第2课-状语从句.doc

第二课： 状语从句1、 状语从句，在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。2、 分类表格状语从句的分类 从句的引导词例句时间状语从句When/while/as(当.时)，before(在.之前)，after（在.之后），since（自从）not.until(直到.才),as soon as(一.就.)He _ to bed until he finished homework. A goes B didnt go C doesnt go D dont go 条件状语从句If(如果)，as long as（只要），unless（除非）_ weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.原因状语从句Because(因为)，since（既然），as(由于)，for (由于)I like to eat apples _its good for my health.目的状语从句So that（以便，为了），in order that（为了）He gets up early _ he can catch the bus.结果状语从句So that(结果是)，so.that /such.that（如此.以至于）Its _ hot that nobody wants to go out让步状语从句Though/although（尽管，虽然），even if （即使），whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whenever(无论何时)。_(what) you go, I will go with you._(when) you come, I will wait for you.让步状语从句Than(比.)，as.as(和.一样)，not as/so.as(不如.)He is as _(tall)as Tom地点状语从句Where(.地方)，wherever（无论哪里）Sit wherever you like.3、 区别（1） 时间状语从句1. 定义2. 引导词3. 区别when 与while(1) when用法比while更广泛，常代替while.(2) when引导的时间状语从句，动词可以延续性的，也可以非延续性的 while引导的时间状语从句，动词只能是延续性的(3) when状从，主句动作和从句的动作可同时发生，或从句动作在主句动作之前 while状从，主句动作在从句动作的过程中发生。 eg. Sam was reading the newspaper when his brother fell to the ground. The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.until与till(1) 如果主句用肯定式-.until/till.译：一直到.时。谓语动词用延续性动词 eg. The young man read until the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops(2) 如果主句用否定式-not.until 译：直到.才.。谓语动词要用非延续性动词 eg. We wont start until Bob comes.before 与after 译：在.之前，在.之后4. “主将从现，主过从句” as soon asI will tell you as soon as he_(come)back.We began to work as soon as we_(got)there.（2） 条件状语从句1. if。如果，假如。表示在某种条件下某事可能发生2. 位置：if条件句放在句首，从句后面加“，”与主句隔开 Print the photo if you like it= If you like the photo, print it .3. 时态：(1) 主将从现： If you ask him, he _(help)you.(2) 主句中含有情态动词（will, should, shall, can, may等），从句用一般现在时 If you _(be) tired, you can have a short rest.(3) 如果if从句表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。 We _(give)you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.(4) If引导的从句也可用一般过去时表示与现在相反的假设（虚拟语气） I would go to the beach with you if I had time now.4. if条件句与祈使句的转换 If条件句=祈使句+and/or/or else/or otherwise+简单句 If you work harder, youll pass the exam.= Work harder,_ you will pass the exam. If you dont hurry up, youll miss the train.= Hurry up, _ you will miss the train.5. 区别if 引导的条件句与宾语从句(1) 条件状从中，if 译为“如果”，主将从现，可位于主句前，或后。(2) 宾从中，if译为“是否”，可用将来时态，位于主句之后。If you keep on working hard at English, you can learn it well.My little brother wants to know if my father will take him to the Zoo.6. 转换 Dont come here if I dont call you= Dont come here unless I call you.（3） 原因状语从句1. 定义2. 引导词3. 区别because表示直接的原因或理由，表原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，回答why引导的特殊疑问句。 （because不与so连用）because of+名词since语气比because弱，表对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因或事实。as口语化，语气最弱。He was absent from school _he was ill_ everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him.既然每个人都犯错误，你不应该总是批评他。_it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.由于这是一个公共的假日，所有的商店都是关门的。（4） 目的状语从句1. 定义2. 引导词3. 位置，可以放在句首，句末。4. 特点，由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示可能的时态，多用情态动词5. 当主从句中主语一致时，通常可以转换成为so as to do sth./in order to do sth.使主从复合句变成一个简单句 They study hard so that/ in order that they can catch up with their classmates.= They study hard _ _ _ catch up with their classmates.（5） 结果状语从句1. 定义2. 位置，常位于主句之后3. 常考：(1)so adj / adv.that.not. = too. to do sth =not adj / adv enough to do sth. 他太小而不能去上学 He is _ young _he cant go to school =He is _young _go to school =He is _ old enough _go to school(2) so.that. 与such.that.区别So adj /adv. that.So adj +a /an+ n单数 thatSuch ( a /an)+形容词+ 名词 that注：当名词前有many 或much修饰时，用so.eg. She is _a lovely girl that we all love her.She is _lovely a girl that we all love her.We have _much time that we can finish the work very well.（6） 让步状语从句1. 引导词：2. 注意：although与though一般可以互换，但不与 but连用，可以与yet,still连用。Although比though更正式一些。 Although /Though he has lots of money, yet he is unhappy.3. although引