考点之动名词.doc

考点之动名词具有动词性质的名词。构成：V+ing.1,做主语 谓语使用单三式。Swimming is good exercise.Chatting with them improves my mind.2, 做宾语He enjoys fishing.I am fond of swimming.下列动词常以动名词作宾语avoid 避免complete 完成 enjoy 喜欢 prevent阻止 finish 完成 mind 介意 practise 训练 stand 忍受 forgive 宽恕keep 继续 preferto be/get used to be busylook forward to(to为介词）make a (或ones) contribution to (to为介词） need V.ing/to be p.p(被动)be worth cant help be tired of be fond of be afraid of be proud of keep onbe successful in be good at give upprevent/keep/stop/ fromNO + V.ing do + V.inghave trouble/fun + (in) + V.ing feel like spend (in) + V.ing Do/Would you mind + (所有格) + V.ing? What/How about + V.ing1,I must avoid doing such thing. 2,I cant help telling her the truth.3,Do you feel like taking a walk?4,The book is worth reading.5,This house needs repairing. = This house needs to be repaired.6,No smoking/parking/littering7,go shopping/fishing/skating/dancing/hiking/hunting/camping8,do some shopping/cleaning.9,I had no trouble getting in touch with him.10,Do/Would you mind my/me opening the window?考点之情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化，后跟动词原形。1， shall shoulda, 第一人称 + shall 表示将来时I shall be twenty years old next month.b, 征询对方意见Shall we take a walk? = Lets take a walk, shall we?c, should 表义务，责任或应该做的事You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.d, -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. Ive told him already.2, will woulda, would you please + do sth? 表客气请求Would you please come in?b, would like + to do sth? = feel like doing sthI would like to see him. = I feel like seeing him.c, would rather (not) do sth = prefer to do sthI would rather stay at home. = I prefer to stay at homed, would + do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sthI would sleep rather than watch TV. = I prefer sleeping to watching TV.c,-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.- I wont.3, can coulda, can = be able tobe able to de 主语是人或动物He can / is able to swimThe book can be finished in an hour.b, 情态动词后只能用be able to He will be able to speak English.c, could 用于客气请求Could you come and see me tomorrow?d, can be/ may be/ must be 的否定形式The man must be Mr. Wang. The man cant be Mr. Wang.e, 1, -Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you can.4, may mighta, 表许可 May I come in?b, 表推测 It may be true. He may go to the park.c, 表祈愿 May you succeed! 5, must have to a, have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法， My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） a, have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.c, 在否定结构中： dont have to 表示不必 mustnt表示禁止，You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。d, Must I go now? Yes, you must. No, you neednt.6, ought to ought to = shouldWe should / ought to obey the law.7, need dare a, need + 动词原形 need to do sth (有人称和数量的变化)He need go now.She needs to buy a new pair of shoes.b, need + V.ing (被动，实义动词，主语常为物)The house needs repairing. = The house needs to be repaired.c, Need you?Yes, I must.No,I neednt考点之易混淆的词1，spend take costspend (spent spent) 主语常是人，表某人在花多少时间或金钱spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth / (in) + V.ingHe spends a lot of money on books.She spent three hours (in) watching TV.It takes /took /will take + sb + 时间 + to do sth.It took me an hour to walk there.How long does it take you to finish the work?cost (cost cost) 主语常是物sth + cost + sb +金钱This dress cost me thirty yuan.2, lie laylie vi 躺；位于 lay lain lyinglie vt 说谎 lied lied lyinglay vt 下蛋；放置 laid laid layingHe has lain in bed for two weeks.Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.You are lying to me.He laid his hand on my shoulder.These hens lay eggs every day.3, speak say tell talkspeak 说某种语音，发表演讲say 说出某句话或事；书，信，布告，报纸上说tell 讲故事，说实话，谎言；辨别talk 谈话1, He speaks English well.2, She is speaking in the hall.3, What did he say?4, My watch says 9；00.5, The notice says“No school today.”6, Old men like to tell stories.7, It is wrong to tell a lie.8, He cant tell right from wrong.9, What were they talking about?4, rise raiserise (太阳，月亮)升起；起来；（水）上涨 rose risenraise 举起；养育；募款 raised raisedThe sun rises in the east.Raise your right hand.They are raising money for the poor students.5, find foundfind 找到；发现 found foundfound 创立；创设 founded foundedI cant find my watch.The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.They founded a childrens hospital.6, win beatwin 赢得；获胜(宾语不可能是人) won wonbeat 打；击败（人） beat beatenOur team won the game.I beat all the other players and won the prize7，clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，8，sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.9，population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.10，exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习11，work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job12，cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.13，police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.14，problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用15，in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.16，the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 17，in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.18，a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第二 He won the second prize.19，sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.20，pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.21，hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.22，living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的，living定、表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive23，bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk24，too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy25，catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.26，die from, die ofdie from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold27，arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing28，listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.29，happen, take placehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place必然性的发生30 between, amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.31 besides, except, besides除了还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），32 because, since, as