《英语口译》Ex-Education.doc

5英语口译（WXL）Ex.Education汉译英1教育，是现代化国家的基石。/ 国家的发展最终要靠提高全人类的素质。/ 我们已经在全国建立了巩固和普及义务制教育，大力发展职业教育和努力提高高等教育的格局。/ 在这里，我特别想强调一下平民教育，因为世界上绝大多数人都是平民。/ 平民的素质关系到一个国家整体国民的素质（国民的整体素质）。我们有13亿人口，9亿农民，平民的比重更高。/ 我们之所以把义务教育和职业教育放在重要的位置，就是要使教育成为面向平民的教育，从而使人人能受到教育。 汉译英2中国教育有四大组成部分基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。/ 基础教育包括幼儿园、小学和中学。/ 职业技术教育包括各类技术学校、职业中学以及短期职业技术培训。/ 高等教育指专科、本科、研究生等高等学历层次的教育。/ 成人教育包括扫盲和以成人为教育对象的学校教育和其他形式的教育。参考译文汉译英1Education is the bedrock of a modernized country. / At the end of the day, the countrys development will rely on the improvement of the competence of its population. / We have already established the education system throughout the country that focuses on the universalization and consolidation of compulsory education, the development of occupational education and improvement of higher education. / Here, I would like to give the stress and the importance to the education for the general public. Most of the people in this world are ordinary people and belong to the general public./ I think the competence of the general public is a direct reflection of the overall competence of the country. / China is a country with a population of 1.3 billion and 900 million of the Chinese people live in the countryside. / So we have even a bigger proportion of our people receiving ordinary education. / The very reason why we put much emphasis on the compulsory education and occupational education is that we would like to make this education oriented to the general public so that everyone in this country can receive education.参考译文汉译英2There are four major types of education in China, namely, basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education and adult education. / Basic education refers to education at kindergartens, primary schools and middle schools. / Vocational education consists of various kinds of technical schools, vocational secondary schools and short-term vocational and technical training courses. / Higher education refers to short two-to three-year higher education programs, four-year undergraduate education, and graduate education. / Adult education includes literacy classes, school education and other forms of education provided for adults. 英译汉-1Harvard University was a product of the Puritans who settled here in 1630 or so. Of a total population of perhaps 15,000 or 20,000, there 130 Oxford and Cambridge graduates among the settlers, which is one to every 30 or 35 families, far in excess of what situation was in England. So, these educated Puritans pressured their local government to found a school for their sons, which it did in 1636. Because a Puritan named John Harvard bequeathed his library to the school, the school was named after him. For many years, the college was a very small institution, and its prospects of survival were especially financially very slim. But it survived those terrible years in the 1640s and 1650s, and, by the end of the century, it was well established, and its degrees were recognized by Oxford and Cambridge.In the years since then, Harvard, more than any other American university, has enjoyed remarkable financial support from its dedicated alumni. Without doubt, Harvard University in Massachusetts is the oldest university in the United States.英译汉-2In the English educational system, students take three very important examinations. / The first is the eleven-plus, which is taken at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the ability or aptitude shown on the eleven-plus would have determined if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in “comprehensive” schools, and the eleven-plus determined which courses of study the child will follow. / At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are tested for the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education. This examination covers a wide range of subjects; once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length./ The final examination, at eighteen, covers only the content of the special subjects. Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture outside that subject again; in a real sense, the English boy or girl is a specialist from the age of fifteen参考译文英译汉-1哈佛大学是1630年左右在这里定居的清教徒的产物。在总数约为1500020000人的移民中，有130名牛津大学和剑桥大学的毕业生，即每3035户人家中就有一名，这远远超过当时英国的平均水平。于是，这些受过教育的清教徒就对当地政府施加压力，要求为自己的子弟办一所学校。1636年，他们的愿望得以实现。由于一位名叫约翰 哈佛的清教徒把自己的图书馆藏书遗赠给该校，学校就以他的名字命名。/ 此后很多年里，这所大学规模很小，它存在下去的前景很渺茫，尤其是经费方面。但是它度过了十七世纪40年代和50年代那些可怕的岁月生存下来。到了17世纪末，它已牢固地站稳了脚跟，所授学位被牛津大学和剑桥大学承认。/ 自那时以来，哈佛大学一直得到忠心耿耿的校友所奉献的巨大财政支持，在这方面超过了其他任何一所美国大学。毫无疑问，位于马萨诸塞州的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学。参考译文英译汉-2在英国的教育制度中，学生要参加三次非常重要的考试。/ 第一次是11岁少年中学入学考试，这种考试专为11岁或者比11岁稍大的学生举行。过去，在这次考试中显示出的才能或能力曾一度决定一个学生能否继续上学。然而现在，所有的孩子都要在综合学校继续学习，所以这次考试只是决定他们将要学习那些课程。/ 在15、16岁的时候，学生要参加另一次考试来获得普通等级考试证书。这次考试涉及的科目很广，学生们一旦通过这次考试，就选择自己的专业学习方向。这些专业方向课程的三分之二或更多是物理、化学、古典语言，或者是他们自己最想学习的课程。/ 学生在18岁时将参加最后一次考试，其内容只包括专业课程。在英国的大学里，学生只研究他们的专业，很少冒险去学习专业以外的课程。不夸张地说，英国的男孩、女孩从15岁起就已经有“行业专攻”了。教育Words and Expressions中华人民共和国教育部Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China初等教育primary education中等教育secondary education高等教育higher education普及九年制义务教育to make the nine-year compulsory education universal扫盲to eliminate illiteracy升学率proportion of students entering higher schools注册人数enrollment辍学青少年school drop-out学分制credit system双学士制a double BA degree system主副修制a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field毕业论文thesis; dissertation论文导师supervisor毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate结业证书Certificate of Completion肄业证书Certificate of Completion / Incompletion / Attendance / Study毕业鉴定graduation appraisal授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.学士bachelor硕士master准博士all but dissertation (ABD)博士doctor博士后post doctorate成绩单school report; report card; transcript升级to be promoted to a higher grade留级to repeat the years work; to stay down补考make-up examination考勤check roll休学schooling suspension开除学籍expulsion from school奖学金scholarship领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student勤工助学work-study重点学科key disciplinary areas of priority fields of study民办学校schools run by non-governmental resources希望工程Project Hope在职培训in-service training进修班refresher course速成班crash course自学成才to become educated through independent study自学考试self-taught examination专业课specialized course必修课compulsory course; required course公开课open class基础课basic course听课to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture课堂讨论class discussion走读生day student自费生commoner寄宿生boarder旁听生guest student（英）/ auditor（美）留学生international student研究生graduate student高等院校institution of higher education教职员teaching and administrative staff教学人员the faculty; teaching staff教授professor副教授associate professor客座教授guest professor讲师lecturer助教teaching assistant专职教师full-time teacher兼职教师part-time teacher辅导员assistant for political and ideological work教研室teaching and research section / group母校Alma Mater校友alumnus; alumna学生会students union / association教育方针education policy爱国主义教育education in patriotism集体主义教育education in collectivism国际主义教育education in internationalism共产主义教育education in communism政治思想教育political and ideological education面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来be oriented to modernization, the world and the future德智体美全面发展to develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically品学兼优excellent in character and learning德才兼备to combine character with ability复合型人才inter-disciplinary talent教书育人to educate a person as well as inform book knowledge因材施教individualized instruction教育、科技和人才，是国家强盛、民族振兴的基石，也是综合国力的核心。优先发展教育事业。强国必先强教。只有一流的教育，才能培养一流人才，建设一流国家。/ 我们要着重抓好五个方面：一是推进教育改革。二是促进义务教育的均衡发展。三是继续加强职业教育。四是推进高等学校管理体制和招生制度改革。五是加强教师队伍建设。/ 教育寄托者亿万家庭对美好生活的期盼，关系着民族素质和国家未来。不普及和提高教育，国家不可能强盛。这个道理我们要永远铭记。（政府工作报告第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议 2010年3月5日）Education, science and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also the core of overall national strength. We will give high priority to the development of education. For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education. First-class education is a prerequisi