英语教学中不可或缺的文化意识PPT课件

英语教学中不可或缺的文化意识 CulturalAwarenessIndispensableforEnglishTeachingandLearning 1 Whatisculturalawareness 2 Whatisculture 3 Whatistherelationshipbetweencultureandlanguage 4 Whatdoesthisrelationshipimplyforlanguageteaching 5 WhatarethebasicStrategiesforlearninglanguageandculture I WhatisCulturalawareness theawarenessoftherolecultureplaysinhumaninteraction howtounderstandandinterprettheculturalaspectsoflanguage andthedevelopmentofskillsinbehavingandrespondinginculturallyappropriatewaysinadditiontoknowledgeofthetargetculture K Craves 1996 animportantfocusofmodernlanguageeducationagreaterawarenessoftheinseparabilityoflanguageandculturetheneedtopreparestudentsforinterculturalcommunication Toreemphasizethatdevelopingculturalawarenessisasimportantasacquiringlinguisticcompetencelanguageandculturearesocloselyconnectedthatonecannotsurvivewithouttheother II Whatisculture Thewayoflifeforanentiresociety Assuch itincludescodesofmanners dress language religion rituals normsofbehaviorsuchaslawandmorality andsystemsofbeliefaswellasartandliterature cultureshouldberegardedasthesetofdistinctivespiritual material intellectualandemotionalfeaturesofsocietyorasocialgroup andthatitencompasses inadditiontoartandliterature lifestyles waysoflivingtogether valuesystems traditionsandbeliefs Unesco联合国教科文组织 2002 III Whatistherelationshipbetweencultureandlanguage Languageisrootedinculture andcultureisreflectedandpassedonbylanguagefromonegenerationtothenext Emmitt Byram1997 Cultureisdeeplyingrainedpartoftheveryfibreofourbeing butlanguage themeansforcommunicationamongmembersofaculture isthemostvisibleandavailableexpressionofthatculture H D Brown 1994 Cultureiscalled afifthskillofcommunicativecompetence C Kramsch 1993 IV Whatdoesthisrelationshipimplyforlanguageteaching Cultureisthe fifthdimensionoflanguageteaching Damen 1986 Learninganewlanguageinvolvesthelearningofanewculture AllwrightTeachersofalanguagearealsoteachersofculture M Byram 1989 A Teachersmustinstructtheirstudentsontheculturalbackgroundoflanguageusage Cultureissuchabroadconceptthatitisinherentlytiedtoofthelinguisticconceptsinsecondlanguageclasses Culturemustbeincorporatedintotheprocessoflanguageteachingandlearning Sir madam miss gentleman lady Teachersmustinstructstudentstheculturalbackgroundoftheirusageforsociallyappropriatecommunication Sir itsUsage 1 Goodmorning sir CanIhelpyou apolitewayaddressingamanunknown 2 Reporttometomorrow Yes sir 是 长官 toshowrespect 3 DearSir Sirs Atthebeginningofaformalbusinesslettertoanunknownmanorunknownmen 4 SirIsaacNewton 牛顿爵士 atitie 贵族头衔 5 Please sir canIopenawindow Br E usedbyschoolchildren DearZengSir Goodeveningandsorry HereEnglishwordsareusedasdeadsymbols Everyculturehasitsownculturalnorms 规范 forcommunicationandthesenormsdifferfromoneculturetoanother Themoreeffectivelyweobservethenormsofothercultures thebetterisourcommunicationwithpeopleofthetargetculture AnalysisofInvisibleCharacterImageRebeccainButterflyDreamThesisStatement Daphnewithitsuniqueliterarystyleandthefeministpointofviewtogivethereaderavividcharacters Rebecca DaphneduMaurier B Teachersmustinstructtheirstudentsabouttheculturalinformationloadedinthetargetlanguage EdgarAllenPoe爱伦 坡TheCaskofAmontillado 阿芒提拉多酒 Heemptiedit abottleofwine atabreath Hiseyesflashedwithafiercelight HelaughedandthrewthebottleupwardswithagesticulationIdidnotunderstand Ilookedathiminsurprise Herepeatedthemovement agrotesqueone youdonotcomprehend hesaid Not Ireplied Thenyouarenotofthebrotherhood How 协会 社团 