2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院研究生考试同声传译.doc

2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院研究生考试同声传译初试(英汉互译)试卷译者：谭福华 2011年1月17号 一、英译汉 It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity; in fact, growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin: when economic activity is high, more production happens overall, and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services. And when economic activity is low, firms cut jobs and unemployment rises. In that sense, unemployment is countercyclical, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.全球经济正在经历自20世纪30年代“大萧条”之后的最严重的经济危机，最严重的失业，这绝非历史的巧合。失业严重依赖经济活动，事实上，经济增长和失业被认为是一块硬币的两面：当经济增长强势时，总体上生产会扩大，这就需要更多的人来生产更多的商品和服务；当经济增长疲软时，公司会裁员，失业就这样产生了。在这种意义上说，失业是逆周期的：即经济增长疲软时，失业率会上升；反之，相反。But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth. It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more productsthat is, to increase their productivity. Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers. As a consequence, unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins. The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn, when firms would rather reduce work hours, or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go. Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged. Because unemployment follows growth with a delay, it is called a lagging indicator of economic activity.但是失业不会跟不上经济增长的步伐。在经济衰退时，许多公司通过提高生产率即同样的人干更多的活或者生产更多的产品来首先实现经济的复苏，这是很普遍的事。公司只有在稳固其复苏的势头时才会增加员工。这样，在经济刚刚复苏之际，失业率就开始下降。在经济衰退之初时，这种现象刚好相反。公司更宁愿这样做，缩短员工的工作时间，或者是集体降薪来留住更多的员工。失业率只有在经济衰退延长时才会上升，因为失业是紧跟缓慢的经济增长之后的。失业被认为是经济活动的“滞后经济指标”。二、英译汉 Centuries ago, while Europe, Africa and the Americas were third-world poor, China was not only the most populated, wealthiest, and most sophisticated country in Asia, but on the planet. The Travels of Marco Polo, published in 1295, told astonishing tales of enormous banquet rooms with a thousand seats, walls studded with precious stones, and consumers using paper money to purchase mass-printed books from well-stocked bookstores. In Europe, monks hand-copied books while in China thousands of bestsellers rolled off modern printing presses. 几个世纪以前，当欧洲、非洲、美洲还是当时贫穷的“第三世界”时，而当时的中国不仅是亚洲也是全世界人口最密、最富、国民素质最高的国家。1295年出版的马可波罗游记记载了这样一个令人震惊的故事：一间大宴会厅居然有1000个座位，墙壁都是用宝石镶嵌的，消费者用纸币从有很多藏书的书店购买批量印刷的书。在欧洲，传教士用的是手抄书，然而，中国成千上万的畅销书产生了现代的印刷社。 Chinas iron manufacturing industry produced one hundred twenty-ve thousand tons a year-an amount not equaled the West until the twentieth century. Cast iron, the crank handle, deep drilling for natural gas, the belt drive, the shing reel, chess, matches, brandy, gunpowder, playing cards, the spinning wheel, the umbrella, and countless other inventions-such were the products of Chinas inventive genius. 中国的钢铁制造业年产量达125,000吨，这个数字相当于20世纪西方的钢铁总产量。生铁、奇形怪状的把手、天然气地下管、安全带、渔网、棋、火柴、酒、火药、扑克牌、纺纱车、雨伞、数不胜数的其它发明物都是中国天才发明家的产品。Europeans would eventually borrow Chinese innovations like the plow and experience an agricultural revolution. Similarly, literacy spread as the Europeans exploited paper and printing, both Chinese inventions. The European industrial revolution was built atop Chinese technology. 后来，欧洲人干脆直接把犁等中国发明物搬到欧洲开展欧洲的农业革命。同样，随着欧洲人用上中国的两项发明纸和印刷术之后，中国的文学也传到了欧洲。欧洲的革命是以中国的技术为基础的。 It seems profoundly difficult for American leaders to acknowledge some sort of cultural equivalency with the Chinese. The only way the Chinese can succeed, such logic goes, is via underhanded, uncivilized methods. Mr. Obama points the finger at the mandarins running the worlds second largest country, accusing them of manipulating U.S.-China trade. Yet the unspoken truth is that China is expert at doing what the president wants Americans to do: discovering, creating and building the products that are sold all over the world. Mr. Obama repeats the canard that Chinas remarkable economic success is due to sinister currency deflation. 对于美国领导人来说，要他们承认中国的文化与美国的文化是平等的，这似乎非常难。按照逻辑推理，古代中国成功的唯一方式是采用手工非机械的生产。美国总统奥巴马先生对着中国的官员竖起大拇指称赞中国已经是全球第二大经济体，同时又指着中国操控美中贸易。但是美国不愿意说出来承认的事实是中国很擅长美国总统要求美国人民所作的：发现、创造、生产销往全世界的商品。奥巴马先生重复这样的谣言信息：险恶的人民币贬值。But when the Federal Reserve recently announced it would purchase $600 billion dollars of U.S. treasury securities (QE2), the German finance minister observed: What the U.S. accuses China of doing, the U.S.A. is doing by different means . . . it doesnt add up when the Americans accuse the Chinese of currency manipulation and then, with the help of their central banks printing presses, artificially lower the value of the dollar. 但是，当联邦储蓄最近宣布中国又会增购美国财政部发行的6000亿美元国债时，德国财政部长是这样评论：“美国指责中国所做的事就是中国会用不同的手段来实现目的。当美国人民指责人民币汇率存在人为操控时，美国不增发国债；但当风头一过，在美国央行印刷社的帮助下，美国财政部增发美国国债造成美元人为贬值。三、汉译英 20年来，中国颁布实施了100多项政策法规，建立完善了消耗臭氧层物质生产、消费、产品质量和进出口管理制度，形成了以禁止新建、改建、扩建生产线，实施生产、消费、进出口配额许可证制度为核心的法律、法规和政策体系。2010年6月1日开始施行的消耗臭氧层物质管理条例，进一步规范了消耗臭氧层物质管理，强化了对违法行为的处罚力度，为可持续履约提供了强有力的法律保障。China has implemented more than 100 policies and law guidelines since 20 years ago, resulting in establishing and improving the system of production, consumption, product quality and regulations on import & export in terms of running out the Ozonosphere materials, forbidding the people to rebuild, reconstruct and enlarge the production lines and formulating the system of law, law guidelines and policies at the core of production, consumption, permission of quotas on import & exp