山东省菏泽市中考英语总复习 语法十 非谓语动词课件.ppt

菏泽语法十非谓语动词 考点1动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 否定形式是在不定式前加not 动词不定式具有动词的特点 可以有自己的宾语和状语 但没有人称与数的变化 在句中也不能作谓语 动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语 1 作主语动词不定式作主语时 可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语 把动词不定式后置 常构成 it be adj forsb 动词不定式 it simportant forus toprotecttheenvironment 对我们来说 保护环境很重要 2 作表语myjobistoteachenglish 我的工作是教英语 3 作宾语或宾语补足语 接todo作宾语的动词或短语有want begin start love forget remember teach decide agree seem wouldlike plan等 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask tell invite allow want wish encourage等 在使役动词make let have和感官动词see feel notice look smell等的后面作宾语补足语时 不定式符号to要省略 help后的不定式可带to也可不带 makesb dosth 的被动语态必须加tomakesb dosth 中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 但是变为被动语态时 不定式符号to要还原 4 作定语ihavealotofhomeworktodo 我有许多家庭作业要做 动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系 如果不定式是不及物动词 其后要有相关的介词 thecatiseasytotakecareof 这只猫很容易照顾 5 作状语mrs wangwenttoshanghaitoseeherdaughter 王太太去上海看她女儿 目的 we regladtomeetyouhere 我们很高兴在这儿见到你 原因 heistootiredtoworkon 他太累了不能继续工作了 结果 6 疑问词 动词不定式 结构疑问词who what when where how which等后接动词不定式 在句中作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语等 theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo 老师正告诉学生们做什么 hedidn tknowwheretogo whereheshouldgo 他不知道去哪里 7 含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too to 太 而不能 whydon tyoudosth 为什么不做某事 hadbetterdosth 最好做某事prefertodosth ratherthandosth 宁愿做某事 而不愿做某事makesb dosth 让某人去做某事bemadetodosth 被迫做某事 1 2017 齐齐哈尔中考 ittakesmehalfanhour playingthepiano howaboutyou iusuallyspend20minutes it a practicing onb topractice inc topractice on c 2 2017 绥化中考 myparentshavealotofhousework a dob todoc doing3 2017 齐齐哈尔中考 itisrainingoutside whynot anumbrella a totakeb takec taking b b 4 asavolunteer thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital themup a tocheerb cheerc cheeringd cheered5 hefounditimportant thesituationallovertheworld a studyb tostudyc studiesd tobestudied a b 6 2017 南充中考 mario yourmobilephoneisringing waitaminute it sdangerousforus itwhilecrossingthestreet a answeringb toanswerc answerd answered b 7 2017 宜宾中考 thechildiscrying pleasedosomethingtomakehim a stoptocryb stopcryingc tostopcrying b 8 2017 天津中考 weonlyplanned theplayforanhour butintheend westayedforthreehours a watchb watchesc towatchd watched9 yourfatherissleeping you dbetter a notwakeuphimb nottowakeuphimc notwakehimupd nottowakehimup c c 10 2017 河南中考 wheneverwekidscomeover auntiesusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus surewedon tbreakanything a makeb madec tomaked making c 11 hi betty shallwegoswimmingthatday sorry ihavealotofhomework thissunday a todob donec dod tobedone a 12 2017 长春中考 chineseculture manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear a spreadingb tospreadc spreadsd spread b 13 2017 郴州中考 whatshallwedothisweekend we lldrivetodongjianglake boating a togob goc going14 2017 海南中考 aftertwohours drive thedriverdecided andhavearest a stopb tostopc stopping a b 15 2017 扬州中考 momdoesallthehouseworksothatsarahcantakethetime herwordsonpaper a putb puttingc toputd puts16 themeetingroomisbigenough onehundredpeople a holdingb holdc toholdd holds c c 考点2动名词动名词由 动词原形 ing 构成 与现在分词同形 动名词既有动词的性质 可有宾语和状语 也有名词的性质 可作主语 宾语 表语或定语 1 动名词常用结构 只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid consider enjoy feellike finish mind practice suggest bebusydoing begoodatdoing beinterestedindoing can thelpdoing giveupdoing makealiving by doing putoffdoing等 have n in doinghavefun in doing havetrouble in doing haveahardtime in doing haveproblems difficulties in doing等 todoing结构 to是介词be getusedtodoing lookforwardtodoing payattentiontodoing preferdoingtodoing等 2 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词 但表达的意义不同 17 haveyouforgotten 1 000frommelastmonth willyoupleaseremember ittomorrow a borrowing tobringb toborrow tobringc borrowed bringingd borrowing bringing a 18 2017 龙东中考 wouldyoumind here ofcoursenot i ll mycigaretteatonce a notsmoking putawayb notsmoking putoutc nottosmoke putoff b 19 everyonethinkstheproblemishard buthehasnodifficulty theproblem a workingoutb havingworkedoutc tohaveworkedoutd toworkout a 20 2017 黄冈中考 nowadayslotsofproductsfromchinaareverypopularintheworld yeah manypeoplecanhardlyavoid productsmadeinchina a tobuyb buyingc boughtd buy b 21 mybrotherkeeps mewithmywork a tohelpb helpc helpingd helped22 i veenjoyed totakewithyou a tobeableb beingablec tobeenabled ofbeingable c b 23 mr wangcameintotheofficewithout thedoor a knockb knockingatc toknockatd knockingto24 2017 重庆中考 daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes hishomeworkontime a dob didc doesd doing b d 25 2017 渝北中考 therearesomepeople soccerinthepark a playb playsc playingd toplay c 26 2017 常州中考 whydoesn tthesurgeonstop lunch becauseheistoobusy adyingpatientintheoperationroom a tohave tosaveb having tosavec tohave savingd having saving c 27 2017 淮安中考 theresearchhedevoteshimselfto thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant a helpingb tohelpc helpd helped a 考点3现在分词现在分词由 动词原形 ing 构成 表示主动 进行意义 还具有形容词的作用 可在句中作表语 定语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语等 thecryinggirlcan tfindhermother 那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了 定语 thestoryisinteresting 这个故事很有趣 表语 isawhimstudyingintheclassroom 我看到他正在教室里学习 宾语补足语 studyinghard youwillpasstheexam 只要你努力学习 就会通过考试 状语 28 2017 龙东中考 isawjim intothatnewbuildingjustnow oh it sournewlibrary it tothepublicforaweek a walk hasopenedb walking hasbeenopenc walking hasopened b 29 iheardhim anenglishsongwhenipassedhisroomlastnight a singb singingc sungd tosing b 30 2016 衡阳中考 thenovelisgreat it swellworth a readb readsc reading c 考点4过去分词 1 由 动词原形 ed 构成 表示被动 完成意义 在句中作表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语等 sheisverytired 她很疲劳 表语 theboyworeapairoffadedjeans 那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤 定语 shefoundthevillagegreatlychanged 她发现这个村庄变化很大 宾语补足语 2 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系 表示该动作的主动或者进行 asleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水asurprisinglook一个令人吃惊的表情 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 表示被动关系或者已经完成 thenovelwrittenbyluxu