Youarenotofthemasons mason 石匠 Yes yes Isaid yes yes Mason Freemason共济会一种普布于欧美的秘密结社 有保密的接头暗语或手势 其历史悠久 成员包括如下世界名人 伏尔泰 孟德斯鸠 歌德 海顿 贝多芬 莫扎特 华盛顿 富兰克林 马克 吐温 柯南道尔 牛顿 爱因斯坦 C Teachersmustinstructtheirstudentsabouttheculturallyappropriatewaysofusingthetargetlanguage Linguisticcompetencealoneisnotenoughforlearnersofalanguagetobecompetentinthatlanguage Krasner 1999 Languagelearnersneedtobeawareoftheculturallyappropriatewaystoaddresspeople expressgratitude makerequests andagreeordisagreewithsomeone MakingaRequest Heyyou comehere Beinglinguisticallycorrectisnotnecessarilyculturallyappropriate Studentswillmasteralanguagewhentheylearnbothitslinguisticandculturalnorms Iwant I dlike Languagelearnerscannottrulymasterthelanguageuntiltheyhavealsomasteredtheculturalcontextsinwhichthelanguageoccurs V WhatarethebasicStrategiesforlearninglanguageandculture A Usingauthenticsourcesfromthenativespeechcommunity films newsbroadcasts andtelevisionshowsWebsites andphotographs magazines newspapers andotherprintedmaterials Films orVCD DVD areespeciallyeffectiveasoneofthemorecurrentandcomprehensivewaystoenclosethelook feel andrhythmofaculture B StudyingEnglishIdioms 习语 成语 andproverbs 谚语 HelpingstudentstonoticehowEnglishidiomsandproverbsaredifferentfromorsimilartothoseinChineseandhowdifferencesmightunderscorehistoricalandculturalbackground asstrongasahorse 体壮如牛 力大如牛 talkhorse 吹牛 putthecartbeforethehorse 本末倒置 cuttheGordianknot 快刀斩乱麻 C ExposuretotheEnglishenvironment Contactwiththenativespeakers visits conversation celebrations etc willexposeStudentsinanauthenticEnglishenvironmentinwhichtheycanexploreandaccumulatetheirknowledgeofEnglishculture D Literature Literarytextsareoftenfullofculturalinformationandevokememorablereactionsforreaders Theyareimportantforstudentstolearnbothlanguageandculture Fromliteraryworksonecangetavividimpressionaboutalmosteveryaspectofthecultureofthatsociety Thenamesofsometypicalcharactersinclassicliteraryworksoftenappearindailyspeechorwritings Hamlet inHamlet thePrinceofDenmarkbyShakespeare Lear inKingLearbyShakespeare IchabodCrane inTheLegendofSleepyHollowbyWashingtonIrving RipVanWinkle RipVanWinklebyWashingtonIrving HeisaHamletinpolitics hesitantorindecisive ThatguyisaRipVanWrinkleinourneighborhood ahen peckedhusband E Religionandbeliefsystems Asapartofwesternculture EnglishcultureisstronglyinfluencedbyancientGreece ancientRomeandChristianity NamesofRomangodsandgoddess Mercury Venus Mars etc Solarsystem NamesofGeekgodsandgoddess Apollo11Mission阿波罗11号航天飞行Muses缪斯女神Narcissus美貌自恋的青年 水仙 植物 narcissism自恋 narcissist自我陶醉者 希腊罗马神话故事 古代的希腊和罗马 吴于廑 生活 读书 新知三联书店 VI Whatisthedifferencebetweenculturalknowledgeandculturalawareness Thisinformationistypically external 外来的 itisgiventousbysomeoneelse akindofindirectknowledge static 静态的 wedonotmodifyitfromexperiencearticulated 明确表达的 itisreducedtowhatwordscanexpress stereotypical 模式化观念的 itreferstogeneralnormsratherthanspecificinstances reduced 浓缩过的 ithasbeenselectedfromalltheinformationavailableandittypicallyomitsinformationaboutvariationandexceptions Culturalknowledge Itconsistsofinformationaboutthecharacteristicsofourownandotherpeople scultures Theinformationisnormallygiventousintheformof a facts b statistics c generalizations d examples Culturalknowledgecanalsobemisleadingbecauseit a isdependentonotherpeople sexpertise objectivityandintegrity b isfixedintime oftenoutofdate c isinevitablysimplified d oftenconcealsasmuchasitreveals Culturalawareness AccordingtoTomlinsonandMasuhara 2004 culturalawarenessconsistsof