新标准大学英语综合教程4课后翻译答案.doc

Unit 3时装潮流50年 1960 至2010 年间的时装史存在着两个不可忽略或不可低估的不变因素一是无处不在的牛仔裤二是女装裙摆的升降。 牛仔裤是用粗斜纹布做的早在16 世纪末法国就有了这种布料。直到19 世纪中叶李维施特劳斯发现在加州淘金热中劳动的矿工很需要用这种耐用布料做成的牛仔裤他还用铆钉来加固裤子。直到1950 年代蓝色粗斜纹布做的牛仔裤一直只是流行的工装但是后来牛仔裤变成了青春、新思想、反叛及个性的标志。1950 年代末李维施特劳斯公司开始向欧亚出口蓝色牛仔裤。年轻人趋之若鹜视其为美国活力四射的、随意的生活方式的象征。 裙摆在这一时期有着特殊的意义。人们时常会注意到女人的裙摆和经济之间存在一种颇为精确的关联性且鲜有例外。股市升时裙摆也跟着上升股市跌时裙摆就跟着下降。在经济繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少暴露双腿至今仍然是个迷。但总的趋势是必定是这样的每当经济前景不明朗时男人和女人都倾向于穿比较保守的衣服。 1960 年代时装史上一个最重要的发展就是英国时装设计师玛丽匡特发明的超短裙。由于匡特在“摇摆伦敦”的中心地带工作超短裙很快就风行全球。当法国杰出的时装设计师库雷热把超短裙变成一件高级时装时超短裙得到了人们更多的尊敬。但是如果只有长筒袜而没有发明裤袜的话超短裙是不可能在全球流行的因为裙摆的上升会让人看见长筒袜的袜口。 60 年代中、70 年代初的嬉皮士运动影响了牛仔裤的设计牛仔裤的裤腿发展成了扩张的“喇叭形”。到了70 年代中期随着经济的恶化裙摆降低到了小腿中部和脚踝部而牛仔裤则不再是清一色的蓝色了。 牛仔裤在朋克时期依然很时髦裤腿通常有撕裂的口子并配有铁链及打着装饰钉的皮带。这种样式的牛仔裤延续了几年但流行的范围越来越小仅限于内城区的少数年轻人群体对其他年龄段的群体影响不大。 作为对朋克无政府主义的一种抗拒新浪漫派是一个主要出现在英国夜总会的时装潮流。这种时装大胆创新、魅力十足衬衫以皱褶和奢侈为特征牛仔裤是绝对不可以接受的。 80 年代中期兴起了几种风格各异的服装。“权威装”以雅致的套装为特色带肩垫的上衣配及膝短裙受到新近得势的女士的欢迎。毫不奇怪当经济不稳定的时候人们不想在穿着上太冒险。男士则流行以电视剧 “迈阿密风云”命名的“迈阿密风云”式样的时装名牌短外套配时髦的T 恤留着有型的短胡子长三、四天的样子。和往常一样粗斜纹布仍然受到年轻人的欢迎。尤其是重金属音乐迷爱穿漂白的、撕开裂口的牛仔裤及牛仔衫。 在1987 年全球股市崩盘之前裙摆也开始逐渐地上升起来。 美国在80 年代末兴起了一种较为保守的风格称为“学院风”。男士穿拉尔夫劳伦和布鲁克斯兄弟品牌的经典服装衣领带纽扣的衬衫、斜纹棉布裤、平底便鞋脖子上随意系着一件毛衣。他们也穿牛仔裤但是必须是新的或者是干净、熨平的牛仔裤完全不是李维施特劳斯最初所设想的那种牛仔裤。 90 年代随着世界经济的再次复苏年轻人的时装也变得更加大胆起来了。靴子、匡威或耐克运动鞋都很流行但是流行颜色变成了橄榄绿和米灰色。头发要么留得很长要么是染成蓝色、绿色或红色的短刺头。帽衫、棒球帽及松垮型牛仔裤在街上随处可见。松垮型牛仔裤往往穿得很低松松垮_垮地挂在臀部上。 2000 年1 月纽约的科技股市崩盘。和往常一样裙摆也下降了正如一位评论家所说的“循规蹈矩、一本正经的式样开始流行了裙摆必须过膝。” 但仅仅过了一年股市开始复苏超短迷你裙又回来了裙摆比多年以来的都要高。这段时间除非在工作时人们通常不穿正式的服装。名牌牛仔裤享有很高的知名度用传统的粗斜纹布制作可能还加了点莱卡。由著名服装品牌如阿玛尼、胡戈伯斯士及莫斯奇诺剪裁、销售。这些品牌公司以前都只做最优雅的时装。紧身牛仔裤在英国及欧洲大部分地区很流行。裙子的长度不太确定范围从超短到“理性”即及膝或刚刚过膝。 有时候所谓的裙摆标志甚至能够在事情发生之前早早地预告股票牛市和熊市的更替。2007 年9月的纽约时装展展示了2008 年春季流行式样潮流转向了长衣、长裙裙摆降至小腿中线甚至到了脚踝。有人觉得这表明裙摆标志靠不住了要不就是服装设计师已经丧失了对时装的主宰权。2008年9 月在伦敦和纽约时装展中裙摆继续下降。果然2008 年秋天金融危机袭击美欧波及全球股指急剧下跌。这时裙摆不再被动地追随股市升跌而是引领潮流预示未来的经济趋势了。 在整个这段时期内时装的风格多种多样它们的诞生往往起因于人们希望归属于某种亚文化、与之认同的愿望。但是这个时期不变因素是粗斜纹布和裙摆。影响力最大的当属19 世纪加利福尼亚州的一个服装制造商以及1960 年代工作在“摇摆伦敦”的一位年轻的时装设计师新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译答案Unit11 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university. Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they dont have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。( tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.Unit21 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。( fascination; roar; marvel at)At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marveled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes。2 行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception to; prompt)Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise, that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as possible as they could.Unit31 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee)As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语不够自信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。( shy away; engage sb in)She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other.Unit41 我们根本就看不懂他们的计划书，因为他们的观点不太容易把握。这很可能是因为我们双方对于另一方的思维方式都感到同样的困惑。我认为应该安排一次面谈，让大家消除误会，扫除沟通的障碍。(make of; come to grips with; its a safe bet that; as baffled as)We couldnt make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips with their perspective. It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as they were about ours. I think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up misunderstandings and to remove communication barriers.2 从与他共事二十多年的一位同事所写的传记中不难得出这样的结论：他所代表的绝对是该国二战之后的精英阶层，他们在宗教和政治方面的观念较为保守。(nothing if not; in the wake of; in terms of).From a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more than two decades, it is not difficult to conclude that what he represented was nothing if not the elite class of the country in the wake of World War II, who were rather conservative in terms of religious and political views.Unit51 这位年轻人是个侦探小说迷，在看了福尔摩斯探案故事之后，他自以为完全掌握了侦探技巧，于是就开始调查一起抢劫案。经过几个星期的周密调查，他倒是追查到了三名疑犯，只可惜案发时这三个人都身在国外。