A8-Test Bank Part II-Chapter 6 Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 Supporting Your IdeasTrue-False Questions Students are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.1.TFGood speeches are composed of hot air and generalizations.2.TFWhenever you use a hypothetical example in a speech, it is usually a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is not unrealistic.3.TFThe impact of examples is enhanced when they are combined with other supporting materials that show the examples to be typical.4.TFWhen you use numerical data, make sure your statistics are representative of what they claim to measure.5.TFStatistics speak for themselves. 6.TFBeing creative is one of the most important steps you can take to make statistics work in your speeches. 7.TFCiting the views of people who are experts is a good way to lend credibility to your speeches. 8.TFPeer testimony is especially valuable because it gives a more personal viewpoint on issues than can be gained from expert testimony.9.TFListeners will find your speeches much more credible if you use testimony from sources qualified on the subject at hand.10.TFVery few listeners are suspicious of testimony from biased or self-interested sources. Multiple Choice QuestionsStudents are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.1. The basic kinds of supporting materials include all of the following EXCEPT _.a. examplesb. commentsc. statisticsd. testimony2. Examples are so important that many experienced speakers consider them “_”.a. the secret weapon for successful speakingb. the highlight of the speechc. the very life of the speechd. the best tool for speech making3. Which of the following types of examples describes an imaginary situation?a. Brief examples.b. Extended examples.c. Hypothetical examples.d. Elaborate examples.4. The richly textured example supplies _ to bring the example to life.a. everyday detailsb. exciting momentsc. unique experiencesd. trials and tribulations5. Which of the following sources will be considered reliable for nutritional ratings for fast food?a. Pizza Hut.b. Mike Donalds.c. Consumer Union.d. Fridays.6. All of the following statements contain effective use of statistics EXCEPT “_”. a. The population of Saudi Arabia is approaching 29 millionb. Lake Poyang has a surface area of almost 3,600 square kilometersc. Mount Kilimanjaro is 589,514 meters highd. The world land speecd record is 1,228 kilometers per hour7. Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point are called _.a. examplesb. statisticsc. testimonyd. quotables8. Quotations are most _ when they are brief, when they convey your meaning better than you can, and when they are particularly eloquent, witty, or compelling. a. effectiveb. usefulc. interestingd. important9. Accurate quotation involves all of the following things EXCEPT making sure you do not _.a. misquote someoneb. violate the meaning of statements you paraphrasec. quote out of contextd. quote only the most authoritative sources10. Which of the following celebrity testimonials is an example of testimony from a poor source?a. The badminton player recommends a racquet. b. The Olympic diver praises a brand of swimsuit.c. A movie star endorses a pharmaceutical company.d. A professional driver introduces a new car model.11. Using spokespersons from _ to speak about the safety of bottle water is not a good idea because the source is biased.a. medical doctorsb. bottle water producersc. consumers of bottle waterd. International Bottle Water Association12. Using _ is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches.a. extended examplesb. peer testimonyc. statisticsd. brief examples13. According to your textbook, a(n) _ is an imaginary story that makes a general point.a. hypothetical exampleb. fablec. illustrationd. simulated example14. Ryan began his speech by saying:Imagine that you are on a deserted islandpalm trees sway in the breeze, the warm sun is on your face, and the smell of tropical flowers is in the air. Suddenly, the sound of distant drums breaks your euphoria. What do you dopanic? What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation?What kind of supporting material did Ryan use in his introduction?a. Hypothetical example.b. Extended metaphor.c. Synthetic example.d. Artificial simile.15. Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with _ that show(s) the examples to be typical.a. analogiesb. causal reasoningc. statisticsd. emotional appeals16. The main value of using statistics in a speech is to _. a. lend realism to the speechb. enhance the speakers credibilityc. quantify the speakers ideasd. make the speech more vivid17. To give statistics greater impact, a speaker should _. a. avoid using visual aids with the statisticsb. cite exact numbers rather than rounding offc. avoid using too many statisticsd. combine the statistics with technical language18. According to your textbook, when you use statistics in a speech, you should usually _.a. round off complicated statisticsb. combine the statistics with a hypothetical examplec. use a large number of statisticsd. manipulate the statistics to make a point19. Each of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a tip for using statistics EXCEPT_.a. use statistics sparinglyb. avoid using statistics found on the Internetc. round off complicated statisticsd. identify the source of your statistics20. According to your textbook, a good way to clarify statistical trends is to _.a. increase your speaking rate when giving statisticsb. use exact numbers rather than rounding offc. use visual aids when presenting statisticsd. make sure the statistics are from unbiased sources21. The main value of using expert testimony in a speech is to _. a. build the credibility of speakers who are not experts on their topicsb. gain attention in the introduction of the speechc. enhance the vividness of the speakers ideasd. keep the audiences attention throughout the body of the speech22. According to your textbook, if you quoted Dr. Anthony DAllesandro, a world-renowned transplant surgeon, on the organ shortage problem, what kind of testimony would you be using?a. Valid testimony.b. Peer testimony.c. Expert testimony.d. Unbiased testimony.23. In his speech about natural disasters, Paul included