Unit-8-Cultivating-a-hobby.ppt

Unit8Cultivatingahobby Ifyouwouldpersuade youmustappealtointerestratherthanintellect BenjaminFranklinDiscussionWhatdoyouliketodomostinyoursparetime Whatkindofinfluencedoyouthinkithasonyoureverydaystudy 1 Nearlyeveryonehassomesortofhobby Whatisyours Howmuchdoyouthinkyourhobbymeanstoyourlife 2 Howdoyouthinkworkandpleasurearerelated Whatdoyouthinkofamanwhoworksallthetimewithoutanypleasure andalsoonewhoseekspleasureallthetimewithoutdoinganywork ThemeWritingandClassificationThemeWritingThethemeofthisshortessaybyChurchillisobvious thatis thesignificanceofcultivatingahobbyforrational industrioushumanbeings Butwhatisnoticeableisthatinthebeginningparagraphnothingissaidabouthobby noteventheword hobby ismentioned Instead ChurchillquotesanAmericanpsychologist sdefinitionofworryandfurtherexplainsit Toexplainhowahobbyperformsthisfunction hefirstofallexplainswhatworryreallyis Althoughheretheword hobby isnotmentionedatall thereareotherexpressionsthatareusedtorefertohobbyandshowthewayarightlychosenhobbyworkstoattenuateworry e g insinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp illuminationofanotherfieldofinterest ClassificationTheclassificationinParas 3and4isthedivisionofhumanbeingsintothreeclasses thosewhoaretoiledtodeath thosewhoareworriedtodeath andthosewhoareboredtodeath Theotherclassificationisthedivisionofrational industrious usefulhumanbeingsintotwoclasses thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure andthosewhoseworkandpleasureareone Thetwoclassificationsarerelatedinthatthethirdcategoryofhumanbeingsinthefirstclassification i e thosewhoareboredtodeath isnotincludedinthesecondclassification Obviously inChurchill sopinionthesecannotbejustifiablyregardedasrational industrious usefulhumanbeings andintheircase nohobbycanhelptorelievetheirboredom Hobbyisgoodonlyforthoserational industrious usefulhumanbeings nomatterwhethertheyregardworkandpleasureasoneorasseparate ButChurchillemphasizesthathobbyisallthemorenecessaryforthosewhointegratesworkandpleasure Thesearepeoplewhoneedmorethananyoneelseanalternativeoutlook achangeofatmosphere spasm Aspasmisasuddenstrongpainorunpleasantemotionwhichlastsforashortperiodoftime Aspasmofpainbroughthisthoughtsbacktothepresent Kempfeltaspasmoffear Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition Toargue is todisagree ofteninanangryway Inthissense itisapparentlyunwiseforonetorefusetoacceptthefactasitis Anyattempttocounteractthemindinsuchastatewillendinnogoodresult Thestrongerthewill themorefutilethetask Themoredeterminedyouaretotrytoremoveyouranxiety thelesslikelyyoumayexpecttoachieveanysuccess will determinationtask attempt efforttorelieve anxiety Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp insinuatev introduce suggest sth graduallyandindirectly toultimatelyremoveworry Theauthorisheresayingthatonecansolvethisproblemonlybydiverting slowlyandsteadily hisattention awayfromhisworry tosomethingelse supposedlyahobbyorinterestinthiscontext whichmayhopefullyhelpeasethestrainofthemind attendv gowith accompanye g Thedelegatestotheinternationalconferencewerewell attendedbybodyguardsincasualclothes Thepresidentelectsteppedontotheplatform attendedbyhisfamily ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationofanotherfieldofinterestifit thissomethingelse turnsouttobetrulyanewformofinterestillumination anincreasedunderstandingofsomething especiallysomethingofareligiousorspiritualnature aninterpretationthatremovesobstaclestounderstanding theoldunduegriprelaxestheoldexcessivelyfirmholdonyoubecomeslessfirmorslackens 1 While worry isdefinedasa spasmofemotion inthefirstsentenceofthepassage whatotherphrasesareusedinthefirstparagraphtorefertothisannoyingstateofthemind its themind s convulsivegrasp the old unduegrip 2 Whatdoestheword attended inPara 1mean accompanied apublicmanapersonengagedintheaffairsorserviceofthepeople Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbyamerecommandofthewill Butthisisnotataskthatcanbestartedovernightandthenaccomplishedasquicklyasonewishesittobe alternativementalinterestsotherinterestsofthemindalternativeadj thatmaybehadinsteadofanotherThereisnoalternativewayofdoingthis Ourwayistheonlyway Asfossilfuelsoneartharebeingexhausted whatalternativesourcesofenergycanwepossiblyrelyoninthefuture alternativen oneofanumberofthingsfromwhichonlyonecanbechosenIfyouthinkthesedictionariesaretooheavytocarry electronicdictionariesareanalternativeyoucanconsider tendv takegoodcareof lookaftere g Theheadnursetendedthepatientswithgreatcare