被动语态123.doc

不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes dont fit me我的鞋不合适。 My brain cant hold so much information at one time我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much What does it cost？这值多少钱？ Our holiday lasts 10 days我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3 days这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较： They arrived at a decisionA decision was arrived at他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at） He looked into the questionThe question was looked into他调查了这个问题。 3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如： The car left the road and hit a tree车子离开了道路，撞上了树。 4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如： His new novel is selling well他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well这布很耐洗。 This material wont wear这种材料不耐穿。His play wont act他的戏剧不会上演。 The window wont shut这窗关不上。The door wont open这门打不开。 The door wont lock这门锁不上。This poem reads well这首诗读来很好。 5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如： Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告诉我。 Youre looking very unhappywhats the matter？你看来很不高兴怎么回事儿？ The soup tastes wonderful这汤味道好极了。 Those roses smell beautiful那些玫瑰好闻极了。 She appears to be friendly她看上去很友好。 6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如： Peter hoped to meet her彼得希望遇见她。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： She can dress herself她可以自己穿衣服。 We could hardly see each other in the fog在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如： They live a happy life他们过着幸福的生活。 The girl dreamed a sweet dream 那女孩做了个甜美的梦。 9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： The old man broke his（the old mans）legs那老人把自己的腿弄断了。 The girl shook her（the girls）head那女孩摇了摇头。 5某些动词的主动形式表被动含义 英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如： This kind of radio doesnt sell well这种收音机不太畅销。 The shop opens at eight oclock这个商店八点开门。 The pipe does not draw well这烟斗不太通畅。 These plays act wonderfully这些剧演得好。 Kates book reads like an interesting novel凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。 注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如： The door wont lock门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门） His novels sell easily他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好） His novels are sold easily他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大） 6某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing（to be washed）我的衣服需要洗了。 2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如： The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）这本画册很值得一读。 Such a man as MrSmith is not worth helping（Such a man as MrSmith is not worthy to be helped）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。 This plan is not worth considering（This plan is not worthy to be considered）这个计划不值得考虑。 3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如： Japanese is not difficult to learn日语并不难学。（指日语被学） The water is unfit to drink这水不适合喝。（指水被喝） The piece of music is pleasant to hear这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听） This book is easy to read这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读） b当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如： I have a lot of work to do today我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作） He has three children to look after他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看） 注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如： I have some clothes to be washed我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗） c在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如： There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）有很多家庭作业要做。 There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）有些衣服要洗。 4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如： His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoonHis paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon他的油画作品明天下午展出。 5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如： How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！ Good medicine tastes bitter良药苦口。 Our school looks more beautiful than before我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。被动语态专项练习一一、选择题( ) 1. _ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; buildD. Did; build( ) 2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happenedB. was happened C. is happened D. happened( ) 3. Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( ) 4. So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visitedD. was visited( ) 5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be givenD. gives( ) 6. How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been plantedD. planted( ) 7. A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( ) 8. Neither of them _ in China. A. is made B. are made C. were madeD. made ( ) 9. The doctor _ for yet. A .isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sentD. wasnt sent( ) 10.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. as; used C. is; used D. are; used( ) 11. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( ) 12. I _ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born( ) 13. He says that Mr. Zhang _ to the factory next week. A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent ( ) 14. The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( ) 15.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put二、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. People use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.6. He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _ that for him.7. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?8. Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school.9. My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother.10. We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.11. They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.12. Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday?13. They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses _ _ _ out.14. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _ every day.三、 用动词的正确语态填空。1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? 6. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday.7. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library?8. The room _ (clean) by me every day.9. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime.10. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.11. These kinds of machines _ (make) in Japan.12. Russian _ (learn) as the second language by some students in China.13. The cinema _ (build) in 1985.14. The bike _ (must not put) here.15. A beautiful horse _ (draw) by John next day.16. This kind of machine _ (can made) by uncle Wang.17. The PLA _ (found) on August 1st, 1927.18. By the time he was ten, the boy _ (learn) English and French.19. _ you _ (see) the film yet? Yes, I _ (see) it last week.20. Uncle Wang _ (live) here since 198021. Listen! Someone _ (sing).22. Tom _ (not have) breakfast yesterday morning.Answers:一、选择题1-5 BDCCC 6-10 CBABC 11-15 CBDDB二、填空：1.can be finished 2. is produced 3. will be sung 4. neednt be done 5. are used 6. was made to do 7. was built 8. will be put 9. is often mended 10. be watered 11. are used 12. wasbroken by him 13. have beensold 14. is cleaned三、填空：1. are; told 2. will be put 3. must be sent 4. are sold 5. is; made of 6. was given 7. can; be taken 8. is cleaned 9. can be seen 10. have been watered 11. are made 12.is learnt 13.was built 14. must not be put 15. will be drawn 16. can be made 17. was founded 18. had learnt 19. Have; seen saw 20. has lived 21. is singing 22. didnt have情态动词一、情态动词的特点:1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared二、情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (NMET 97 )A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _?A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、.。(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7. ought to 应该; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praise B. ought be praisedC. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ? - No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点1. can(could) + have + 过去分词2. cant (couldnt) + have + 过去分词 3. must + have + 过去分词 4. may (might) + have + 过去分词 5. neednt + have + 过去分词6. should (ought to) + have + 过去分词7. shouldnt (oughtnt to) + have + 过去分词1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon? 2) She cant (couldnt) have make a mistake.3) Since the ditch is full of water , it _ (rain) last night.4) He said that she might have misunderstood him.练习.情态动词1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she _ me.A. cant see B. cant have seen C. shouldnt have seen D. shouldnt see2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been3. He _ you more help even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give4. She quickened her pace in order that she _ with the others.A. may catch up B. might catch up C. could have caught up D. might have caught up5. There was plenty of time, she _ .A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried 6. I didnt hear the phone, I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 7. He was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.A. might B. succeeded C. would D. was able to8. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study9. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. could B. must C. would D. should10. A solider got him out of danger. He _ hurt.A. may not B. can have got C. might have got D. might get11. -Could I use your pen? -Yes, of course you _ .A. must B. could C. canD. might12. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt13. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt 14. I _ tell her the truth.A. cannot help B. cant but C. may not help D. could but15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I _ wait until the rain stops.A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver _ .A. may hurt B. may be hurting C. may have been hurt D. may be hurt17. A dog ran in front of my mothers car and she _ stop very quickly.A. ought to B. had better C. must D. had to18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York . -Oh , did you ? You _ with Barbara . (NMET98)A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed19. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given20. A computer _ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 21. Its nearly seven o clock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. shoulD. can22. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, _ ?-But I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? - _ . A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on25. I was really anxious about you . You _home without a word.(01高考题)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveKey:1-5 BDABD 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 CBABD 16-20 CDADA 21-25 CAACB完形填空（10%）CBABC ABCDCFrom Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and weekends they are free and 1 themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies, others take part in sports. This is decided by their own 2 .There are many different ways to spend our free time. Almost everyone has some kind of 3 . It may be something from colleting stamps to 4 model planes. Some hobbies are very expensive, but others dont cost anything at all. Some collections are worth 5 of money, others are valuable only to their owners.I know a man who has a coin collection worth several 6 dollars. A short time ago he bought a rare fifty-cent piece which cost him 250! He was very happy about this collection and thought the price was all right. On the other hand, my youngest brother collects match boxes. He has almost 600 kinds of them, but I wonder 7 they