2017年考研英语二真题及答案

2017年考研英语二真题及答案2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）SECTIONIUSEOFENGLISHDIRECTIONSREADTHEFOLLOWINGTEXTCHOOSETHEBESTWORDSFOREACHNUMBEREDBLANKANDMARKA,B,CORDONTHEANSWERSHEET10POINTSPEOPLEHAVESPECULATEDFORCENTURIESABOUTAFUTUREWITHOUTWORKTODAYISNODIFFERENT,WITHACADEMICS,WRITERS,ANDACTIVISTSONCEAGAIN1THATTECHNOLOGYBEREPLACINGHUMANWORKERSSOMEIMAGINETHATTHECOMINGWORKFREEWORLDWILLBEDEFINEDBY2AFEWWEALTHYPEOPLEWILLOWNALLTHECAPITAL,ANDTHEMASSESWILLSTRUGGLEINANIMPOVERISHEDWASTELANDADIFFERENTANDNOTMUTUALLYEXCLUSIVE3HOLDSTHATTHEFUTUREWILLBEAWASTELANDOFADIFFERENTSORT,ONE4BYPURPOSELESSNESSWITHOUTJOBSTOGIVETHEIRLIVES5,PEOPLEWILLSIMPLYBECOMELAZYANDDEPRESSED6,TODAYSUNEMPLOYEDDONTSEEMTOBEHAVINGAGREATTIMEONEGALLUPPOLLFOUNDTHAT20PERCENTOFAMERICANSWHOHAVEBEENUNEMPLOYEDFORATLEASTAYEARREPORTHAVINGDEPRESSION,DOUBLETHERATEFOR7AMERICANSALSO,SOMERESEARCHSUGGESTSTHATTHE8FORRISINGRATESOFMORTALITY,MENTALHEALTHPROBLEMS,ANDADDICTING9POORLYEDUCATEDMIDDLEAGEDPEOPLEISSHORTAGEOFWELLPAIDJOBSPERHAPSTHISISWHYMANY10THEAGONIZINGDULLNESSOFAJOBLESSFUTUREBUTITDOESNT11FOLLOWFROMFINDINGSLIKETHESETHATAWORLDWITHOUTWORKWOULDBEFILLEDWITHUNEASESUCHVISIONSAREBASEDONTHE12OFBEINGUNEMPLOYEDINASOCIETYBUILTONTHECONCEPTOFEMPLOYMENTINTHE13OFWORK,ASOCIETYDESIGNEDWITHOTHERENDSINMINDCOULD14STRIKINGLYDIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCEDFORTHEFUTUREOFLABORANDLEISURETODAY,THE15OFWORKMAYBEABITOVERBLOWN“MANYJOBSAREBORING,DEGRADING,UNHEALTHY,ANDAWASTEOFHUMANPOTENTIAL,”SAYSJOHNDANAHER,ALECTURERATTHENATIONALUNIVERSITYOFIRELANDINGALWAYTHESEDAYS,BECAUSELEISURETIMEISRELATIVELY16FORMOSTWORKERS,PEOPLEUSETHEIRFREETIMETOCOUNTERBALANCETHEINTELLECTUALANDEMOTIONAL17OFTHEIRJOBS“WHENICOMEHOMEFROMAHARDDAYSWORK,IOFTENFEEL18,”DANAHERSAYS,ADDING,“INAWORLDINWHICHIDONTHAVETOWORK,IMIGHTFEELRATHERDIFFERENT”PERHAPSDIFFERENTENOUGHTOTHROWHIMSELF19AHOBBYORAPASSIONPROJECTWITHTHEINTENSITYUSUALLYRESERVEDFOR20MATTERS1ABOASTINGBDENYINGCWARNINGDENSURING【答案】CWARNING2AINEQUALITYBINSTABILITYCUNRELIABILITYDUNCERTAINTY【答案】AINEQUALITY3APOLICYBGUIDELINECRESOLUTIONDPREDICTION【答案】DPREDICTION4ACHARACTERIZEDBDIVIDEDCBALANCEDDMEASURED【答案】ACHARACTERIZED5AWISDOMBMEANINGCGLORYDFREEDOM【答案】BMEANING6AINSTEADBINDEEDCTHUSDNEVERTHELESS【答案】BINDEED7ARICHBURBANCWORKINGDEDUCATED【答案】CWORKING