the following statement:Floods are psychologically as well as physically devastating. As one local flood victim told me, “It is a helpless feeling to see the water continue to riseto see it wash away your hometo see it wash away your life. I just feel like giving up.”According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material did Paul use?a. Emotional testimony.b. Extended testimony.c. Authoritative testimony.d. Peer testimony.24. According to your textbook, if you quoted your cousin about her experience digging for dinosaur bones last summer, you would be using _ testimony.a. personalb. paraphrasedc. peerd. direct25. In her speech about child abuse, Kim included the following statement:The effects of child abuse last long after the child has grown to adulthood. As one victim of child abuse stated in a local newspaper article just last week, “I know it sounds crazy, but sometimes I still wake up in fear in the middle of the night. Even worse, I find myself raging at my own children and treating them like my parents treated me.”According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material did Kim use?a. Peer testimony.b. Extended testimony.c. Expert testimony.d. Valid testimony.26. To paraphrase is to _. a. create a new way of describing an eventb. violate ethical standards of public speakingc. give the gist of someones statement in your own wordsd. use someone elses words so you dont have to credit them27. To give the gist of someones statement in your own words is to _. a. hypothesizeb. paraphrasec. corroborated. testify28. Using expert testimony is an excellent way to lend _ to your speeches.a. vividnessb. reliabilityc. concretenessd. credibility29. Which of the following would probably be the most reliable source of testimony in a speech about the impact of automobile exhaust on air pollution?a. The president of General Motors.b. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.c. A public relations officer at Ford Motors.d. The head of the Better Business Bureau.30. Which of the following would probably be the most reliable source of testimony in a speech about successful dieting strategies?a. The CEO of Dow Chemical for North Asia Pacific.b. A psychology professor from Peking University.c. A scientist studying weight-loss methods at the International Life Sciences Institute in China.d. An infomercial for the NutriSystem weight-loss program.31. What suggestion presented in your textbook for using supporting materials is used in the following speech excerpt?Since it first opened for business, McDonalds has sold over 100 billion hamburgers. To give you an idea how many hamburgers that is, think of it this way: Since each McDonalds burger (with the bun) is about 2 inches thick, 100 billion hamburgers stacked on top of each other would reach over 3 million milesfifteen times as far as the moon.a. Explain your statistics.b. Present testimony from qualified sources.c. Use examples to quantify ideas.d. Use statistics to personalize ideas.Short Answer Questions1. In addition to clarifying, personalizing, and reinforcing a speakers ideas, examples often appeal powerfully to our emotions. 2. One way to use brief examples is to pile them one upon the other until you create the desired impression. 3. By using a hypothetical example, a speaker can create a an imaginary scenario, relate it directly to his/her listeners, and get them involved in the speech. 4. Careful listeners usually keep an ear out for the sources of a speakers numbers. 5. According to your textbook, what three questions should you ask when evaluating statistics?a. Are the statistics representative?b. Are statistical measures used correctly?c. Are the statistics from a reliable source?6. In addition to explaining statistics verbally, you can use visual aids to give them clarity and meaning.7. Rather than drowning your audience in a sea of numbers, you can use a graph or chart to represent the numbers visually. 8. In most speeches you will probably rely on expert testimony, that is, testimony from people who are acknowledged authorities in their fields.9. Peer testimony are opinions of ordinary citizens who have firsthand experience on the topic. Essay Questions1. Explain the differences among the three types of examples discussed in the textbook. How can each be used effectively to support a speakers ideas?2. What is the difference between peer testimony and expert testimony? What are the principal benefits of using each kind of testimony in a speech?3. Identify and explain the five guidelines discussed in your textbook for using testimony effectively in a speech.4. Explain why quoting out of context can have serious consequences. Use an example to help illustrate your point. 5. Each of the following statements violates at least one of the criteria for effective supporting materials. Explain the flaw (or flaws) in each statement.a. As Guo Degang stated in a recent talk show, eating plans that contain 1,000 to 1,200 calories each day will help most women lose weight safely. He added that eating plans that contain 1,200 to 1,600 calories each day are right for men seeking to lose weight. Those calorie levels may also be right for women who weigh 75 kilograms or more or who often exercise.b. A random survey taken last month in a business class at Peking University indicated that 27 out of 30 students used the iPad as a learning tool. Therefore we can conclude that at least 90% of the college students in China use the iPad for education purposes.c. Some high school teachers now believe that tension headaches may result from changes among brain chemicals such as serotonin (血清素). These changes may start sending pain messages to the brain. The changes may interfere with brain activity that suppresses pain.d. According to a survey sponsored by the Wahaha Nutrition Express Line, the Wahaha nutri-express milk and fruit juice soft drink enjoys greater popularity among Chinese consumers than competing products.6. What are the three major types of supporting materials used in public speeches? Evaluate the use of all three types in the following speech excerpt. Be sure to deal with all the supporting materials in the excerpt, and be specific in your evaluation.People have known since ancient times that aspirin he