国际贸易实务(英文版)专门讲 international trade terms

International Trade Terms,Main points to be understood in this chapter1. Definition and role of international trade terms2. Application of 8 trade terms 3. 3 main trade terms and their derived forms（衍生的形式）4. Comparison among different terms,开篇案例： 吴先生在商场购买彩电，29吋彩电的标价是“1888元，送货上门”解读“送货上门”：商场负责安排市内运输,搬运到家责任（responsibility)商场承担彩电上门以前的风险风险(risk)商场支付市内运费费用（expense）交货地点-上门-物权转移（transferring of ownership ),“送货上门”是针对“1888元”这项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分。,、THE DEFINITION OF TRADE TERMS（贸易术语的定义）:P46,FOB LONDON CIF JIUJIANG,The trade terms, are the short terms or abbreviations or brief English concept (3 English characters in Incoterms2000) to indicate/explain the composition/formation of a unit price， standing for specific obligations of the buyer and the seller.,返回目录,、THE ROLES OF TRADE TERMS（贸易术语的作用）: P46,2) The trade terms used in a contract have the function of naming the exact point at which the ownership of the merchandise is transferred from the seller to the buyer.,3）The use of trade terms greatly simplifies the contract negotiations, and thus saves time and cost.,1） The trade terms can define the responsibilities/(rights and obligations), risks and expenses of both the seller and the buyer.,、THE ROLES OF TRADE TERMS（贸易术语的作用）:,5) Trade terms offer rules to settle disputes in the fulfillmentof contract .,4）Trade terms are beneficial for the calculation of price,THE MOST INFLUENTIAL TRADE USAGES,1、Warsaw-Oxford Rules(W.O.Rules)1932 华沙牛津公约2、Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941美国对外贸易定义修订本 3、International Rules For the Interpretation of Trade Terms国际贸易术语解释通则(International Commercial Terms-INCOTERMS) It has been amended and revised in 1953, 1982,1990 and 2000,Brief Introduction of Custom Practice,It is mainly used to indicate the nature and characteristic of the CIF contract and also to stipulate the responsibilities of two parties under CIF terms.,(1) Warsaw-Oxford rules 1932 1932华沙-牛津规则P47,Originally The US Export Quotations and Abbreviations in 1919 美国出口报价及缩写条例Revised and renamed in 1941Six trade terms: Ex Port of Origin, Ex Dock, Free on Board, Free Along Side Vessel, Cost & Freight, Cost, Insurance and Freight.Applicable in the USA, Canada and other countries in America.,(2)Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 19411941年美国对外贸易定义修订本 P47,(3) International Commercial Terms 贸易术语解释通则 P48,Also abbreviated as IncotermsEstablished by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in 1936, revised in 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000.Aimed at providing uniform rules for the interpretation of trade terms,2000年通则 四组术语(共13种),任何方式,卖方,卖方,指定目的地货交买方处置时,卖方,DDP,任何方式,买方,卖方,指定目的地货交买方处置时,卖方,DDU,水上运输,买方,卖方,目的港码头货交买方处置时,卖方,DEQ,水上运输,买方,卖方,目的港船上货交买方处置时,卖方,DES,任何方式,买方,卖方,边境指定地点货交买方处置时,不确定,DAF,任何方式,买方,卖方,出口国内地、港口货交承运人处置时,卖方,CIP,任何方式,买方,卖方,出口国内地、港口货交承运人处置时,卖方,CPT,水上运输,买方,卖方,货物越过装运港船舷,卖方,CIF,水上运输,买方,卖方,货物越过装运港船舷,卖方,CFR,水上运输,买方,卖方,货物越过装运港船舷,买方,FOB,水上运输,买方,卖方,装运港货交船边后,买方,FAS,任何方式,买方,卖方,出口国内地货交承运人处置时,买方,FCA,任何方式,买方,买方,商品经营所在地 (工厂）交货买方处置时,买方,EXW,适用的运输方式,进口报关责任、费用由谁负担,出口报关责任、费用由谁负担,风险转移界限,主要运费由谁承担,贸易术语,3. A guide E-term to Incoterm2000,EXW Ex Works (named place)工厂交货 P50Ex works means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his premises (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. In particular, he is not responsible for loading the goods on the vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for export.,TRADE TERMS IN INCOTERMS 2000,US$ 100 per dozen EXW Ningbo,TRADE TERMS IN INCOTERMS 2000,EXW Ex Works (named place)工厂交货按E组术语成交的合同属启运合同/发货合同， 按E组术语成交，卖方在自已的地点（工厂仓库等所在地）为买方备妥货物，即在其工厂仓库所在地将货物交付至买方即履行了交货义务。