非谓主谓宾语.doc

中考冲刺英语知识梳理 关键词： 非谓语动词考点 主谓一致考点 宾语从句非谓语动词的种类：非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。一、动词不定式（The Infinitive）动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。1、动词不定式作主语。To get an injection is a little painful. To complain too much isnt a good thing.注：不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如 ：（划线部分为真正的主语部分）It（形式主语）takes me two hours to finish my English homework. Its difficult to Learn English Well.不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如Its important for us to learn a foreign language. Its difficult for us to finish it on time.2、动词不定式作表语。 My job is to feed animals. Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.3、动词不定式作宾语He wants to borrow a book from me. I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.Children love to play games. I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。如： What to doI dont know How to do it Where to go When to set off Which one to choose Who to ask4、不定式作定语Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat? I have a lot of homework to do.5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。I told him to do it himself.(加to) He asked me to buy some oranges for him.（加to）I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to) Please let the boy come in.（省to）The boss makes the workers work ten hours a day.(省to)注：感观动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役动词（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。如；The workers are made to work ten hours a day.6、作状语They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的状语) My sister to young to go to school.（结果状语）三、现在分词（The Present Participle）和过去分词（The Past Participle）现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或查不规则动词表，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。1、作表语 The news is exciting. The result is amazing. The window is broken. The door is locked.2、作定语Do you know the young man standing under the tree? The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt.I like to read books written by LuXun. She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.Then we can see many dinosaurs discovered by you in the museums.3、作状语A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果)They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随）4、作宾补I hear a girl singing in the next room. Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.四、动名词（The Gerund）在形式上，动名词与现在分词无法区别，但现在分词里一个动词性的形容词，而动名词则是一个动词性的名词，它具有名词的绝大多数特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等成份。1、作主语Seeing is believing.（眼见为实） Selling computers to foreign countries is his job.Picking apples is much better than having classes.注：动名词作主语可与表语对调位置；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词放于句末。如：Its no use complaining about others.2、作表语His job is feeding animals. The only thing that I want to do is sleeping.3、作宾语，分为动词宾语与介词宾语两种。Tom enjoys living in Beijing. （动宾） Have you finished reading that novel? （动宾）Would you mind my opening the door. （动宾） I often practice speaking English with foreigners. （动宾）Thank you for teaching us so well. （介宾） What about going fishing tomorrow? （动宾）注：有些动词后加不定式和动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。如：go on to do sth（接着做另一件事） go on doing sth（继续做同一件事） forget /remember to do sth（记住或忘记去做某事，还未做） forget /remember doing sth（记住或忘记做过某事，事先已做过） stop to do sth（停下来做某事） stop doing sth（停止做某事）4、作定语 a swimming pool 游泳池a sleeping car 卧铺车厢 a reading room阅览室 a walking stick手杖注：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的不同之处在于：现在分词相当于一个定语从句的作用，可改成定语从句，而动名词相当于一个名词作定语，说明被修饰词的类别、功能或性质，不可以改成定语从句。The sleeping child = the child who is sleepingThe woman talking with my father is my teacher.=The woman who is talking with my father is my teacher.总之，非谓语动词是一种既复杂又简单的动词的非限定形式，只要同学们平时多注意总结、积累，就一定能揭开它神秘的面纱，在英语的交际中运筹帷幄，应用自如。动词非谓语练习用非谓语动词的适当形式填空：1. The best time _ (plant) trees is in spring.2. Satellites are used for _ (learn) more about the earth.3. He finishes _ (wash) at eight oclock in the evening.4. Youve worked for 4 hours. Please stop _ (have) a rest.5. She often makes us _(do) a lot of homework after school.6. Mother always tell me _ (not read) in bed.7. They asked the headmaster _(speak) at the meeting.8. _ (smoke) too much is bad for your health.9. the baby was made _ (laugh) by Tom.10. Thank you for _ (come) to see me.单项填空：11. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. doB. didC. doingD. to do2. Youd better _ upstairs and tell the children_ make so much noise.A. go; not toB. go; dontC. to go; not toD. to go; dont3. Lily likes _ the clothes of light color. A. to put onB. puttingC. to dressD. wearing4. Its too late. Why _ now? A. not to goB. not goingC. not goD. dont go5. Please dont forget _ to me, will you? A. to writeB. writingC. write6. When Im tired, I enjoy _ music. A. listeningB. listening toC. to hearD. hearing the7. Linda was very sorry for being late. But the teachers smile made her _ better.A. feelB. to feelC. fallD. to fall8. I heard Mother _ with Father in the next room at ten last night. A. talkB. talkingC. to talkD. is talking9. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _ the earth away. A. blowB. to blowC. blowingD. blew10. Did the teacher tell you _ this afternoon? -Yes. Well go to visit the Science Museum.A. to go whereB. how to doC. what to doD. to do what11. We are not sure _.A. when to leaveB. when leaveC. when leaves12. Meimei went _ Kate with her Chinese. A. helpB. to helpC. helped D. helping13. _ is bad for our health. A. Doing eye exercisesB. Go to bed earlyC. Eating too muchD. Taking a walk14. Wu Dong is good at _ English. A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. spoke15. The old woman was _ tired _ go any farther. A. too; toB. go; asC. very; to16. Would you please _ drop your shoes on the floor at night?A. not toB. notC. dontD. wont17. Most of the children enjoy _ computer games.A. playB. playingC. playedD. to play18. She should do her homework now. But she doesnt feel like _ it.A. doesB. doC. doingD. to do19. Uncle Wang can make his kite _ higher in the sky.A. flyB. fliesC. to flyD. flying20. Youd better _ the cinema by bus.A. dont goB. to goC. to go toD. go to21. Her wish is _ a famous singer.A. becomeB. becameC. becomesD. to become22. Our monitor is always ready _ others.A. helpB. helpsC. to helpD. helping23. Have you decided _ for your holidays?A. go whereB. where to goC. to go whereD. where go24. Would you please _ me a chair _?A. give; to sit onB. give; to sitC. giving; sitD. to give; sit on25. There id no difference between the two words. I really dont know _.A. what to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whichD. to choose what26. Though he had often made his sister _, today he was made _ by his sister.A. cry; cryingB. crying; cryingC. cry; to cryD. to cry; cry27. Why are you going shopping if you dont _? -My wife wants _ with her.A. want to; I goB. want; me goingC. want to; me to goD. want; to go28. We are often told _ people in trouble.A. to smilingB. not to smileC. to laughD. not to laugh at29. You look so tired. Why not _ a rest?A. stop havingB. to stop haveC. stop to haveD. to stop to have30. What a fine day! How about _ out for a walk?A. goB. to goC. goneD. going31. Mary went _ after she finished _ her work.A. swim; doingB. to swim; to doC. to swim; doingD. swimming; to do32. Would you mind _ the window, please? Its cold outside.A. to closeB. closingC. closedD. close33. A fridge is used for _ vegetable and food cool.A. keptB. keepingC. to keepD. keeps34. The farmers on the farm are busy _ apples on the trees.A. pickingB. to pickC. pickD. picked35. One day when Edison was five years old, his father saw him _ some eggs.A. satB. to sitC. sittingD. was sitting36. She has no paper _.A. to writeB. to write withC. writing onD. to write on37. When class began, we stopped _ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listensD. to listen38. There are so many kinds of radios in the shop. I cant decide _A.to buy whatB. to buy which C. what to buyD. which to buy39.Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A.sing; to singB. singing; singingC. sing; singingD. to sing; singing40. I usually forget _ the door, but I remembered _ it when I left yesterday.A. closing; closingB. to close; to closeC. closing; to close D. to close; closing41.On June 1, boys and girls are busy _.A. to celebrate Childrens DayB. to celebrate Childrens DayC. celebrating Childrens DayD. celebrating Childrens Day 初中英语主谓一致及其精练 主谓一致三原则：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如： Tomisagoodstudent. 汤姆是个好学生。 Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，且他的学生也喜欢踢。 Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、主谓一致常考题型 1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 ThedeskisToms. 这张桌子是汤姆的. Somewaterisinthebottle. 一些水在瓶子里. Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai. 许多学生到过上海. 3.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如： MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京. 4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Twomonthsisalongholiday. 两个月是一个长假.Tweneypoundsisntsoheavy. 20英镑并不太重. Tenmilesisntalongdistance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Fiveminusfourisone. 5减4等于1.5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Everymanandeverywomanisatwork. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Oneandahalfhoursisenough. 一个半小时足够了。 7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Toseeistobelieve 眼见为实。 Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9.当主语部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, likehisbrother, enjoysplayingfootball 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： 初中英语主谓一致语法训练专题根据译文改错: 1. 纸和墨水都用完了。Both paper and ink is used up. 2. 吃得救太多对你没有好处。Eating too much are bad for you. 3. 这双鞋是我弟弟的。