高考英语语法名词性从句复习课件

第10讲 名词性从句,1. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. (2011湖南卷31) A. what B. that C. which D. why,【解析】选A。空白处后句子缺表语。因此不能选B。B中的that 只起引导作用，无实意。而该句选what既起了引导作用，又作了句子成分表语。,2. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (2011重庆卷22)A. whether B. whenC. which D. where,【解析】选A。该句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是由whetheror not引导的从句。句意：是否这个旧车站该由现代宾馆取代还在讨论中。,考点1.名词性从句的种类及连接词I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how,【解析】选C。what 引导的宾语从句作for 的宾语， what在从句中作am的表语。,名词性从句具有名词的功能，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。它由以下三种连接词引导： 1. 连词： that, whether, if。 2. 连接代词： who, whom, whose, which, what等。 3. 连接副词： when, where, why, how等。,考点2.连词that的用法Keep in mind _ you want others to respect you, you must respect others first.A. that when B. that if C. if when D. when if,【解析】选B。that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。,1. that引导名词性从句时既无词义也不在从句中作任何成分。 2. that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般不可省，引导宾语从句时常可省。但是， and连接两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，第二个that不可省。 3. that从句一般不作介词的宾语。但： in that “因为”， except / but that“除了”例外。,考点3.whether, if的用法 Its reported that Pakistan is considering _ to continue its information cooperation with the US because the US didnt inform them in advance before they took action to kill Bin Laden. (2011成都七中高三最后一套模拟卷) A. what B. how C. whether D. if,【解析】选C。在 whether后只能用不定式或后接or not，不能接if，即whether to do 或whether or not。,whether, if引导名词性从句时，表示“是否”， 不在从句中作任何成分，二者常可通用，但在下面几种情况下一般只用whether: (1)引导主语从句。 (2)引导表语从句。 (3)引导同位语从句。 (4)在动词discuss之后。 (5)在介词之后。 (6)后面紧跟or not。 (7)动词不定式前。,考点4.名词性从句的语序 I really wonder _ will stop Japan from its annual whale hunt in the Antarctic. (山西太原五中2010 2011学年度第二学期月考4月) A. that it is what B. what it is that C. what is it that D. that is it what,【解析】选B。空白处为一宾语从句作动词wonder的宾语。而宾语从句是一个强调句，强调what。宾语从句要采用陈述语序。,名词性从句用陈述语序，为：连词(+被修饰语)+主语+谓语。即主谓不倒装。,考点5. what与that引导名词性从句的区别例1：It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (2011重庆卷34)A. Whose B. whatC. which D. that,【解析】选B。空白处作动词 see 的宾语。宾语从句按顺序为a new invention can be of what use to human life，疑问词what前置。因此选B。,例2：Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津卷13)A. what B. which C. that D. where,【解析】选C。that引导词作名词evidence的同位语从句引导词。该词只起引导作用，无实义，不可省略。,1. 在名词性从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，本身也没有词义，即从句中不缺少任何成分时用连词that. 2. that在从句中作主语时通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末作真正的主语。但what不能用it作形式主语。 3. that可引导同位语从句，但what不能。,考点6.由reason作主语时，表语从句的连接词The reason why he cant go to school is _ he is ill. A. because B. why C. that D. which,【解析】选C。reason作主语时，其后的表语从句一般用连词that。,reason作主语时，表语从句所用连词为that, 一般不用because或why等。,考点7. that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别例1：_ was known to all that William had broken his promise _ he would never play computer games again. (2011湖南雅礼中学高三第8次月考卷) A. As; which B. As; that C. It; that D. What; that,【解析】选C。it作形式主语，第一个that后引导从句作真正主语。名词promise后接that引导的同位语从句。对前一名词内容进一步补充说明。,例2：Helping others is a habit, one _ you can learn even at an early age. (2011山东卷改编) A. it B. that C. what D. who,【解析】选B。one是a habit的同位语。作为定语从句的先行词，后用which或 that作定语从句动词learn的宾语。关系代词作宾语也可省略。,that引导同位语从句时， that在从句中不作成分(一般不省), 且不可用which来取代；that引导定语从句时， that须作主语、宾语或表语(作宾语时常可省), 且常可用which来取代。,20,第11讲 定语从句与状语从句,21,Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that,【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which of which alland all of them，作非限定性定语从句。,22,考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：,. 定语从句,23,考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which,【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of whichof which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。,24,介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。,25,考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011全国大纲卷7)A. this B. that C. what D. which,【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。,26,例2： _ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybodyAs everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,27,as和which的相同点： (1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。,28,考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when,【解析】 选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。,29,如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。,30,Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷) A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where,【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。,31,定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。,32,考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened? A. where; that B. where; which C. that; which D. which; that,【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句， that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。,33,1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news的同位语。The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news的同位语，而是限定The news的定语从句。,34,2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was和that / who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。,35,状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。,状语从句,考点1.when, while, as引导时间状语的特殊点You can pay now or _ you come back to pick up the bike.A. when B. thenC. while D. since,【解析】选A。come是短暂性动词，而while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when引导时间状语从句，与now对称。,36,1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。 2. 表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义，一般用as。 3. as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。 4. while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。,37,考点2.时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性 例1：The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours _ it was brought under control. (山西太原五中2010 2011学年度第二学期月考)A. after B. before C. ahead D. since,【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型：时间段before从句表示“隔了多少时间才”； it will be/ wont be long before从句，表示“很久就/不久就”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24小时才被控制住。,38,例2：As is reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. (2011四川卷6)A. when B. before C. after D. since,【解析】选D。该句考查句型it is/has been 时间段since 从句。句意：清华大学已成立了100年了。since从句后的动词一般为非延续性动词，表动作的开始。,39,1. 句型“It will be+段时间+before从句”，表示“不久就”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 2. 句型“It is+段时间+since+一般过去时。”主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。,40,考点3. as引导状语从句的用法例1：Try _ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. (2011新课标卷22) A. if B. when C. since D. as,【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might Though she might try，该句型主要有以下几种形式：零冠词名词as 主语be形容词(名词)as 主语be动词原形as主语情态动词,41,as引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。,42,例2：_ he was, he often ended up in financial troubles. A. Though well paid B. As well paidC. Well paid as D. Well paid,【解析】选C。 此处as引导让步状语从句， well paid可看作形容词放于句首。,43,as/though引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”， 从句中的形容词、副词、名词(其前一般不用冠词)或动词原形放于句首构成倒装(though也可不倒装)。although 引导让步状语从句时不倒装；while 引导让步状语从句时只能位于句首。,44,考点4.what引导方式状语从句的用法Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body. A. what B. that C. which D. of which,【解析】选A。该句意为“阅读之于心灵犹如食物之于身体”。,45,what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。,46,考点5.