,The sellers obligations provision of goods in compliance with the contract cost of basic packing notice to the buyer assistance on customs formalities（手续）risks before delivery,The buyers obligations payment for goods licenses, official documents and customs formalities ，customs dutiesrisks after deliveryfreight and insurance Taking delivery (收货）,Key Points,(1) The seller doesnt hold any responsibilities of the export and import,(4) The buyer should pay any , other taxes and all costs in obtaining the documents required for the purpose of and exportation.,clearances.,(2) The seller minimizes his obligations while the buyer obtains the goods at the possible price.,lowest,(3) The responsibilities of the buyer are more extensive; he must pay for the goods and bear all the of the goods from the time when the goods have been placed at his disposal.,risks and expenses,customs duties,importation,TRADE TERMS IN INCOTERMS 2000,FCA Free Carrier (named place)货交承运人 FAS Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) 装运港船边交货FOB Free On Board named port of shipment) 装运港船上交货,Group F Main Carriage unpaid（主要运费未付）称为装运合同,FCA Free Carrier 货交承运人（指定地点）,Free Carrier means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take the goods into his charge.,USD 130 PER M/T FCA NINGBO,Key Points,(3) The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer at the time the goods at the prescribed place.,(1) This term may be used irrespective of the,(2) The seller must provide export licenses and go through and supply the goods at the prescribed place.,mode of transport;,customs clearance,the carrier nominated by the buyer accepts,FCA术语练习,案例分析： 我宁波A公司与韩国B公司以FCA义乌成交皮鞋一批，B公司及时派来装运车辆，并要求A公司将皮鞋装上指定的装运车辆，A公司认为按FCA术语成交，装货应由买方负责，拒绝装货。试分析此案例。,Key Points,(4) It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the sellers premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If deliver occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading. P51,FAS - Free Alongside Ship 船边交货（指定装运港 P52）,Free Alongside Ship means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in the lighters(驳船） at the named port of shipment.,US$ 100 per dozen FAS Ningbo,Key Points (T OR F),(1) The seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment.(2) This term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. ( it is quite different from the previous Incoterms (Incoterms 1990).,(3) This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,FAS术语练习,FAS术语买卖双方义务有：A、卖方办理出口清关手续；B、买方负责将货物装上指定的船上；C、卖方必须提供相关的运输单据；D、买方办理进口清关手续；,ABD,FOB, Free on Board (Named port of Shipment) 指定装运港船上交货,It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver the goods when they have passed over the ships rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all expenses and risks of or damage to the goods from that point.Such as FOB Shanghai or FOB Hamburg,The sellers obligations Provision of goods in conformity with the contract Proof of delivery, Export licenses, official documents and customs formalities for export , basic packingDelivery of the goods on board the shipExpenses and risks before the goods passing the ships rail Notice to the buyer The buyers obligations Payment for goods Import licenses, official documents and customs formalities Contract of carriage and insurance Taking delivery Expenses and risks after the goods passing the ships railNotice to the seller,FOB （NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT）（装运港）船上交货,FOB （NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT）（装运港）船上交货,Key Points,(1) The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when these goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of shipment. (2) The buyer must pay the freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination (arrival).(3) This term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.(4) This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,THE VARIATION OF FOB TRADE TERM P54,In order to indicate who shall bear the loading charges, there are four variations of FOB :P541、FOB liner terms班轮条件：装船费用按班轮做法,卖方不需另行支付2、FOB under tackle 吊钩下交货：卖方将货物置于买方指派船只的吊钩所及处，从货物起吊开始的装船费用由买方负担。3、FOB stowed包括理舱：卖方将货物装入船舱并承担 理舱费在内的装船费用。4、FOB trimmed包括平舱：卖方将货物装入船舱并承担平舱费在内的装船费用。凡FOB 后未加“理舱”和“平舱”字样者，则理舱和平舱的费用，卖方不予负担。,FOB+装运港（port of shipment) 交货点：装运港船上 风险划分点：装运港船舷为界 费用划分点：装运港船舷为界（运费、保费、其他） 报关 出口卖方，进口买方,使用FOB术语时应注意的问题,接上页,买方发“充分通知” 船货衔接 卖方发“及时通知” 只适用海运或内河航运 装船费的负担四种变形,船先到：造成空舱（dead freight）船后到：增加货物仓储费；船及时到、货迟到：造成空舱,使用FOB术语时应注意的问题,FOB术语练习,1、按照FOB术语，卖方承担的义务有： A、取得进口许可证或官方证件，办理进口报关手续； B、取得出口许可证或官方证件，办理出口报关手续； C、按照通常条件订立运输合同，在规定的期限内在装 运港将合同规定的货物装上船； D、提交商业发票或相等的电子信息。,BD,2、按照2000通则对FOB术语解释，买方负责： A、办理进口报关手续； B、办理出口报关手续； C、订立运输合同； D、货物海运途中的灭失风险；,ACD,3、我某出口公司按FOB条件出口一批货物,采用程租船运输,如我出口方不愿承担装货费用,应采用A.FOB Liner Tems（FOB 班轮条件）B.FOB Under Tackle（FOB吊钩下交货）C.FOB Stowed（船上交货并理舱）D.FOB Trimmed （船上交货并平舱）,B,Conclusion,F组术语，称主运费未付（Main Carriage Unpaid）术语。