8B Unit 1 知识点和同步练习.doc

学习目标视窗一、重点词汇 past n. 过去；往事 present n. 现在；目前 since prep. & conj. 自以来 till prep. & conj. 到时，直到为止married adj. 已婚的 wife n.妻子cinema n. 电影院 turn vt. & vi. （使）变成；成为factory n. 工厂 waste n. 废料；废弃物pollute vt. & vi. 污染 realize vt. 意识到；实现reduce vt. vi. 减少；减轻 open adj. 未围上的；开阔的lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 throw vt. 扔，投，掷especially adv. 特别，尤其 husband n. 丈夫interview n. & vt. 采访；会见 unhealthy adj. 不健康的unpleasant adj. 使人不愉快的；讨厌的 repair vt. 修补century n. 百年，世纪 ever adv. 曾经recently adv. 最近地primary adj. 小学教育的；最初的relax vi. 放松 feeling n. 感受dictionary n. 字典 tower n. 塔attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方 in fact事实上in the north of 在的北方 get married 结婚 change a lot 改变很大 in the past 在过去 dump into 倒入 reduce the pollution 减少污染 from time to time 不时地，偶然in some way 在某种程度上，在某些方面 二、重要句型 1. Things have changed a lot over the years. 这些年来变化可真大呀！2. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages but they have a1so caused many problems for people. 月光城的变化带来了很多好处但也给人们引起了许多问题。3. Now, the government has turned the p1ace into a park, and we have a large shopping mall and a theatre too. 现在，政府已经把镇中心变成了一个公园，而且，我们还有一个大的购物城和一家剧院。shopping mall指的是集中大批商店、有顶、禁止车辆通行的大型购物广场。4. Well, in some ways it is. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens.嗯，在某种程度上是的。有开阔的空地和美丽的公园真好。in some ways，意思是“在某种程度上，在某些方面。”如：In some ways I agree with you. 在某种程度上我同意你的观点。 这里的gardens表示“公园”。5. They have moved to other areas in Beijing, and I feel a bit lone1y from time to time. Sometimes they come back to see me, and that makes me very happy.他们已搬到北京的其他地区去了，我时不时会感觉有点孤单。有时他们会回来看我，那让我很开心。from time to time意思是“不时地，偶尔”。如：We havent seen each other for a long time, but we send e-mails from time to time.我们已经很长时间没见面了，但我们不时地互通邮件。6. I had an interview with Daniels grandpa Mr. Chen this morning. 今天早晨我和丹尼尔的爷爷陈先生进行了一次访谈。have an interview with somebody意思是“采访某人”或“对（与）某人面试（或面谈）”。如：My parents have had an interview with my teacher. 我父母已经与老师面谈过了。interview也可用作动词，意思是“采访，访问”或“对（与）某人进行面试（或面谈）”。如：They interviewed twenty people for the job. 他们为这份工作面试了二十人。 7. It is difficult for him to see some of them as often as before.对他来说，像以前那样经常与他们中的有些人见面就难了。 这里是“It is + adj. + for somebody + to-infinitive”结构；as often as before表示“像从前一样经常”，是“as.as.”结构。8. I must say that its the best model I have ever seen. 我得说这是我所见过的最好的模型。这里I have ever seen用作定语，修饰前面的the best model.9. Today, Daniel lent me a book about Starlight Town in the past and the present.今天，丹尼尔借给我一本关于星光镇的过去与现在的书。 lend的意思是“借给，借出”，borrow意思是“借入”。如：- Can I borrow your car this evening? 今晚能把你的车借我用一下吗? - Sorry. Ive already lent it to a friend. 对不起，我已经把车借给一个朋友了。10. Now, let me show you how to get to the railway station. 现在，让我来告诉你怎么去火车站 how to.意思是“如何”，后面直接加动词或动词词组。如：Could you tell me how to study English well? 你能告诉我如何学好英语吗？This book will tell you how to be healthier. 这本书将告诉你如何更健康。三、语法现在完成时1、构成：主语+ have / has +动词过去分词。否：主语+ have / has (not) + 动词过去分词疑：Have / Has +主语+动词过去分词。2、常用的时间副词：already, ever, for, just, never, since, yet, recently。3、过去分词的构成（规则动词/不规则动词）。Comic Strip and Welcome to the Unit夯实基础I. 写出下列词的过去式与过去分词1. begin _ _2. eat _ _3. am _ _4. see _ _5. study _ _6. fly _ _7. drop _ _8. sit _ _9. has _ _10. drive _ _1. began; begun 2. ate; eaten 3. was; been 4. saw; seen 5. studied; studied6. flew; flown 7. dropped; dropped 8. sat; sat 9. had; had 10. drove; driven. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1. Tom has c_ a lot. He always wanted to play with others but now he doesnt.2. I want to work hard. I wont play computer games any m_.3. He want something to eat because he is h_.4. Mr Green has e_ breakfast at home, dont give him such food.5. Im very busy at p_ because I have a lot of homework to do.6. He has been in the club s_ 1990.7. In Many big cites, some people go to work by u_.8. In the p_, many people dont have enough food to eat.9. In Beijing you can take a bus, taxi, underground, c_ or double-d_ etc. The transportation is very convenient.10. My brother has taught in that school for 10 years, since she got m_.1. changed 2. more 3. hungry 4. eaten 5. present6. since 7. underground 8. past 9. coach; decker 10. married课外拓展I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. _ you ever _ (see) the film?2. - Will you return the book to the library? - Well, I _ just _ (return) it.3. Great changes _ (take) place in the village. People there are living a happy life now.4. - Have you eaten you breakfast? - Yes, I _ (eat) it just now.5. We _ (wait) for the bus when the heavy snow began.1. have; seen 2. have; returned 3. have taken 4. ate 5. were waitingII. 按要求改写句子1. The teacher asked him to speak more quickly.（改为否定句） The teacher asked him _ _ speak more quickly.2. That isnt a good idea.（改为反意疑问句） That isnt a good idea, _ _?3. Mr. Brown came here to see his teacher.（对划线的部分提问） _ _ Mr. Brown _ here?4. I think a computer is the most useful invention.（对划线的部分提问） _ _ you think is the most useful invention?5. He moved to New York when he was 22.（对划线的部分提问） _ _ he _ to New York?6. I want to be a doctor when I grow up.（改为宾语从句） He told me that he _ to be a doctor when he _ up.1. not to 2. is it 3. Why did; come 4. What do 5. When did; move 6. wanted; grew.自主探究背景导读随着社会的发展，人们的生活发生了变化，包括生活的城市、小镇等场所的变迁，朋友和邻里的变化，随之带来了心理上的变化。下面这段文字是Sandy和Mr. Hu的对话，仔细阅读写出Mr. Hu所描绘的两点以上的变化，并标出文中的现在完成时态，体会它的用法，说出现在完成时所表达的含义。Sandy: How long have you lived in West Hill, Mr. Hu?Mr. Hu:Ive lived here all my life and have never moved house since I got married. Did you know this area was called Taihe Village before?Sandy: When did they change the name?Mr. Hu: When the West Hill underground station was built in June 1990, the government started to take down the old houses in this area. Since that time, Taihe Village has become a history.Sandy: What do you miss most about Taihe Village?Mr. Hu: I miss many things about Taihe Village. I was a doctor before I retired and everyone in Taihe Village knew me well. There were lots of big trees in the village, and the air was very fresh then too.Sandy: Did you have much noise pollution from cars and trains?Mr.Hu: Yes, but it wasnt very serious.Sandy: Ive heard the food stalls sold very good snacks but there were mice everywhere because of the food. Everyone in the village was used to see them. We even saw mice in the street at night.Sandy: Thats terrible!Mr. Hu: Were glad that it has improved because the government has moved the stalls into a new market, but I really miss everything about the village in the past. Many of my new friends moved because the government offer them new flats in other parts of the town. I sometimes feel lonly. I used to play chess with them, and now every time I see a chessboard, Ill think of them.Sandy:Mr. Hu, thank you so much for the information. The village is no longer the same, the its memory will be still in your heart.Reading夯实基础根据句意以及首字母或汉语提示写出恰当的单词，使句子通顺。1. My parents both work in the _（南方）part of China.2. Factories used to throw the _（废弃物）into the river.3. Kitty got _（结婚）last year. Her husband is a doctor.4. The government has taken actions to _（减少）the pollution.5. I live in the house alone. Sometimes I feel _（孤独）.6. There used to be a small town here, but now it has t_ into a big airport.7. Things have changed a lot o_ the four years.8. - How about going to the c_ today? - A good idea, but I have something important to do.9. Husband and w_ should share housework and love with each other.10. Mr. Wang has lived in Xinjiang t_ last year.1. southern 2. waste 3. married 4. reduce 5. lonely 6. turned 7. over 8. cinema 9. wife 10. till从方框中选出单词或词组的适当形式填空learn, safe, dance, be, plant, please, reduce, close, from time to time, throw away1. Lily enjoys _ very much.2. I think its good _ more trees.3. The government took action _ the pollution.4. You should get there before the _ of the store.5. At last, the plane landed _.6. He _ five thousand English words since last March.7. Its a _ trip. We all felt very excited.8. There used _ a hospital three years ago.9. We visit our grandparents _.10. Thats rubbish. You can _ it _.1. dancing 2. to plant 3. to reduce 4. closing 5. safely6. has learned 7. pleasant 8. to be 9. from time to time 10. throw; away课外拓展I. 