This pair of shoes are my brothers. 4. 当我进来时,这家人在看电视。 The family was watching TV when I came in. 5. 每个学生都有一本字典。Each of the boys have a dictionary. 6. 中国人讲汉语。The Chinese speaks Chinese. 7. 运动会的一切都准备好了吗?Are all ready for the sports meeting? 8. 物理是我最喜欢的学科之一。Physics are one of my favorite subjects. 9. 昨天我们栽了许多树。The number of trees was planted yesterday. 10. 你做这道练习十分钟足够了。 Ten minutes are enough for you to do this exercise. 提高型 1. The Greens _ China for five years. A. has been inB. has been toC. have been inD. have been to 2. Paper _ first invented in China. A. isB. areC. wasD. were 3. Listen! Some birds _ in the tree. A. is singingB. singsC. singingD. are singing 4. There _ an eraser under the desk. Is it yours? A. isB. hasC. wasD. had 5. Therere lots of English books, and _ of them is easy to understand. A. bothB. allC. everyD. each 6.Between the two buildings _ a school. A. lieB. liesC. lyingD. have 7. There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is aB. are someC. has aD. have some 8. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. isB. areC. wasD. were 9. Neither you nor Lin Hua _ to the great Wall before. A. have beenB. has goneC. has beenD. have been 10. Each of us _ a nice pencil-box. A. haveB. hasC. are havingD. had 11. _ any flowers on both sides o the street? A. Is thereB. Are thereC. HasD. Have 12. Either Jim or Sam _ going to help us this afternoon. A. wasB. wereC. isD. are13. my shirt _ white and trousers _ black. A. are; areB. are; isC. is; isD. is; are14. Mr. Brown together with his family _ just arrived in Xian. A. hasB. haveC. hadD. are15. The old _ taken good care of in China. A. areB. isC. wasD. have 16. Maths _ one of the _ subjects in middle school. A. are; importantB. is; most important C. is; more importantD. are; much important17. There _ any milk in the bottle. A. isB. isntC. areD. arent18. Even a child knows that _ are made of _. A. glasses; glassB. glass; glassC. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses19. _ there a number of fish in the river at that time? A. IsB. AreC. WasD. Were20. Not only the parents but also James _ London. They will come back in a month. A. has been toB. have been toC. has gone toD. have gone to21. Each man and each woman _ bring some money here. A. hasB. haveC. has toD. have to22. Everyone except Tom and Jim _ there then. A. isB. wasC. areD. were23. Sheep _ white and milk _ white, too. A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is24. Milk and bread _ my favorite food every morning. A. isB. areC. will beD. was25. _ either you or she going to the United States? A. IsB. AreC. HaveD. Does26. There _ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes _ mine. A. are; isB. is; isC. is; areD. are; are27. Here _ orange and two apples on the plate. A. is anB. is aC. are someD. has an28. Class Two _ taking their lessons when there was a knock at the door. A. isB. areC. wasD. were29. None of them _ a good cook. -You are right. And none of you _ good cooks, either. A. is; isB. is; areC. are; areD. are; is30. The teacher and writer _ from America. A. areB. wereC. isD. come31. There _ sheep in the field. A. are muchB. is smallC. is a fewD. is a little32. The news _ for my mother. A. areB. wereC. beD. is33. More than a month _ since the foreign friends came her. A. has passedB. have passedC. has pastD. have past34. The mother with her little son _ at my home _ that snowy night. A. were; atB. was; atC. were; onD. was; on35. Linda works hard, and _. A. so does her brotherB. so did her brother C. her brother do so D. her brother did so初中英语语法宾语从句基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。I think (that) you will like the students. I am interested in what she is doing. They often worry about whether they can get the jobs. 基本特点：一、选择合适的连结词。 1. 词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。如： I tell him that I have read the story. 2. 连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? 3. 代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 He didnt know when he would leave for Shanghai.* 否定的用法 有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。 I dont think youre right. = I think you arent right. 二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。 (1)主句（主语谓语vt）（that）从句（主语谓语）； (2)主句if/whether从句（主语谓语）； (3)主句连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语谓语）； (4）主句连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： Can you hear_? A. what did he say B. that he said C. what he said 2) Can you tell me? Whats your name? -Can you tell me what your name is? 3) He didnt understand Can this machine work? He didnt understand if this machine could work.三. 宾语从句的时态呼应：1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2. 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。做宾语从句练习时, 要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”! 宾语从句练习1. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. h