按F组术语成交，买方负责订立运输合同，支付运费，卖方在合同规定的装运地/港将货物交付至买方指定的承运人/船边/船上，即履行了交货义务，按F组术语成交的合同属主运费未付的装运合同。,TRADE TERMS IN INCOTERMS 2000,Group C Main Carriage PaidCFR Cost and Freight (named port of destination)CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)CPT Carriage Paid to (named place of destination)CIP Carriage And Insurance Paid to (named place of destination) C组术语为主运费已付术语（Main Carriage Paid）按C组术语成交，卖方负责订立运输合同，支付运费，(其中CIF、CIP的卖方须办理货物运输保险，支付保险费)，卖方在合同规定的装运港/地将货物交付至船上或承运人，即履行了交货义务。 按C组术语成交的合同，也属装运合同按C组术语成交的合同属主运费已付的装运合同,CFR (COST AND FREIGHT，NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION)成本加运费(指定目的港),It means that the seller shall undertake the cost and freight necessary to carry the goods to the named port of destination, but the risks of, losses of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, are transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail at the port of shipmentP54,返回目录,CFR NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION,CFR: Cost and Freight (named port of destination) The sellers obligations Provision of goods in conformity with the contract Export licenses, official documents and customs formalities for exportBasic packingContract of carriage Delivery Risks before the goods passing the rail of the vessel Notice to the buyer Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The buyers obligations Payment for goods Contract of insurance Import licenses, official documents and customs formalities Cargo insuranceRisks and additional costs after the goods passing the ships railTaking delivery,CFR变形 卸货费用loading charges的负担问题,CFR Liner Terms（班轮条件）卸货费按班轮办法处理，一般由卖方负担，即买方不负担卸货费。CFR Ex Ships Hold（舱底交货）货物到达码头后，买方自行启舱，并负担货物从舱底到码头的费用。CFR Landed（卸到岸上）卖方负担将货物卸到目的地港按上的卸货费。,CFR术语练习,1、我某出口公司按CFR条件出口一批货物,采用程租船运输,如我出口方不愿承担卸货费用,应采用:（ ）ACFR Liner TermsBCFR Landed CCFR Ex Ships Hold,C,C,案例分析,我某公司按CFR术语与英国A客户签约成交，合同规定保险由买方自理。我方于9月1日凌晨2点装船完毕，受载货轮于当日下午起航。因9月1、2日是周末，我方未及时向买方发出装船通知。3日上班收到买方急电称：货轮于2日下午4时遇难沉没，货物灭失，要求我方赔偿全部损失。试分析此案例。,CFR术语下，卖方有义务在装船后24小时内，及时向买方发出已装船通知以供对方办理保险，否则因卖方没有及时向买方发装运通知而耽误办理保险所造成的损失均由卖方承担。,A merchant in South America placed an order with a Chinese export company for a certain commodity on CFR Asuncion (亚松森)terms . and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this company came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city. As was the case, if the company had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transported to Asuncion through river transportation or inland transportation. As a result, this company had to pay a considerable sum of freight. What can we learn from this case?,CASE,In this case the loss was caused simply because of the ignorance on the part of the exporter. What we can learn from this case is that, when offering abroad, we must make exact calculations of the total freight and other relevant charges. Most importantly, it is very beneficial for every exporter to learn geography well in international trade.,ANSWER,1、CFR术语下风险划分点是装运港船舷，运费付到目的港2、CFR后接 目的港 3、卖方的装运义务 卖方一般负责装货，不负责目的港的卸货费用，但在定期班轮的船运条件下，卖方支付定期班轮的运费时已包含目的港的卸货费用。4、装船通知的作用 (Shipping Notice) 按照CFR条件达成的交易，货物装船后必须及时向买方发出装船通知，以便买方办理投保手续。如果货物在运输途中遭受损失或灭失，由于卖方未发出通知而使买方漏保，那么卖方就不能以风险在船舷转移为由免除责任。,CFR应该注意的问题,CIF (COST，INSURANCE AND FREIGHT，NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION)成本加保险费、运费(指定目的港),It means that the seller has the obligation to effect marine insurance against the risks of, losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.,返回目录,CIF (COST，INSURANCE AND FREIGHT，NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION),The sellers obligations P55Provision of goods in conformity with the contract Basic packingExport licenses, official documents and customs formalities Contract of carriage and insurance Delivery Risks before the goods passing the ships rail Notice to the buyer Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The buyers obligations Payment for goods Import licenses, official documents and customs formalities Taking delivery Risks after the goods passing the ships rail Taking delivery,CIF（NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION）,卸货费用负担的问题CIF的变形(同CFR）,CIF Liner Terms（班轮条件）CIF Ex Ships Hold（舱底交接）CIF Landed（卸到岸上）,最常用的贸易术语,FOB (Free o