英语本科毕业论文模板.doc

渭南师范学院本科毕业论文题 目： 文化差异及文化的不可译性 学院名称： 外国语学院 专业班级： 英语专业08级英本2班 毕业年份： 2012年6月 姓 名： X X X 学 号： 081111111 指导教师： X X X 职 称： X X X 渭南师范学院教务处 制4Cultural Differences and Cultural UntranslatabilityByZheng ZhenghengA Thesis Presented to School of Foreign Languages ofWeinan Normal Universityas Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree ofBachelor of ArtsMay 13, 2012Class: Class 2 of 2008Advisor: Zhang Zhanghang文化差异及文化的不可译性摘要：每个国家独特的社会背景、文化内涵和思维模式决定了两个国家间存在着许多文化方面的差异。随着国际文化交流的不断扩大，跨文化翻译的任务也变得愈加繁重。英汉间的文化差异不仅可以造成跨文化交际的失误，甚至会构成翻译的障碍或不可译性。所以，文化差异及文化的不可译性一直是翻译领域的热门话题。文章首先指出了由文化差异引起的文化不可译性的四种因素，即：历史文化差异引起的文化不可译性、地域文化差异引起的文化不可译性、习俗文化差异引起的文化不可译性和宗教文化差异引起的文化不可译性。然后从三个方面例析了文化不可译性的具体表现，即修辞的不可译性、习语的不可译性和文化负载词的不可译性，从而得出文化差异和文化的不可译性是翻译过程中不可避免的一种现象。关键词：文化；文化差异；不可译性Cultural Difference and Cultural UntranslatabilityAbstract: Each nation has its peculiar social background, cultural connotations and thinking patterns so that there are many cultural differences between two countries. With the extensive of international communication and culture exchange, the task of translation becomes more and more important. The cultural differences between English and Chinese may give rise to misunderstandings or even translation block. Cultural differences have been a hot topic in the field of translation. It has a significant impact on the translation, and may lead to the cultural untranslatability. So this paper aims at discussing the cultural untranslatability and the cultural differences. It starts with the analysis of four leading cultural untranslatability factors. Then it divides the cultural untranslatability into four types. And it focuses on the aspects of rhetoric and culture-loaded words to present the untranslatability. The cultural gap is unavoidable, so is the cultural untranslatability.Key words: Culture; cultural difference; untranslatabilityTable of ContentsI. Introduction1II. Culture and Translation2III. Cultural Difference: the Cause of Cultural Untranslatability2A. Historical cultural difference3B. Regional cultural difference 错误！未定义书签。C. Custom cultural difference错误！未定义书签。D. Religious cultural difference错误！未定义书签。IV.The Types of Cultural Untranslatability错误！未定义书签。A. Untranslatability of Rhetoric错误！未定义书签。1. Pun错误！未定义书签。2 .Palindrome错误！未定义书签。3. Parody错误！未定义书签。4. Poetic meter错误！未定义书签。B. Untranslatability of Idioms错误！未定义书签。1. Untranslatability of allusions错误！未定义书签。2. Untranslatability of Chinese enigmatic folk similes错误！未定义书签。3. Untranslatability of set phrases错误！未定义书签。4. Untranslatability of proverbs错误！未定义书签。C. Untranslatability of Culture loaded Words错误！未定义书签。1. Untranslatability caused by zero of meaning错误！未定义书签。2. Untranslatability caused by different associative meanings错误！未定义书签。V.Conclusion错误！未定义书签。I. Introduction“Culture” in English is a loan word from Latin that mainly means “cultivating or tilling the land”(Wang Zhenya 7). The word is originally associated with physical activities and production of food. Later its meaning was extended to include mental, moral, aesthetic, educational and intellectual activities, so “Culture or civilization taken in its wide ethnological sense is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society,” Edward Tyler once gave this classical definition to culture. (54)And as we all know that humans knowledge and experience are described and stored in language. Their customs, habits and behavioral patterns can be described and analyzed in language. so we can infer that a language not only is the expressions of facts, ideas, or events, which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects peoples attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks etc. As Zhang Zhenya said, “language is the carrier and container of cultural information” (6). That is to say, language expresses cultural reality, so “language and culture are inextricably intertwined” (Dai 130). Language as an integral part of human beings permeates his thinking and way of viewing the world. Language both expresses and embodies cultural reality.However “each nation has been living in its unique geographical and framework in which a unique culture has been established and is developing. And no two languages in the world are identical in every way; each culture is unique” (Mi, Jin 57).So there are great differences between the source language and the target language. Thats why we often meet untranslatability. When we refer to untranslatability, we dont mean that something is absolutely untranslatable. In fact, we mean that during the process of translation, we cant find a one-to-one correspondence to fulfill its function both in form and meaning in the target language. What we can do is to find out a similar expression or word to transmit the information, and most of the time we use indirectly translation or the source material and the original feature will certainly lose during the translation.II. Culture and TranslationCulture is an orderly system, which includes all kinds of meanings. To know a certain culture, one must be well aware of its meanings. Different cultures have nearly the same meaning, which is the basis of cross-cultural communication while different culture systems represent totally different patterns, which constitutes the barrier in the cultural communication. That is the cultural difference.Translation means intercultural communication by means of which one culture can be transmitted into another, so the cultural special characteristics unavoidably influence translation. The equivalence limitedness of the translation between the original language and the target language is almost caused by the differences between the two cultures and how to convey the cultural meaning is often the difficulty of a translation.Different languages are bound to adopt different meaningful devices to show their cultures in order to reflect their national consciousness and cultural tradition. The research of the cultural features embodies rich contents. According to the research of some scholars, the cultural features of language include: (Fu 60)a. ecologyb. material culturec. social culture d. religious culturee. linguistic cultureIII.Cultural Difference: the Cause of Cultural UntranslatabilityThe translating activity proves that the forming of peoples attitude toward the nature as well as their ways of thinking restricted by the culture. The exchange of two languages without considering the cultural factors can not be successful. In fact, the translating activity done in the background of two different cultures always suffers from the untranslatability phenomenon. This kind of untranslatability is what we called cultural untranslatability. There are four aspects of the cause of cultural untranslatability.A. Historical cultural differenceBibliographyTyler, Edward. Primitive Culture. New York: Harper, 1996. 54Feng Cuihua. English Rhetorical Options. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1995. 226Fu Mengyuan. “The Semantic Zero Caused By Different Culture In Translation”, Journal of Jian Teachers Colle