8AEXPLANATIONBREQUIREMENTCCOMPENSATIONDSUBSTITUTE【答案】AEXPLANATION9AUNDERBBEYONDCALONGSIDEDAMONG【答案】DAMONG10ALEAVEBEHINDBMAKEUPCWORRYABOUTDSETASIDE【答案】CWORRYABOUT11ASTATISTICALLYBOCCASIONALLYCNECESSARILYDECONOMICALLY【答案】CNECESSARILY12ACHANCESBDOWNSIDESCBENEFITSDPRINCIPLES【答案】BDOWNSIDES13AABSENCEBHEIGHTCFACEDCOURSE【答案】AABSENCE14ADISTURBBRESTORECEXCLUDEDYIELD【答案】DYIELD15AMODELBPRACTICECVIRTUEDHARDSHIP【答案】CVIRTUE16ATRICKYBLENGTHYCMYSTERIOUSDSCARCE【答案】DSCARCE17ADEMANDSBSTANDARDSCQUALITIESDTHREATS【答案】ADEMANDS18AIGNOREDBTIREDCCONFUSEDDSTARVED【答案】BTIRED19AOFFBAGAINSTCBEHINDDINTO【答案】DINTO20ATECHNOLOGICALBPROFESSIONALCEDUCATIONALDINTERPERSONAL【答案】BPROFESSIONALSECTIONIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTADIRECTIONSREADTHEFOLLOWINGFOURTEXTSANSWERTHEQUESTIONSBELOWEACHTEXTBYCHOOSINGA,B,CORDMARKYOURANSWERSONTHEANSWERSHEET40POINTSTEXT1EVERYSATURDAYMORNING,AT9AM,MORETHAN50,000RUNNERSSETOFFTORUN5KMAROUNDTHEIRLOCALPARKTHEPARKRUNPHENOMENONBEGANWITHADOZENFRIENDSANDHASINSPIRED400EVENTSINTHEUKANDMOREABROADEVENTSAREFREE,STAFFEDBYTHOUSANDSOFVOLUNTEERSRUNNERSRANGEFROMFOURYEARSOLDTOGRANDPARENTSTHEIRTIMESRANGEFROMANDREWBADDELEYSWORLDRECORD13MINUTES48SECONDSUPTOANHOURPARKRUNISSUCCEEDINGWHERELONDONSOLYMPIC“LEGACY”ISFAILINGTENYEARSAGOONMONDAY,ITWASANNOUNCEDTHATTHEGAMESOFTHE30THOLYMPIADWOULDBEINLONDONPLANNINGDOCUMENTSPLEDGEDTHATTHEGREATLEGACYOFTHEGAMESWOULDBETOLEVELANATIONOFSPORTLOVERSAWAYFROMTHEIRCOUCHESTHEPOPULATIONWOULDBEFITTER,HEALTHIERANDPRODUCEMOREWINNERSITHASNOTHAPPENEDTHENUMBEROFADULTSDOINGWEEKLYSPORTDIDRISE,BYNEARLY2MILLIONINTHERUNUPTO2012BUTTHEGENERALPOPULATIONWASGROWINGFASTERWORSE,THENUMBERSARENOWFALLINGATANACCELERATINGRATETHEOPPOSITIONCLAIMSPRIMARYSCHOOLPUPILSDOINGATLEASTTWOHOURSOFSPORTAWEEKHAVENEARLYHALVEDOBESITYHASRISENAMONGADULTSANDCHILDRENOFFICIALRETROSPECTIONSCONTINUEASTOWHYLONDON2012FAILEDTO“INSPIREAGENERATION”THESUCCESSOFPARKRUNOFFERSANSWERSPARKUNISNOTARACEBUTATIMETRIALYOURONLYCOMPETITORISTHECLOCKTHEETHOSWELCOMESANYBODYTHEREISASMUCHJOYOVERAPUFFEDOUTFIRSTTIMERBEINGCLAPPEDOVERTHELINEASTHEREISABOUTTOPTALENTSHININGTHEOLYMPICBIDDERS,BYCONTRAST,WANTEDTOGETMOREPEOPLEDOINGSPORTSANDTOPRODUCEMOREELITEATHLETESTHEDUALAIMWASMIXEDUPTHESTRESSONSUCCESSOVERTAKINGPARTWASINTIMIDATINGFORNEWCOMERSINDEED,THEREISSOMETHINGALITTLEABSURDINTHESTATEGETTINGINVOLVEDINTHEPLANNINGOFSUCHAFUNDAMENTALLY“GRASSROOTS”,CONCEPTASCOMMUNITYSPORTSASSOCIATIONSIFTHEREISAROLEFORGOVERNMENT,ITSHOULDREALLYBEGETTINGINVOLVEDINPROVIDINGCOMMONGOODSMAKINGSURETHEREISSPACEFORPLAYINGFIELDSANDTHEMONEYTOPAVETENNISANDNETBALLCOURTS,ANDENCOURAGINGTHEPROVISIONOFALLTHESEACTIVITIESINSCHOOLSBUTSUCCESSIVEGOVERNMENTSHAVEPRESIDEDOVERSELLINGGREENSPACES,SQUEEZINGMONEYFROMLOCALAUTHORITIESANDDECLININGATTENTIONONSPORTINEDUCATIONINSTEADOFWORDY,WORTHYSTRATEGIES,FUTUREGOVERNMENTSNEEDTODOMORETOPROVIDETHECONDITIONSFORSPORTTOTHRIVEORATLEASTNOTMAKETHEMWORSE21ACCORDINGTOPARAGRAPH1,PARKRUNHASAGAINEDGREATPOPULARITYBCREATEDMANYJOBSCSTRENGTHENEDCOMMUNITYTIESDBECOMEANOFFICIALFESTIVAL【答案】AGAINEDGREATPOPULARITY22THEAUTHORBELIEVESTHATLONDONSOLYMPIC“LEGACY”HASFAILEDTOABOOSTPOPULATIONGROWTHBPROMOTESPORTPARTICIPATIONCIMPROVETHECITYSIMAGEDINCREASESPORTHOURSINSCHOOLS【答案】BPROMOTESPORTPARTICIPATION23PARKRUNISDIFFERENTFROMOLYMPICGAMESINTHATITAAIMSATDISCOVERINGTALENTSBFOCUSESONMASSCOMPETITIONCDOESNOTEMPHASIZEELITISMDDOESNOTATTRACTFIRSTTIMERS【答案】CDOESNOTEMPHASIZEELITISM24WITHREGARDTOMASSSPORT,THEAUTHORHOLDSTHATGOVERNMENTSSHOULDAORGANIZE“GRASSROOTS”SPORTSEVENTSBSUPERVISELOCALSPORTSASSOCIATIONSCINCREASEFUNDSFORSPORTSCLUBSDINVESTINPUBLICSPORTSFACILITIES【答案】DINVESTINPUBLICSPORTSFACILITIES25THEAUTHORSATTITUDETOWHATUKGOVERNMENTSHAVEDONEFORSPORTSISATOLERANTBCRITICALCUNCERTAINDSYMPATHETIC【答案】BCRITICALTEXT2WITHSOMUCHFOCUSONCHILDRENSUSEOFSCREENS,ITSEASYFORPARENTSTOFORGETABOUTTHEIROWNSCREENUSE“TECHISDESIGNEDTOREALLYSUCKONYOUIN,”SAYSJENNYRADESKYINHERSTUDYOFDIGITALPLAY,“ANDDIGITALPRODUCTSARETHERETOPROMOTEMAXIMALENGAGEMENTITMAKESITHARDTODISENGAGE,ANDLEADSTOALOTOFBLEEDOVERINTOTHEFAMILYROUTINE”RADESKYHASSTUDIEDTHEUSEOFMOBILEPHONESANDTABLETSATMEALTIMESBYGIVINGMOTHERCHILDPAIRSAFOODTESTINGEXERCISESHEFOUNDTHATMOTHERSWHOSUEDDEVICESDURINGTHEEXERCISESTARTED20PERCENTFEWERVERBALAND39PERCENTFEWERNONVERBALINTERACTIONSWITHTHEIRCHILDRENDURINGASEPARATEOBSERVATION,SHESAWTHATPHONESBECAMEASOURCEOFTENSIONINTHEFAMILYPARENTSWOULDBELOOKINGATTHEIREMAILSWHILETHECHILDRENWOULDBEMAKINGEXCITEDBIDSFORTHEIRATTENTIONINFANTSAREWIREDTOLOOKATPARENTSFACESTOTRYTOUNDERSTANDTHEIRWORLD,ANDIFTHOSEFACESAREBLANKANDUNRESPONSIVEASTHEYOFTENAREWHENABSORBEDINADEVICEITCANBEEXTREMELYDISCONCERTINGFOETHECHILDRENRADESKYCITESTHE“STILLFACEEXPERIMENT”DEVISEDBYDEVELOPMENTALPSYCHOLOGISTEDTRONICKINTHE1970SINIT,AMOTHERISASKEDTOINTERACTWITHHERCHILDINANORMALWAYBEFOREPUTTINGONABLANKEXPRESSIONANDNOTGIVINGTHEMANYVISUALSOCIALFEEDBACKTHECHILDBECOMESINCREASINGLYDISTRESSEDASSHETRIESTOCAPTUREHERMOTHERSATTENTION“PARENTSDONTHAVETOBEEXQUISITELYPARENTSATALLTIMES,BUTTHERENEEDSTOBEABALANCEANDPARENTSNEEDTOBERESPONSIVEANDSENSITIVETOACHILDSVERBALORNONVERBALEXPRESSIONSOFANEMOTIONALNEED,”SAYSRADESKYONTHEOTHERHAND,TRONICKHIMSELFISCONCERNEDTHATTHEWORRIESABOUTKIDSUSEOFSCREENSAREBORNOUTOFAN“OPPRESSIVEIDEOLOGYTHATDEMANDSTHATPARENTSSHOULDALWAYSBEINTERACTING”WITHTHEIRCHILDREN“ITSBASEDONASOMEWHATFANTASIZED,VERYWHITE,VERYUPPERMIDDLECLASSIDEOLOGYTHATSAYSIFYOUREFAILINGTOEXPOSEYOURCHILDTO30,000WORDSYOUARENEGLECTINGTHEM”TRONICKBELIEVESTHATJUSTBECAUSEACHILDISNTLEARNINGFROMTHESCREENDOESNTMEANTHERESNOVALUETOITPARTICULARLYIFITGIVESPARENTSTIMETOHAVEASHOWER,DOHOUSEWORKORSIMPLYHAVEABREAKFROMTHEIRCHILDPARENTS,HESAYS,CANGETALOTOUTOFUSINGTHEIRDEVICESTOSPEAKTOAFRIENDORGETSOMEWORKOUTOFTHEWAYTHISCANMAKETHEMFEELHAPPIER,WHICHLETSTHENBEMOREAVAILABLETOTHEIRCHILDTHERESTOFTHETIME26ACCORDINGTOJENNYRADESKY,DIGITALPRODUCTSAREDESIGNEDTO_ASIMPLIFYROUTINEMATTERSBABSORBUSERATTENTIONCBETTERINTERPERSONALRELATIONSDINCREASEWORKEFFICIENCY【答案】BABSORBUSERATTENTION27RADESKYSFOODTESTINGEXERCISESHOWSTHATMOTHERSUSEOFDEVICES_ATAKESAWAYBABIESAPPETITEBDISTRACTSCHILDRENSATTENTIONCSLOWSDOWNBABIESVERBALDEVELOPMENTDREDUCESMOTHERCHILDCOMMUNICATION【答案】DREDUCESMOTHERCHILDCOMMUNICATION28RADESKYSCITESTHE“STILLFACEEXPERIMENT”TOSHOWTHAT_AITISEASYFORCHILDRENTOGETUSEDTOBLANKEXPRESSIONSBVERBALEXPRESSIONSAREUNNECESSARYFOREMOTIONALEXCHANGECCHILDRENAREINSENSITIVETOCHANGESINTHEIRPARENTSMOODDPARENTSNEEDTORESPONDTOCHILDRENSEMOTIONALNEEDS【答案】DPARENTSNEEDTORESPONDTOCHILDRENSEMOTIONALNEEDS29THEOPPRESSIVEIDEOLOGYMENTIONEDBYTRONICKREQUIRESPARENTSTO_APROTECTKIDSFROMEXPOSURETOWILDFANTASIESBTEACHTHEIRKIDSATLEAST30,000WORDSAYEARCENSURECONSTANTINTERACTIONWITHTHEIRCHILDRENDREMAINCONCERNEDABOUTKIDSUSEOFSCREENS【答案】CENSURECONSTANTINTERACTIONWITHTHEIRCHILDREN30ACCORDINGTOTRONICK,KIDSUSEOFSCREENSMAY_AGIVETHEIRPARENTSSOMEFREETIMEBMAKETHEIRPARENTSMORECREATIVECHELPTHEMWITHTHEIRHOMEWORKDHELPTHEMBECOMEMOREATTENTIVE【答案】AGIVETHEIRPARENTSSOMEFREETIMETEXT3TODAY,WIDESPREADSOCIALPRESSURETOIMMEDIATELYGOTOCOLLEGEINCONJUNCTIONWITHINCREASINGLYHIGHEXPECTATIONSINAFASTMOVINGWORLDOFTENCAUSESSTUDENTSTOCOMPLETELYOVERLOOKTHEPOSSIBILITYOFTAKINGAGAPYEARAFTERALL,IFEVERYONEYOUKNOWISGOINGTOCOLLEGEINTHEFALL,ITSEEMSSILLYTOSTAYBACKAYEAR,DOESNTITANDAFTERGOINGTOSCHOOLFOR12YEARS,ITDOESNTFEELNATURALTOSPENDAYEARDOINGSOMETHINGTHATISNTACADEMICBUTWHILETHISMAYBETRUE,ITSNOTAGOODENOUGHREASONTOCONDEMNGAPYEARSTHERESALWAYSACONSTANTFEAROFFALLINGBEHINDEVERYONEELSEONTHESOCIALLYPERPETUATED“RACETOTHEFINISHLINE,”WHETHERTHATBETOWARDGRADUATESCHOOL,MEDICALSCHOOLORLUCRATIVECAREERBUTDESPITECOMMONMISCONCEPTIONS,AGAPYEARDOESNOTHINDERTHESUCCESSOFACADEMICPURSUITSINFACT,ITPROBABLYENHANCESITSTUDIESFROMTHEUNITEDSTATESANDAUSTRALIASHOWTHATSTUDENTSWHOTAKEAGAPYEARAREGENERALLYBETTERPREPAREDFORANDPERFORMBETTERINCOLLEGETHANTHOSEWHODONOTRATHERTHANPULLINGSTUDENTSBACK,AGAPYEARPUSHESTHEMAHEADBYPREPARINGTHEMFORINDEPENDENCE,NEWRESPONSIBILITIESANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGESALLTHINGSTHATFIRSTYEARSTUDENTSOFTENSTRUGGLEWITHTHEMOSTGAPYEAREXPERIENCESCANLESSENTHEBLOWWHENITCOMESTOADJUSTINGTOCOLLEGEANDBEINGTHROWNINTOABRANDNEWENVIRONMENT,MAKINGITEASIERTOFOCUSONACADEMICSANDACTIVITIESRATHERTHANACCLIMATIONBLUNDERSIFYOURENOTCONVINCEDOFTHEINHERENTVALUEINTAKINGAYEAROFFTOEXPLOREINTERESTS,THENCONSIDERITSFINANCIALIMPACTONFUTUREACADEMICCHOICESACCORDINGTOTHENATIONALCENTERFOREDUCATIONSTATISTICS,NEARLY80PERCENTOFCOLLEGESTUDENTSENDUPCHANGINGTHEIRMAJORSATLEASTONCETHISISNTSURPRISING,CONSIDERINGTHEBASICMANDATORYHIGHSCHOOLCURRICULUMLEAVESSTUDENTSWITHAPOORUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEMSELVESLISTINGONEMAJORONTHEIRCOLLEGEAPPLICATIONS,BUTSWITCHINGTOANOTHERAFTERTAKINGCOLLEGECLASSESITSNOTNECESSARILYABADTHING,BUTDEPENDINGONTHESCHOOL,ITCANBECOSTLYTOMAKEUPCREDITSAFTERSWITCHINGTOOLATEINTHEGAMEATBOSTONCOLLEGE,FOREXAMPLE,YOUWOULDHAVETOCOMPLETEANEXTRAYEARWEREYOUTOSWITCHTOTHENURSINGSCHOOLFROMANOTHERDEPARTMENTTAKINGAGAPYEARTOFIGURETHINGSOUTINITIALLYCANHELPPREVENTSTRESSANDSAVEMONEYLATERON31ONEOFTHEREASONSFORHIGHSCHOOLGRADUATESNOTTAKINGAGAPYEARISTHATATHEYTHINKITACADEMICALLYMISLEADINGBTHEYHAVEALOTOFFUNTOEXPECTINCOLLEGECITFEELSSTRANGETODODIFFERENTLYFROMOTHERSDITSEEMSWORTHLESSTOTAKEOFFCAMPUSCOURSES【答案】CITFEELSSTRANGETODODIFFERENTLYFROMOTHERS32STUDIESFROMTHEUSANDAUSTRALIAIMPLYTHATTAKINGAGAPYEARHELPSAKEEPSTUDENTSFROMBEINGUNREALISTICBLOWERRISKSINCHOOSINGCAREERSCEASEFRESHMENSFINANCIALBURDENSDRELIEVEFRESHMENOFPRESSURES【答案】DRELIEVEFRESHMENOFPRESSURES33THEWORD“ACCLIMATION”LINE8,PARA3ISCLOSESTINMEANINGTOAADAPTATIONBAPPLICATIONCMOTIVATIONDCOMPETITION【答案】AADAPTATION34AGAPYEARMAYSAVEMONEYFORSTUDENTSBYHELPINGTHEMAAVOIDACADEMICFAILURESBESTABLISHLONGTERMGOALSCSWITCHTOANOTHERCOLLEGEDDECIDEONTHERIGHTMAJOR【答案】DDECIDEONTHERIGHTMAJOR35THEMOSTSUITABLETITLEFORTHISTEXTWOULDBEAINFAVOROFTHEGAPYEARBTHEABCSOFTHEGAPYEARCTHEGAPYEARCOMESBACKDTHEGAPYEARADILEMMA【答案】AINFAVOROFTHEGAPYEARTEXT4THOUGHOFTENVIEWEDASAPROBLEMFORWESTERNSTATES,THEGROWINGFREQUENCYOFWILDFIRESISANATIONALCONCERNBECAUSEOFITSIMPACTONFEDERALTAXDOLLARS,SAYSPROFESSORMAXMORITZ,ASPECIALISTINFIREECOLOGYANDMANAGEMENTIN2015,THEUSFORESTSERVICEFORTHEFIRSTTIMESPENTMORETHANHALFOFITS55BILLIONANNUALBUDGETFIGHTINGFIRESNEARLYDOUBLETHEPERCENTAGEITSPENTONSUCHEFFORTS20YEARSAGOINEFFECT,FEWERFEDERALFUNDSTODAYAREGOINGTOWARDSTHEAGENCYSOTHERWORKSUCHASFORESTCONSERVATION,WATERSHEDANDCULTURALRESOURCESMANAGEMENT,ANDINFRASTRUCTUREUPKEEPTHATAFFECTTHELIVESOFALLAMERICANSANOTHERNATIONWIDECONCERNISWHETHERPUBLICFUNDSFROMOTHERAGENCIESAREGOINGINTOCONSTRUCTIONINFIREPRONEDISTRICTSASMORITZPUTSIT,HOWOFTENAREFEDERALDOLLARSBUILDINGHOMESTHATARELIKELYTOBELOSTTOAWILDFIRE“ITSALREADYAHUGEPROBLEMFROMAPUBLICEXPENDITUREPERSPECTIVEFORTHEWHOLECOUNTRY,”HESAYS”WENEEDTOTAKEAMAGNIFYINGGLASSTOTHATLIKE,“WAITAMINUTE,ISTHISOK”“DOWEWANTINSTEADTOREDIRECTTHOSEFUNDSTOCONCENTRATEONLOWERHAZARDPARTSOFTHELANDSCAPE”SUCHAVIEWWOULDREQUIREACORRESPONDINGSHIFTINTHEWAYUSSOCIETYTODAYVIEWSFIRE,RESEARCHERSSAYFORONETHING,CONVERSATIONSABOUTWILDFIRESNEEDTOBEMOREINCLUSIVEOVERTHEPASTDECADE,THEFOCUSHASBEENONCLIMATECHANGEHOWTHEWARMINGOFTHEEARTHFROMGREENHOUSEGASESISLEADINGTOCONDITIONSTHATWORSENFIRESWHILECLIMATEISAKEYELEMENT,MORITZSAYS,ITSHOULDNTCOMEATTHEEXPENSEOFTHERESTOFTHEEQUATION“THEHUMANSYSTEMSANDTHELANDSCAPESWELIVEONARELINKED,ANDTHEINTERACTIONSGOBOTHWAYS,”HESAYSFAILINGTORECOGNIZETHAT,HENOTES,LEADSTO“ANOVERLYSIMPLIFIEDVIEWOFWHATTHESOLUTIONSMIGHTBEOURPERCEPTIONOFTHEPROBLEMANDOFWHATTHESOLUTIONISBECOMESVERYLIMITED”ATTHESAMETIME,PEOPLECONTINUETOTREATFIREASANEVENTTHATNEEDSTOBEWHOLLYCONTROLLEDANDUNLEASHEDONLYOUTOFNECESSITY,SAYSPROFESSORBALCHATTHEUNIVERSITYOFCOLORADOBUTACKNOWLEDGINGFIRESINEVITABLEPRESENCEINHUMANLIFEISANATTITUDECRUCIALTODEVELOPINGTHELAWS,POLICIES,ANDPRACTICESTHATMAKEITASSAFEASPOSSIBLE,SHESAYS“WEVEDISCONNECTEDOURSELVESFROMLIVINGWITHFIRE,”BALCHSAYS“ITISREALLYIMPORTANTTOUNDERSTANDANDTRYANDTEASEOUTWHATISTHEHUMANCONNECTIONWITHFIRETODAY”36MOREFREQUENTWILDFIRESHAVEBECOMEANATIONALCONCERNBECAUSEIN2015THEYAEXHAUSTEDUNPRECEDENTEDMANAGEMENTEFFORTSBCONSUMEDARECORDHIGHPERCENTAGEOFBUDGETCSEVERELYDAMAGEDTHEECOLOGYOFWESTERNSTATESDCAUSEDAHUGERISEOFINFRASTRUCTUREEXPENDITURE【答案】BCONSUMEDARECORDHIGHPERCENTAGEOFBUDGET37MORITZCALLSFORTHEUSEOF“AMAGNIFYINGGLASS”TOARAISEMOREFUNDSFORFIREPRONEAREASBAVOIDTHEREDIRECTIONOFFEDERALMONEYCFINDWILDFIREFREEPARTSOFTHELANDSCAPEDGUARANTEESAFERSPENDINGOFPUBLICFUNDS【答案】DGUARANTEESAFERSPENDINGOFPUBLICFUNDS38WHILEADMITTINGTHATCLIMATEISAKEYELEMENT,MORITZNOTESTHATAPUBLICDEBATESHAVENOTSETTLEDYETBFIREFIGHTINGCONDITIONSAREIMPROVINGCOTHERFACTORSSHOULDNOTBEOVERLOOKEDDASHIFTINTHEVIEWOFFIREHASTAKENPLACE【答案】COTHERFACTORSSHOULDNOTBEOVERLOOKED39THEOVERLYSIMPLIFIEDVIEWMORITZMENTIONSISARESULTOFFAILINGTOADISCOVERTHEFUNDAMENTALMAKEUPOFNATUREBEXPLORETHEMECHANISMOFTHEHUMANSYSTEMSCMAXIMIZETHEROLEOFLANDSCAPEINHUMANLIFEDUNDERSTANDTHEINTERRELATIONSOFMANANDNATURE【答案】DUNDERSTANDTHEINTERRELATIONSOFMANANDNATURE40PROFESSORBALCHPOINTSOUTTHATFIREISSOMETHINGMANSHOULDADOAWAYWITHBCOMETOTERMSWITHCPAYAPRICEFORDKEEPAWAYFROM【答案】BCOMETOTERMSWITHPARTBDIRECTIONSREADTHEFOLLOWINGTEXTANDMATCHEACHOFTHENUMBEREDITEMSINTHELEFTCOLUMNTOITSCORRESPONDINGINFORMATIONINTHERIGHTCOLUMNTHEREARETWOEXTRACHOICESINTHERIGHTCOLUMNMARKYOURANSWERSONTHEANSWERSHEET10POINTSTHEDECLINEINAMERICANMANUFACTURINGISACOMMONREFRAIN,PARTICULARLYFROMDONALDTRUMP“WEDONTMAKEANYTHINGANYMORE,”HETOLDFOXNEWS,WHILEDEFENDINGHISOWNMADEINMEXICOCLOTHINGLINEWITHOUTQUESTION,MANUFACTURINGHASTAKENASIGNIFICANTHITDURINGRECENTDECADES,ANDFURTHERTRADEDEALSRAISEQUESTIONSABOUTWHETHERNEWSHOCKSCOULDHITMANUFACTURINGBUTTHEREISALSOADIFFERENTWAYTOLOOKATTHEDATAACROSSTHECOUNTRY,FACTORYOWNERSARENOWGRAPPLINGWITHANEWCHALLENGEINSTEADOFHAVINGTOOMANYWORKERS,THEYMAYENDUPWITHTOOFEWDESPITETRADECOMPETITIONANDOUTSOURCING,AMERICANMANUFACTURINGSTILLNEEDSTOREPLACETENSOFTHOUSANDSOFRETIRINGBOOMERSEVERYYEARSMILLENNIALSMAYNOTBETHATINTERESTEDINTAKINGTHEIRPLACE,OTHERINDUSTRIESARERECRUITINGTHEMWITHSIMILARORBETTERPAYFORFACTORYOWNERS,ITALLADDSUPTOSTIFFCOMPETITIONFORWORKERSANDUPWARDPRESSUREONWAGES“THEYREHARDERTOFINDANDTHEYHAVEJOBOFFERS,”SAYSJAYDUNWELL,PRESIDENTOFWOLVERINECOILSPRING,AFAMILYOWNEDFIRM,“THEYMAYBECOMINGINTOTHEWORKFORCE,BUTTHEYVEBEENPLUCKEDBYOTHERINDUSTRIESTHATAREALSODOINGANWELLASMANUFACTURING,”MRDUNWELLHASBEGUNBRINGINGHIGHSCHOOLJUNIORSTOTHEFACTORYSOTHEYCANGETEXPOSEDTOITSCULTUREATROMANMANUFACTURING,AMAKEROFELECTRICALTRANSFORMERSANDWELDINGEQUIPMENTTHATHISFATHERCOFOUNDEDIN1980,ROBERTROTHKEEPACLOSEEYEONTHEAGEOFHISNEARLY200WORKERS,FIVEARERETIRINGTHISYEARMRROTHHASTHREECOMMUNITYCOLLEGESTUDENTSENROLLEDINAWORKPLACEMENTPROGRAM,WITHASTARTINGWAGEOF13ANHOURTHATRISESTO17AFTERTWOYEARSATAWORKTABLEINSIDETHETRANSFORMERPLANT,YOUNGJASONSTENQUISTLOOKSFLUSTEREDBYTHECOPPERCOILSHESTRYINGTOASSEMBLEANDTHEARRIVALOFTWOVISITORSITSHISFIRSTWEEKONTHEJOBASKEDABOUTHISCHOICEOFCAREER,HESAYSATHIGHSCHOOLHECONSIDEREDMEDICALSCHOOLBEFORESWITCHINGTOELECTRICALENGINEERING“ILOVEWORKINGWITHTOOLSILOVECREATING”HESAYSBUTTOWINOVERTHESEYOUNGWORKERS,MANUFACTURERSHAVETOCLEARANOTHERMAJORHURDLEPARENTS,WHOLIVEDTHROUGHTHEWORSTUSECONOMICDOWNTURNSINCETHEGREATDEPRESSION,TELLINGTHEMTOAVOIDTHEFACTORYMILLENNIALS“REMEMBERTHEIRFATHERANDMOTHERBOTHWERELAIDOFFTHEYBLAMEITONTHEMANUFACTURINGRECESSION,”SAYSBIRGITKLOHS,CHIEFEXECUTIVEOFTHERIGHTPLACE,ABUSINESSDEVELOPMENTAGENCYFORWESTERNMICHIGANTHESECONCERNSARENTMISPLACEDEMPLOYMENTINMANUFACTURINGHASFALLENFROM17MILLIONIN1970TO12MILLIONIN2013WHENTHERECOVERYBEGAN,WORKERSHORTAGESFIRSTAPPEAREDINTHEHIGHSKILLEDTRADESNOWSHORTAGESAREAPPEARINGATTHEMIDSKILLLEVELS“THEGAPISBETWEENTHEJOBSTHATTAKETOSKILLSANDTHOSETHATREQUIREALOTOFSKILL,”SAYSROBSPOHR,ABUSINESSPROFESSORATMONTCALMCOMMUNITYCOLLEGE“THEREREENOUGHPEOPLETOFILLTHEJOBSATMCDONALDSANDOTHERPLACESWHEREYOUDONTNEEDTOHAVEMUCHSKILLITSTHATGAPINBETWEEN,ANDTHATSWHERETHEPROBLEMIS”JULIEPARKSOFGRANDRAPIDSCOMMUNITYPOINTSTOANOTHERKEYTOLURINGMILLENNIALSINTOMANUFACTURINGAWORK/LIFEBALANCEWHILETHEIRPARENTSWERECONTENTTOWORKLONGHOURS,YOUNGPEOPLEVALUEFLEXIBILITY“OVERTIMEISNOTATTRACTIVETOTHISGENERATIONTHEYREALLYWANTTOLIVETHEIRLIVES,”SHESAYSASAYSTHATHESWITCHEDTOELECTRICALENGINEERINGBECAUSEHELOVESWORKINGWITHTOOLS41JAYDEU