单项填空1. Our teacher _ to the office. She will be back _ ten minutes.A. has been; in B. has gone; in C. has been; after D. has gone; after2. - Lily, keep the window _. The sandstorm hasnt stopped yet. - OK, Ill do that.A. close B. closed C. open D.opened3. He has been away from the factory _.A. a week ago B. since a week ago C. for a week ago D. last week4. Im afraid I cant help you _, Im too busy.A. just now B. just at present C. soon D. then5. I like Chinese _ my mother like Maths.A. while B. since C. when D. as6. In the end, the worm _ a bird.A. got into B. flew into C. became into D. turned into7. She doesnt like playing _ chessA. the B. a C. an D. /8. Ann _ Tom when they were both twenty-four years old.A. get married B. married C. enjoying D. married to9. They are _ the beauty of the fields of the spring.A. reading B. looking C. enjoying D. seeing10. We all think Jim is _ honest boy.A. a B. an C. the D. /II. 汉译英，每空一词1. 你是什么时候搬出南京的？When _ you _ _ _ Nanjing. 2. 阳光镇已经改变了许多了吗？_ Sunshine Town _ _ _?3. 他们不能像过去那样经常下中国象棋了。They cant play Chinese chess _ _ _ _?4. 老人独自住在村子里，但他并不感到孤独。The old man lives _ in the village, but he _ _ _.5. 政府已经将那地方变成了一个花园。The government _ _ the place _ a garden.6. 那个地方曾经有过一个鞋厂。There _ _ _ a shoe factory in that place.1. did; move out of 2. Has; changed a lot 3. like before any more4. alone; never feels lonely 5. has turned /changed; into 6. used to be自主探究阅读理解Whats the most important thing for you to have in your life? Somebody mentions hard-work, others suggest knowledge, love and luck.If you arrange the 26 English letters alphabetically（按字母表的顺序）and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, 1 for a, 2 for b, 3 for c., you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98, meaning 98 is its mark; knowledge: 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96, while love: 12+15+22+5=54, and luck: 12+21+3+11=47, a small mark. None of these words can give one a full mark. What about money or prayer（祈祷）？They cant either. Then what else? Dont be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things, or your attitude（态度）. Yes, when you attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude: 1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100, a full mark. Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most times people hope for a better life. It is possible that one will have a change for the better after one has changed ones attitude.When you change your manner and become friendly towards others, you will meet more smiling faces towards you. In the same way, if you take a positive（积极的）attitude towards failure（失败）, youll find its also rewarding though it has caused your loses.1. In the writers opinion, what is the most important thing in a persons life?A. Hard-work B. knowledge C. money D. attitude2. According to the passage, if you meet with problems, the best way out is to _.A. ask for help from others B. say your prays to the GodC. change your attitude D. try math solving methods3. From the passage we can learn that _.A. different attitudes come from different courses of lifeB. mathematics can solve every problem easily in our daily lifeC. failure sometimes can bring you good if you take a positive attitudeD. none of the English words except “attitude” equals to 100 or moreVocabulary夯实基础I. 我们通常可以通过增加或改变前缀的方式来扩大词汇量，下面这些词的反义词你能写出来吗？1. cheap _2. easy _3. kind _4. polite _2. happy _6. long _7. honest _8. correct _9. like _10. possible _11. healthy _12. friendly _1. dear/expensive 2. uneasy/difficult 3. unkind 4. impolite 5. unhappy 6. short 7. dishonest8. incorrect/wrong 9. dislike 10. impossible 11. unhealthy 12. unfriendlyII. 