英语人教版九年级全册宾语从句.doc

中考复习 宾语从句考点扫描中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。精讲一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。笔者认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。中考题例：Wed like to know _ or not.（山东潍坊）A.whether will the sports meeting comeB.if will the sports meeting comeC.whether the sports meeting will comeD.if the sports meeting will come答案与解析：答案为C项。题干中出现了or not，所以连接宾语从句的引导词要用whether，故选C项。二、语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。中考题例：- Excuse me，could you tell me _？- Certainly.Its over there along the street on the left.（吉林）A.where the Peoples Park isB.where is the Peoples ParkC.the Peoples Park is whereD.the Peoples Park where is答案与解析：答案为A项。宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序，故选A项。三、时态1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。4.情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。中考题例：Do you know _ this time yesterday？ （黑龙江）A.what she is cooking B.what is she cookingC.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking答案与解析：答案为C项。由时间状语this time yesterday可知，宾语从句应用过去进行时态，故选C项。四、否定转移当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。中考题例：I dont think _ rain this afternoon.（江苏徐州）A.it wont B.its going toC.if its going to D.whether its to答案与解析：答案为B项。五、简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”。中考题例：I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句）（山东烟台）I dont know what _ _ with the letter.答案与解析：答案为to do.当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。六、注意点if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。中考题例：Were not sure if it _ tomorrow.If