占了相当一部分。4.The dolphin guided the ships for about .A.32 years B.9 years C.41 years D.23 years思路解析：本题是数字换算题。本题的考点是“杰克为轮船导航多少年？”。从文中“From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.”和“He guided the ships through the area for nine more years”这两句及其他信息，我们可换算出32+9=41。故答案为C项。温馨提示：此类问题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准要比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”“推算法”等。5.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT right?A. Dolphins are not fish.B. Dolphins dont live in groups.C. Dolphins are kind and friendly to people.D. Dolphins can live a long life.思路解析：本题是依据细节的推理判断题。短文的第一句就说明了A项是正确的；第二句说明B项是不正确的；从整篇短文我们可以推断出C项是正确的；从句子“Their brain is as big as mens and they live a long life at least 20 or 30 years.”所包含的信息可知D项也是正确的，故不能选A、C、D项。答案为B项。温馨提示：本题有二处陷阱。一是所问问题的理解。有的考生没有认真审题，忽视NOT这个单词，从而误选了A、C、D项中的一项。二是受句子“.but he refused to help the boat The Penguin.”的误导、干扰，从而误选C项。【语法详解】过去完成时态过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间以前已经发生了的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。构成过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。用法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。主要表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况（也可说是“过去的过去”）。与by、before等构成的短语连用。陈述句主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)过去分词They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。从句中arrived at到达在“过去”的时间，而had already had吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。如：I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。She had searched the Internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldnt make any mistakes.我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。否定句主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+not过去分词He said that he had not seen such a beautiful bird before.他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。疑问句助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+主语过去分词？How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？Had you reached the station before ten oclock?到十点以前，你们已经到达火车站了吗？注：如果时间状语从句的动作发生在前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。如：When he had finished his work, he left his office.After I had done my homework, I went to bed.【中考连线】1.找出左边词组的释义1）rush sth.through a. busy hours, usually crowded2）rush sb. b.handle sth.quickly3）rush hours c.make sb.hurry to do sth.答案：1）b 2）c 3）a2.用fool的适当形式填空Everyone is not .So dont try to anyone.答案：foolish, fool3.用thrilled, thrilling填空Im at the news.答案：thrilled，thrilling4.判断下列各句中go off的意思1）Sorry, the clothes you want have gone off.2）In summer, meat is easy to go off.3）Listen! The clock is going off.答案： 1）卖完 2）变质 3）闹响同步测试题一、根据句意用适当的形式填空 1-Tom, what happened to you?-I _(睡过头). And I was late for school.2My friend Tom and his dad came by in his dads car and they gave me a _(搭车3. Dont forget a dentists _（约定）.4. After the policeman pulled the two boys out of the water, he felt _(精疲力竭).5. The president of America _（宣布）that the war in Iraq had stopped.6. _(四分之三) of the books are written in English.7. Mr. Li is speaking to the foreigners who are _（德国人）.8. My father went to Germany on _（生意）last week.二、用所给词的正确形式填空1. By the time I got up, my father had already _(get) in the shower.2. Listen! Someone is _(take) a shower.3. When she got to class, the teacher _(start) teaching already.4. The famous actor was so _(convince) that hundred of people believe what he said.5. Hearing the news, thousands of people _(flee) from their homes.6. A reporter announced that all the spaghetti across the country had been_(buy).7. _(Egypt) use the same greeting as everyone else.8. They are from Singapore. They are _(Singapore).9. The boys speak Chinglish, their _(mix) of Chinese and English.10. All of us know languages are always _(change).三、单项选择1. By the end of last year they _ thousands of orange trees on the mountains.A. had planted B. have planted C. were planting D. would plant2. She is very pleased to see _ beautiful flowers.A. such B. much C. so D. very3. He _ his bag in the library this morning.A. forgot B. lost C. had left D. left4. The match _ already _ when we _ there.A. has, begun, get B. will, start, get C. had, started, got D. have, get, reach5. Would you please help us _?A. with our cleaning B. with our clean C. for our cleaning D. for our clean6. Last Tuesday was my birthday. All of my best friends _.A. showed up B. handed up C. came up D. stayed up7. So many people believed the story, and panic _ across the whole country.A. set off B. put off C. gave off D. saw off8. When she was thirty years old, she really wanted to get _.A. married B. marrying C. to marry D. marry9. My little nephew is too young to get _.A. dressing B. to dress C. dressed D. dress10. Today, a quarter of the worlds population uses English, and as _ as one billion people are learning it.A. much B. many C. more D. most 11. New types of English are common _ English is spoken.A. wherever B. whenever C. whatever D. where12. It might be difficult _ what new English speakers are saying.A. to understand B. understanding C. understood D. understand四、完形填空Mrs. Brown had a young cat. And it was the cats first winter. One evening it was outside when it began to snow heavily. Mrs. Brown _1_ everywhere and shouted its name, but she didnt _2_ it. So she telephoned the police and said: “I have lost a small black cat. Has _3_ found one?” “No, madam,” said the policeman _4_ the other end, “But cats are really very strong animals. They _5_ live for days in the snow, and _6_ it melts or somebody finds them, they are quite _7_.”Mrs. Brown felt happier when she heard this. “And,” she said, “our cat is very _8_. She can _9_ talks.” The policeman was getting very tired. “Well, then,” “Why dont you put your telephone _10_? Perhaps she is trying to telephone you now.”1. A. looked around B. looked after C. looked up D. looked out2. A. find B. search C. look for D. find out3. A. some body B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody4. A. in B. at C. by D. on5. A. some time B. some times C. sometimes D. sometime6. A. because B. until C. when D. for7. A. not right B. all right C. wrong D. all wrong8. A. foolish B. happy C. clever D. young9. A. hardly B. already C. never D. almost10. A. up B. down C. over D. below五、阅读理解Nearly all our food comes from the soil. Some of us eat meat, of course, but animals live on plants. If there were no plants, we would have no animals and no meat. So the soil is very necessary for life. 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