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. I am _ (surprise) at the news. What about you? surprised2. When I passed the driving test, I thought I was the _ (luck) person in the world. luckiest3. The little boy is _ (kind) to his classmates, so nobody likes him. unkind4. What do you think about the air _ (pollute) in your hometown? pollution5. Danny and Daniel are brothers, and their _ (wife) are sisters. Thats interesting. wives课外拓展I用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1. I dont know the way to the station. Will you _ (please) _ (show) me the map of this city? please; show2. The teacher was very _ (please) because his students all passed the exam. This morning he came into the classroom with a _ (please) smile. pleased; pleasant3. Its _ (please) to think that these lovely children are mine. pleasing4. It gives me great _ (please) to grow flowers. pleasure5. What _ (change) can you see in the two photos? changes6. Its a _ (convenient) to live near the station. convenience7. Is he _ (marry)? married8. He has made a _ (decide) to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. decision9. Sandy made an _ (interview) with Mr Dong last week. interview10. One of the pages of the book is _ (miss). missingII. 阅读短文并根据首字母填空Why do we learn English? This is an interesting question for us to k_l_ about.We all know that many m_2_ people speak Chinese in the world than English. But Chinese is spoken less o_3_ China. English is spoken in many c_4_, not only in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, but also in India, Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia and s_5_ other places. English is the m_6_ widely（广泛）used language in the world. There are a_7_ 750,000,000 English speakers in the world.As we have seen, even though English does not have the greatest n _8_ of speakers in the world, it is one of the most u _9_ languages in the world. English is just like a b_10_ between countries in the world.1. k_2. m_3. o_4. c_5. s_6. m_7. a_8. n_9. u_10. b_1. know 2. more 3. outside 4. countries 5. some 6. most 7. about 8. number9. useful 10. bridge自主探究不同的人对家乡的变化会有不同的感受，阅读下面的文章写出你对家乡变化后产生的想法My hometownI took a little trip to my hometown.I only stopped just to look around.And as I walked along the thorough fare（旅游）.There was music playing everywhere.The music came from within mv heart.How did it happen? How did it start?I only know that I fell in love.I guess the answer lies up above.Oh, what a feeling!My heart was reeling（凌乱）.The bells were ringing.The birds were singing.And so the music it goes on and on.All through the night until the break of dawn（黎明）.I hear a bird（小鸟）up in a tree.I hear lum sing this melody（悦耳的音调）.And so he sings ya, ya, ya.And every evening when the sun goes down.Im with my lover in my hometown.And so I sing ya, ya, ya.It is a beautiful song about hometown. How do you think about your hometown?An old man: I have left my hometown for many years. It is very beautiful in my memory.A college student: There arent many people in my hometown but there is a lot of beautiful scenery.A girl: My hometown is great, but I still want to go out. In my mind, the outside is more attractive（吸引力）.My view: _Grammar夯实基础I阅读教材119页上不规则动词变化表，再试试完成下列句子1. They _ (go) to the supermarket just now. went2. Tony _ (be) to the cmema several times. has been3. I _ (not see) you for a long time. havent seen4. He _ never _ (be) to the Great Wall. has; been5. I _ (not hear) from her yet. havent heard6. I _ just _ (have) it. have; had7. How many times _ you _ (be) to Xinjiang? have; been8. - Where is Lily?- She _ (go) to work. has gone9. - _ he ever _ (visit) China before? Has; visited - Yes, he has.用方框中适当的单词（组）填空before, ago, already, yet, ever, never, just, just now1. “I have _ seen such high waves in my life.” An old man described when tsunamis（海啸