议论文写作技巧.doc

英语范文 议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。 英语议论文的结构一般较为固定,通常包括以下三部分: 1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题; 2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论; 3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。 写议论文要考虑论点,考虑用什么作论据来证明,怎样来论证,然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点,然后分别进行论述,分析各个分论点,最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事,一段对话,或描写一个场面,再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理,归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题,然后一一作答,逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照,然后得出结论。 在具体写作中要注意下列几点: 1. 议题的提出要开门见山,不要拖泥带水。 2. 议论时可以采用不同的方法。如:可以摆出正反两方面观点,进行对比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性,从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误,最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点,论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。 3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点,对讨论的问题做出总结。 4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用,以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括:first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore,consequently,in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等。 请看下面的范文: Shall we send children to study abroad? With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I dont think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, wed better not do it.根据提示，请以“School Rules”为题，写一篇短文或对话提示：每所学校都有规章制度，下面是你们学校的一些规章制度，请你向一位新生Mary作一下介绍。内容包括：1. 上课不能迟到。2. 教室要保持(keep)干净和安静。3. 见到老师要问好。（greet)4. 不允许在教室里吃东西。5. 不许在课堂上听音乐，玩游戏。6. 不要损害花草树木。（pick flowers; climb trees）School Rules Welcome to our school, Mary. Here are some of our school rules. Let me tell you: We cant arrive late for class. We cant talk loudly in class. We have to be quiet in class, and we have to keep our class clean. When we meet the teachers on the way, we must greet them. We cant eat or drink in the classroom. But we can eat outside. We cant listen to music or play games in class, either. We cant pick flowers or climb trees.（书面表达2）根据提示写一封6080字的信。Tom 邀请Li Ping 参加他这周日的生日宴会，但Li Ping的父母出差要到下个月回来，奶奶又卧病在床，需要人照顾。再说英语考试即将来临，因此，无法前去参加生日宴会。Li Ping感到很抱歉，只好写信辞谢。Dear Tom,Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party.Id love to go but I cant.My parent_. From Li PingDear Tom,Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party.Id love to go but I cant.My parents are out on business.They are coming back next month.And now I have to look after my grandma because she is ill in bed.And I also need to study for my coming English exam.Im very sorry but I cant go to your party.Thank you for asking me.I hope you can have a good time.（书面表达3）一些英国朋友要来参加你们班举行的英语晚会。作为主持人，你需要用英语准备一份60-80个词的欢迎辞。包括以下英文提示的内容（开头已给出）：1. the number of students (boys 32, girls 28)2. What do you think of English?3. How do you learn English in your free time (magazines, TV, radio, etc)?4. Your English programs (plays, songs, etc).5. ending（结束语）Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our class and welcome to our English Evening.First of all, let me say a few words about our class.Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our class and welcome to our English Evening.First of all, let me say a few words about our class. There are 60 students in our class. 32 of us are boys and the others are girls. Most of us like English and study hard at it. In our free time we often read English books, newspapers and magazines. Sometimes we learn English on the radio and sometimes on TV. This evening youll enjoy some short plays, songs, dances and so on by our classmates.I hope youll like these programs and have a good time.Thank you!（书面表达4）根据以下情况写一篇短文介绍你的这位笔友李华，英文名叫Tony，是第一中学一年级二班的学生他出生于1989年8月12日他的出生地在广东深圳他今年13岁，爱好音乐和篮球他喜欢英语，爱玩电脑游戏他经常放学后与同学打篮球 B)写短文介绍,开头已给出I have a good pen pal. Let me tell you something about him._I have a good penfriend. Let me tell you something about him. His name is Li Hua. He has an English name. It is Tony. He is a middle school student in Class Two, Grade One of No. 1 Middle School. He is 13 years old now. He was born in Shenzhen, Guangdong. His birthday is August the twentieth. He likes playing basketball and listening to music. He often plays basketball with his classmates after school. His favourite subject is English and he likes playing computer games best. I like to write to him. He is my good friend.（书面表达5 ）请你以校办公室的名义用英语发一则Notice。告知初二学生明天将去四个地方作调查，注意事项写在提示里，题目：Notice。写作提示：1.visit four places2.tomorrow,leave after breakfast at 8:003.lunch at the place of e back in the afternoon5.four groups,each group to a place6.each class a group,say which place you want to visit,then tell the officeNoticeAll the students in Grade Two will visit four places tomorrow.You will leave school after breakfast at 8 o clock.Lunch will be at the place of visit.All must come back in the afternoon.Each class will be a group.There ll be four groups together.Each group will visit a place.Please tell the school office which place you want to visit.School Office in No.14 Middle SchoolMay 16th,2005（书面表达6 ）你和你的好朋友Jean发生了争执，在自我反省过后，你觉得有必要给她写一封信向她道歉，并向她提一些意见。请就此向她发一封e-mail表示你的诚意，60词以上。Dear Jean, I am sorry to argue with you several days ago.We haven t talked with each other these days.You are my best friend,aren t you?Few days ago when I heard you lost my lovely book,I was really mad,so I argued with you,and said that I could not be your friend from then on.Later,I didn t sleep well those days.I always remembered a lot of fun we had.So I decided to write a letter to say sorry to you.I also think you should be careful and take good care of your things.Let s be best friends again,OK?（书面表达7 ）假如你叫Han Meimei，现在青州一中上学。你的笔友Mary邀请你去参加聚会。请你用英语写一封信给Mary要点如下：1你很抱歉，不能去。2你母亲病了，医生叫她卧床几日，你要照顾母亲。3谢谢她寄来的漂亮的明信片，你很喜欢，将它放在书桌上。Dear Mary， Thank you very much for inviting me to your party But I am very sorry I cant comeMy mother is ill The doctor asks her to stay in bed for several days I have to take care of my motherThank you very much for sending me such a beautiful postcard I like it very much I am going to put it on my deskCould I hear from you soon Give my best wishes to your familyYours，Han Meimei（书面表达8 ）你有集邮（collect stamps）的爱好吗？请谈谈你集邮的历史。如果没有，也可以谈谈你别的爱好，以此为内容写一篇60词左右的短文。I like to collect many things,such as nice stones,names of movies,books,toys,photos of famous people.But I like collecting stamps best.I have been collecting stamps for five years.When I was very young,my uncle sent me a stamp from Australia.I loved it at once.Since then I tried to collect stamps and fell in love with it.I have more than one hundred stamps.Some were sent by my friends,some were collected by myself;some were from foiregn countries,some were Chinese.I