心理学专业考研重点名词中英文对照表.doc

感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory 短期记忆（STM）short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）long-term memory复诵rehearsal预示（激发）priming童年失忆症childhood amnesia视觉编码（表征）visual code（representation）听觉编码acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄self-terminated S.程序性知识procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识episodic K.讯息处理深度depth of processing精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性coding specificity记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法method of loci字钩法peg word（线）探索（测）（激发）字prime关键词key word命题思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行动思考motoric thought概念concept 原型prototype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）linguistic relativity th.音素phoneme词素morpheme（字词的）外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning（句子的）表层与深层结构surface & deep structure语意分析法semantic differential全句语言holophrastic speech过度延伸over-extension电报式语言telegraphic speech关键期critical period差异减缩法difference reduction方法目的分析means-ends analysis倒推working backward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determinism本能instinct种属特有行为species specific驱力drive诱因incentive驱力减低说drive reduction th.恒定状态（作用）homeostasis原级与次级动机primary & secondary M.功能独立functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说fat-cell theory.下视丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定点论set point th.CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic 第二性征secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy 内在（发）动机intrinsic motive 外在（衍）动机extrinsic motive 成就需求N. achievement 需求层级hierarchy of needs 自我实现self actualization 冲突conflict 多项仪polygraph 肤电反应GSR （认知）评估（cognitive appraisal） 脸部回馈假说facial feedback hypothesis （生理）激发arousal 挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggression hy. 替代学习vicarious learning 发展development 先天nature 后天nurture 成熟maturation （视觉）偏好法preferential method 习惯法habituation 视觉悬崖visual cliff 剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivation or enrichment of env. 基模schema 同化assimilation 调适accommodation 平衡equilibrium 感觉动作期sensorimotor stage 物体永久性objective permanence 运思前期preoperational st. 保留概念conservation 道德现实主义moral realism 具体运思期concrete operational 形式运思期formal operational st. 前俗例道德pre-conventional moral 俗例道德conventional moral 超俗例道德post-conventional moral气质temperament 依附attachment 性别认定gender identity 性别配合sex typing 性蕾期phallic stage 恋亲冲突Oedipal conflict 认同identification 社会学习social learning 情结complex 性别恒定gender constancy 青年期adolescence 青春期 -puberty 第二性征secondary sex characteristics 认同危机identity crisis 定向统合identity achievement 早闭型统合foreclosure 未定型统合moratorium 迷失型统合identity diffusion 传承generativity 心理动力psycho-dynamics 心理分析psychoanalysis 行为论behaviorism 心理生物观psycho-biological perspective 认知cognition 临床心理学家-clinical psychologist 谘商counseling 人因工程human factor engineering 组织organization 潜意识unconsciousness 完形心理学Gestalt psychology 感觉sensation 知觉perception 实验法experimental method 独变项independent variable 依变项dependent V. 控制变项control V. 生理physiology 条件化conditioning 学习learning 比较心理学comparative psy双盲法doubleblind 实地实验field experiment 相关correlation 调查survey 访谈interview 个案研究case study 观察observation 心理测验psychological test 纹理递变度texture gradient 注意attention 物体的组群grouping of object 型态辨识pattern recognition 形象-背景figure-ground 接近律proximity 相似律similarity 闭合律closure 连续律continuity 对称律symmetry 错觉illusion 幻觉delusion 恒常性constancy 大小size 形状shape 位置 location 单眼线索monocular cue 线性透视linear- perspective 双眼线索binocular cue 深度depth 调节作用accommodation 重迭superposition 双眼融合binocular fusion 辐辏作用convergence 双眼像差binocular disparity 向度 dimension 自动效应autokinetic effect 运动视差motion parallax 诱发运动induced motion 闪光运动stroboscopic motion 上下文脉络context 人工智能artificial intelligence A.I. 脉络关系作用-context effect 模板匹配template matching 整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis 丰富性redundancy 选择性selective 无意识的推论-unconscious inferences 运动后效motion aftereffect 特征侦测器feature detector 节省分数savings 外显与内隐记忆explicit & implicit memory 记忆广度memory span 组集chunk 序列位置效应serial position effect 起始效应primacy effect 新近效应recency effect 心（情）境依赖学习state-dependent L. 无意义音节nonsense syllable 顺向干扰proactive interference 逆向干扰retroactive interference 闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory 动机性遗忘motivated forgetting 器质性失忆症organic amnesia 阿兹海默症Alzheimers disease 近事（顺向）失忆症anterograde amnesia 旧事（逆向）失忆retrograde A. 高沙可夫症候群korsakoffs syndrome 凝固理论consolidation激发性excitatory 抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理up-down process由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式connectionist model联结失识症associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia意识conscious（ness）意识改变状态altered states of consciousness无意识unconsciousness前意识preconsciousness内省法introspection边缘注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排队（鸡尾酒会）效应lunch line（cocktail party） effect自动化历程automatic process解离dissociate解离认同失常dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠REM dream非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的梦lucid dreaming失眠insomnia显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinogen镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律Webers law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechners law频率frequency 振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和谐音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil网膜retina睫状肌ciliary muscle调节作用accommodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CTPET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑cerebellum网状结构reticular formationRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央沟central fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子identical twins异卵双生子fraternal twins古典制约classical conditioning操作制约operant conditioning非制约刺激（US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应（UR）unconditioned R.制约刺激（CS）conditioned S.制约反应（CR）conditioned R.习（获）得acquisition增强作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（发性）然恢复spontaneous recovery前行制约forward conditioning同时制约simultaneous conditioning回溯制约backward cond.痕迹制约trace conditioning延宕制约delay conditioning类化（梯度）generalization（gradient）区辨discrimination（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error learning效果率law of e