中石化英语职称考试历年真题.doc

2012年中国石油职称英语考试题及相应参考答案类型 08 试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath eachsentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answerthat best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the worlds ten-largest languages _ population. A. in place of B. by means of C. in terms of D. by way of2. Four score and seven years ago our fathers _ on this continent a new nation. A. brought out B. brought forth C. brought about D. brought up3. The taxi had to because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up4. There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not hot, and winters are brisk _ freezing. A. in spite of B. other than C. rather than D. regardless of5. After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there A. in turn B. for good C. as usual D. at most6. Generous public funding of basic science would _ considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security. A. result from B. lie in C. lead to D. figure out7. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said. A. notice B. warning C. observation D. attention8. Our company decided to _ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. A. destroy B. forbidden C. assume D. cancel9. Well visit Australia next year _ we have enough money. A. provided B. unless C. until D. lest10. Scientists are about the formation of coal. A. confidential B. confer C. confident D. conform11. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A. peculiarly B. indifferently C. vigorously D. inevitably12. The Great Wall is a famous tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year. A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement13. Purchasing the new production line will be a _ deal for the corporation. A. profitable B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorite14. He felt a bit because her life seemed completely out of balance. A. depressed B. suppress C. thoughtful D. weakness15. Some people wait for_ to come knocking. Some people sought it out. A. necessity B. opportunity C. reality D. probability16. Some younger workers assume older workers cant keep _ with fast-changing technology and business pressures. A. pace B. step C. progress D. touch17. If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for _ and forming a new plan of action. A. result B. solutions C. response D. settlement18. The lead pencil is the simplest, most and least expensive of all writing instruments. A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. standard19. Now insurance companies are near the top of the _ of the biggest business in the United States. A. chart B. form C. list D. table20. Sales-promotion methods, to be effective, should be with local preference. A. consistent B. continuous C. considerate D. continualII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath eachsentence you will see Jbur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answerthat best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and _ to keep his head clear. A. tried B. trying C. being tried D. was tried22. Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he to see you. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come23. With all the things she needed she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to have bought24. I appreciated _ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given25. He has won the first place, _ is clear from the expressions on his face. A. that B. as C. what D. when26. Only later what a terrible thing had happened. A. they have realized B. did they realize C. they realized D. they realize27. _ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar. A. Tracked B. To track C. Being tracked D. The tracking of28. I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has _ to take us all. A. very small a car B. too small a car C. a too small car D. such a small car29. He is taller than A. any other boy in the class B. any boy in the class C. all boys in the class D. you and me as well as the class30. Physics as well as other subjects _ a science. A. was B. is C. are D. belong to31. I always get confused about tipping in this country. Usually you _ to leave 15 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi drivers expect 10 or 15 percent, too. A. ought B. should C. might D. can 32. millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way. A. It is estimated that B. An estimate that C. That is estimated D. That the estimate 33. As resident of Texas, Dennis _ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938. A. when elected B. elected C. who was elected D. was elected 34. The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets _ they are able to make about twenty different sounds. A. will be kept B. are to be kept C. shall keep D. shall have kept 35. Green have the power to make food from substances found in the air and soil. A. only plants B. plants alone C. the only plants D. plants are alone 36. China and America are separated by _ A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean C. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans 37. I dont like your attitude. I dont care _ A. if or not you like it B. whether you like it or not C. do you like it or not D. you like it or not38. _ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather. A. Where B. How C. Whenever D. While39. Many live in Hawaii, more than _ of whose people boast on Asian or Polynesian heritage. A. two-thirds B. two-third C. second-third D. two-three40. It is the earths 40 mile deep crust with _ we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. A. that B. what C. which D. whomIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage: Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with sometype of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of lightor darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons. One of the most remarkable of natures living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab,that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long knownthat the crabs shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, thenbegins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable forprotection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be asimple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan during the dayand lose it at night. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he wasamazed to find that the color of the crabs shell kept ticking off the time with thesame accuracy. Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crabs shell reached the darkest colorabout 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for thetides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabswere taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidalrhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reachedits darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboringisland. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later thanthe Cape Cod tides. Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and springmigrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows themto time hours of darkness or light in each day. But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. AlbertWolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flightis extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nightscause the clocks in migratory birds to undergo a kind of winding in preparationfor their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clockticks, certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each dayduring the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when thealarm will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run throughbreeding time, then stops-to be re-wound again the next fall. Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset,speeded up or slowed down-all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S.Department of Agricultures research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shownthat plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing or lesseningthe hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growthoff and on like an electric switch. New knowledge about natures living clocks has practical applications. For man,too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varieswith the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with the clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating way our bodies work. 41. Although scientists know that the number of hours of daylight controls the actions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factor because A. the fiddler crabs shell reached the darkest color at the same time in Cape Cod, Massachusetts and its neighboring island B. the fiddler crab continued to change color in the dark C. plants will not grow without sunlight D. all of the above 42. From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur most spectacularly _ A. in the higher orders of living things B. in the lower orders of living things C. in birds and animals D. in man43. Scientists have learned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmical activities of A. migrating birds B. growing plants C. body cells D. fiddler crabs44. This article is basically _ A. informational B. entertaining C. inspirational D. controversialQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according toDr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try toconquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent andthereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives. Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty toseveral of the following bad listening habits: Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker isgoing to say. Or his subject couldnt interest you less. You mm off your ears-andwho knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subjectmay come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk? Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you,so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong.If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that theymake sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listenand understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp anover-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try. Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series offacts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for yourschool paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try tomemorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind,repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look formain ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later. Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speakerswords on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You areunable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points.Where note-taking is necessary-and you may be surprised to find out how often itisnt if you concentrate fully on listening-try to jot down only a memory-joggingword or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The morecomplete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later. Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speakerlooks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously youdecide that a person who dresses or speaks like that cant have much to say. Thatcould be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? Its the oldstory: you cant judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heardhim out. So there are the forces-some within ourselves, some outside-that workagainst us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fightthem, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45. The author suggests that it is a serious mistake A. to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond you B. to stop listening when the speakers voice is not clear C. to look away from the speaker D. to do anything physical while listening46. The author advises against A. taking notes B. trying to remember details rather than main ideas C. listening too intently D. reviewing the material after the speech is finished47. Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from it that A. he should never choose a controversial topic B. he should speak as quickly as possible C. humor is a necessary part of a good speech D. his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not attract unfavorable attention48. A person with several bad listening habits would be considered by Dr. Nichols A. hopeless B. normal C. a difficult case D. lazyQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, orpetroleum-a dark, thick ooze from the earth-had been known for hundreds ofyears. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850s Samuel M. Kier, amanufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepageand refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removingimpurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, whichwas becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. Peoplebegan to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed soimpractical and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly. But when he haddrilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania.The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild Westatmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosenecontinued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. Inthe 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other products such as waxesand lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.49. What is the best title for the passag