Thefarmertendedhissheepwithlovingcare athand ratherformaluse nearintimeorplacee g Healwayskeepsadictionaryathand Thegraduationdayisathand cf atthehandsofexperiencingaparticularkindoftreatment esp anunpleasantone fromapersonororganizatione g TheJewscanneverforgetwhattheysufferedatthehandsoftheNazis 1 InPara 2Churchillusesametaphortodescribethecultivationofahobby Identifythemetaphorandthenexplainit Thelastsentence Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen whenneeded Thecultivationofahobbyiscomparedtothatofaplant Firstofall therighthobby theseedofaplant mustbecarefullychosenforaperson goodground thentheprocessofcultivatingahobby likethatofgrowingaplant requirescareandeffort Onlyinthiswaycanonereapinduetimethefruitofone slabour therelaxingeffectofone shobby Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat Itissenselessforone whoisalreadyfairlyold todeclareallofasuddenthatheisgoingtocultivateahobbyinoneformoranother thosewhoaretoiledtodeath thosewhoareworriedtodeath andthosewhoareboredtodeathtoiledtodeath workinghardalltheirlifetilltheirdeathworriedtodeath feelinganxiousalltheirlifetilltheirdeathboredtodeath feelinguninterested inlife alltheirlifetilltheirdeath 1 InPara 3Churchillbroadlydivideshumanbeingsintothreeclasses thosewhoaretoiledtodeath thosewhoareworriedtodeath andthosewhoareboredtodeath WhatkindsofpeopledoyouthinkChurchillhadinmindwhenhemadesuchaclassification 1 Thosewhoaretoiledtodeath referstomanuallabourers blue collarworkers Para 3 2 Thosewhoareworriedtodeath referstopeoplewhoworkwiththeirbrains e g professionals publicmen Para 3 3 Thosewhoareboredtodeath referstopeoplewhoarenotdoinganythingseriously perhapstheleisuredclass Thefourthparagraphrefersparticularlytothisclassofnon industriousanduselesscreatures commandv havecontrolof bemasterofe g Hecommandsalargesumofmoney Theseniorgeneralissaidtobetherealonewhocommandsthearmedforcesofthatstate gratifyeverycapricesatisfyeverywhimgratifyv satisfyadesire etc Thissetofencyclopaediaswillgratifyherthirstforknowledge capricen asuddenwishtohaveordosomethingwithoutanyreasonIhopeyourdecisiontoquitthejobisjustacaprice layone shandsonmanagetoobtaine g Hetriestolayhishandsoneverythingthatcomeshisway satiationn formalword thestateofhavingtoomuchofsomethingthatonegetstiredofite g Overindulgenceinanythingbringsaboutsatiation clatterandmotionfranticrushfromplacetoplace bythosewhocanwellaffordtomeetwhatevermaterialdemandtheycanthinkofandwhowishsoferventlythattheycouldthusberelievedoftheirboredom disciplineinoneformoranotherorderlyandcontrolledwayofbehavingandactinginvariousforms 1 WhydoesChurchillclassifyasunfortunatethosepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant gratifyeverycapriceandlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryobjectofdesire DoyouthinkChurchill sattitudetowardsthosepeopleisreallyoneofsympathy Para 4 Thesepeoplearesimplyhopeless nothingworkstorelievethemoftheirboredom Churchilldoesnotreallyfeelsympathetictowardsthem Notethephrase avengingboredom Heseemstothinkthatthisiswhattheydeserve 2 Howdoyouunderstandtheword discipline Regularity amoreregularizedwayoflife compensationn somethingreceivedasarepaymentforservices loss injury suffering etc e g Thefulfilmentofadifficulttaskisthebestformofcompensationforyourhardwork themeansofsustenancetheincometosupportthemselveswithfood drink andothernecessitiesoflife Fortune sfavouredchildrenChurchillismostprobablyreferringtothementallabourers whoseworkandpleasureareone insteadofthemanuallabourers whoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure anaturalharmonyanormal usualcombination ofpleasureandwork EachdayisaholidayAholidayisadayoffreedomfromworkwhenpeopletakepleasure However therearepeoplewhoenjoytheirworksomuchthattheywouldregardtheirworkasapleasureandfindtheirpleasureintheirwork Consequently theymakenodistinctionbetweenadayofrestandadayofwork Forthem eachdayisaholiday adiversionofeffortachangeinone sattempttodosth diversionn 1 somethingthatturnsone sattentiontosomethingelseWhathesaidwasadiversiontothemainpoint n 2 somethingthatamusesDiversionsaremanyandvariedinlargecities itmaywellbethat itislikelyorpossiblethat e g Hedidn tshowupattheparty Itmaywellbethathehadnointerestinit 1 Inwhatsensearethesecondclassofpeople i e thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone Fortune sfavouredchildren Para 5 Thereisneveraclashbetweenworkandpleasure Theyarealwayshappytowork 2 Identifytheexpressionsinthelasttwosentencesusedtorefertothenotionof hobby analternativeoutlook achangeofatmosphere adiversionofeffort ameansofbanishingit work fromtheirminds 1 Talkaboutyourownhobby Youcantellyourfellowstudentswhatyourhobbyis howitwascultivated andhowyouthinkitaffectsyourlife 2 DiscusswithyourfellowstudentsthetwoclassificationsofhumanbeingsChurchillmadeinthetext Doyouagreewithhim Doyouthinktheyaresensibleclassifications Whichcategorydoyouthinkyouyourselfbelongto Exposition ContrastContrastvs ComparisonComparisonpointsspecificallytolikenesses mainlybetweenthingsnormallythoughtasdifferent Contrastfocusesondifferences chieflybetweenthingsusuallyconsideredassimilar ExampleAlthoughtelevisionandmoviesarebothvisualmedia theydifferinatleastoneimportantrespect thenatureoftheviewingexperience Youwatchtelevisioninalightedroom inburstsofviewingandnotviewing Youcanlookaroundyouandseepeopleandthings Youcanpickupanewspaper talktoafriend playsolitaire doingallthesethingsasyouwatchwhatisonthetelevisionscreen Seeingamovie however issomethingyoudointhedark Andthedarknessrivetsyourattentiononthescreen Youbecomeunawareofwhatandwhoarearoundyou Youimmerseyourselftotallyintheimagesbeforeyou Thereisnothingtodoexceptwatch Thewriterofcontrastmustmakeclearwhatheiscontrasting televisionandmovies thepointsbeingcontrasted viewingexperiences andthepurposeformakingthecontrast thedifferencesbetweentelevisionandmovies Asisdiscussedearlierinthepreviousunit inasetofitemsbeingcontrasted thereisusuallyanelementofcomparison televisionandmoviesarebothvisualmedia WhatMakesGoodContrastThefundamentalrequirementforagoodcontrast asforallexposition isclarity Toachievethis wewillfindtwomethodshelpfulinorganizingaparagraphofcontrast subject by subjectmethod whereoneoftwoormoresubjectsofcontrastisfullydiscussedandthentheotherisdealtwith asdemonstratedintheaboveexample andpoint by pointmethod alsoknownaspairedmethod wherethesubjectsofcontrastarediscussedonebyone asadoptedinthefollowingexample ExampleTherearebasicdifferencesbetweenthelargeandthesmallenterprises Inthesmallenterpriseyouoperateprimarilythroughpersonalcontacts Inthelargeenterpriseyouhaveestablished policies channels oforganization andfairlyrigidprocedure Inthesmallenterpriseyouhave moreover immediateeffectivenessinaverysmallarea Youcanseetheeffectofyourworkandofyourdecisionsrightaway onceyouhaveachievedsomesuccess Inthelargeenterprise eventhemanatthetopisonlyacoginabigmachine Tobesure hisactionsaffectamuchgreaterareathantheactionsandthedecisionsofthemaninthesmallorganization buthiseffectivenessisremote indirect andelusive Inasmallandeveninamiddle sizebusiness youarenormallyexposedtoallkindsofexperiencesandexpectedtodoagreatmanythingswithouttoomuchhelpandguidance Inthelargeorganizationyouarenormallytaughtonethingthoroughly Inthesmallonethedangerisofbecomingajack of all tradesandmasterofnone Inthelargeorganizationitisofbecomingthemanwhoknowsmoreandmoreaboutlessandless Thewriterintheexampleparagraphaboveturnstoonepointfirstandthentheotheralternativelyasheproceedswithhiscontrast Logically intheactualwritingpractice comparisonandcontrastare tosomedegree alwayscombined Adoptionofamethodoforganizationdependslargelyuponthepurposeofthewritingitself 1 Writeacomparativeparagraphbasedononeofthefollowingtopicssuggested 1 Professionalandamateursports2 Girls talkandboys talk3 Joggingandrunning4 MechanicalwatchandelectronicwatchHintsFor professionalandamateursports youcanfocusontheirdifferenceinintensity For girls talkandboys talk youcanfocusontheirdifferenceintopic For joggingandrunning youcanfocusontheirdifferenceinspeed For mechanicalwatchandelectronicwatch youcanfocusontheirdifferenceinprice Makingfriendsinreallifeandmakingfriendsonlineareverydifferentexperiences Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthedifferencesbetweenmakingfriendsinreallifeandmakingfriendsonline HintsTowriteanessayofcontrast youneedtofirstdecidethedifferencesthatmakecontrast Thenyouaresuggestedtousethepoint by pointmethodtodevelopthepointsbeingcontrasted Thefollowingisareferenceoutlinefortheessay 1 Makeageneralstatementabouthowmakingfriendsinreallifeisdifferentfrommakingfriendsonline 2 Makepoint by pointcontrast forreference 2 1Friendsinreallifecanseeeachother butonlinefriendsmayneverseeeachother 2 2Onetendstohavemuchmoreonlinefriendsthanreal lifefriends 2 3Real lifefriendsmaynotcontacteachothereveryday butonlinefriendsusuallycontacteachothereveryday 3 Concludetheessaybysummingupthedifferences Paraphrasing1 Oneshouldnotwaittillhehasgrownfairlyoldandsay I mgoingtotakeupthisorthatasmyhobby 2 itismoreadvisablethatyoufurt