(know sth inside out; track down)This young man liked reading detective stories. After finished reading Holmes stories, he thought he had known the detectives skills inside out and started to investigate a case of robbery. After a few weeks of close investigation, he tracked down three suspects, who turned out to be abroad when the robbery took place.2 在本书中我们确实体会到了两种文化之间的差异。不过作者没有详细叙述这些差异，而是仔细讨论了两种文化的相同点，其中说得最多的是为什么这两种文化都如此强调工作的热忱。(dwell on; of which; loyalty)In this book, we do find some differences between the two cultures. But instead of dwelling on the differences, the author presents lengthy discussions on things they have in common, of which their loyalty to work are most thoroughly touched upon.Unit61 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一重要的事是稳定。(stick with; point; thrill)People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing that matters, in his point of view, is stability.2 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说政府，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。 (lobby; win over; adj. + though it + be; utmost)Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure that the plan will be approved by the government. Its essential to win over some of the naysayer among the policy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.Unit71 媒体对于接连发生的两件惨剧之间没有任何关系的说法表示怀疑，总统没有迅速作出反应也让大家很不满。谈到总统的执政能力，媒体早已失去信心，除非他能在随后的任期中有所作为。(consecutive；independent of; responsive; when it comes to; if only)The media doubt the claim that the two consecutive tragedies were independent of each other, and are dissatisfied with the fact that the President was not responsive immediately. When it comes to his competence in running the government, the media have long lost their trust, if only he could do well in his subsequent term.2 时刻牢记不要因为你的孩子成绩不好而羞辱他们，因为这种被羞辱的痛苦记忆可能会困扰孩子很长时间，使他们从小就厌学，并且会妨碍他们形成积极的生活态度。只有当父母发现孩子身上的优点，并且不断鼓励他们，孩子的发展才能得以长久。(turn off from; humiliate; haunt; identify)Keep remembering that do not humiliate your child because they dont gain good grades, as their memory of the humiliation will haunt them for a long time, turn them off from learning at an early age and prevent them from gaining positive attitudes towards life. The development of children can be sustained only when parents identify the strengths in their children and encourage them from time to time.Unit81 和妻子离婚之后，他知道自己将受到朋友们无穷无尽的指责，因为他们都听信流言，认为他为了一个更年轻的女人而抛弃了妻子。每次在街上碰到朋友，他们都会严厉地责备他不该背叛自己的妻子。他终于明白，如果谣言一直不散的话，人们会逐渐地信以为真。(never hear the end of it; dump; bumpinto; stick around)When he divorced his wife, he knew that he would never hear the end of it from his friends, because they all believed the rumor that he had dumped her for a younger woman. Whenever he bumped into a friend in the street, they would reprimand him severely for betraying his wife. He realized with his own experience that if a rumor stuck around long enough, people would gradually take it as true.2 在经历了这么多磨难后，他把所有的愤怒、不满和绝望都发泄在周围人身上了，不管他们是家人还是同事。对于他这些反常的行为我们不能视而不见，而要多给他一些关心和爱。我们相信，他一定会重拾信心，挺过这段艰难时期。(undergo ; vent;be they shut ones eyes and ears to; be bound to)After undergoing so many misfortunes, he vents all his anger, discontent and despair on people around him, be they families or colleagues. Instead of shutting our eyes and ears to his anomalies, we should offer him more cares and love. We believe he is bound to recollect himself and go through the tough time.Unit91 先前的一些调查表明，在这个国家的政治选举中种族曾经是最为重要的因素，因为这是一个由多个种族、多个民族组成的国家。随后，大量移民的涌入使得情况更为复杂。候选人不得不把信仰、文化等问题考虑进来。(be comprised of; substantial; complicate)According to some prior surveys, race used to be the most important factor in political elections of this country, as the population is comprised of multi-races and multi-ethnics. However, a substantial number of immigrants complicated the situation. Candidates are obliged to take the issues of faith and cultures into consideration.2 所有对政治感兴趣的、才华出众的年轻人都梦想着有朝一日成为伟大的政治领袖，对世界有积极的影响，让世界变得更美好。但是可悲的是，他们中的许多人在实现自己的梦想之后，只关心维护自己的权力地位而不是想着服务人民。更糟的是，有的时候他们会滥用他们的权力来满足自己的贪欲，而让国家和人民的利益受损。(aspire; have impact on; maintain)All talented young men who are interested in politics aspire to become great political leaders some day, to have impact on the worl