九年级英语全册 被动语态课件 （新版）人教新目标版.ppt

被动语态 1 teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes 2 englishisspokenbymanypeople 4 lucky52iswatchedontvbymanypeople 3 theticketsaboutheroesaresoldout 5 riceisplantedinsouthchina 6 heissaidagoodboy 语态 英语的语态是动词的一种形式 用来表示 和 之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即 和 主动语态 表示主语是动作的 被动语态 表示主语是动作的 如 manystudentsstudyenglish englishisstudiedbymanystudents 语态 主动语态 被动语态 执行者 承受者 主语 谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 一 被动语态的构成 助动词be 及物动词的 过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式 助动词 有 和 的变化 其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样 一般现在时的被动语态 动词的过去分词 如 thedesk madeofwood thedesks madeofwood he askedaquestionbytheteacher is are was be 人称 数 时态 主语 be v ed 及物 by 动作执行者 am is are bymanystudents 1 manystudentsstudyenglish english isstudied 2 theymakeshoesinthatfactory shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 二 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1 把主动语态的 变为被动语态的 如主动句的宾语是代词 需将其由 变为 2 把主动语态的谓语变为 语态的谓语 3 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的 短语 by短语可以省 by短语后跟代词的 格 bytheteacher 3 theteacheroftenaskshimquestions he isasked questions 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 宾语 主语 宾格 主格 被动 be 过去分词 by 宾 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 theymakeshoesinthatfactory shoes 2 判断宾语的单复数 即be动词的单复数 are 3 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 4 修改谓语的形式 即原句动词改为过去分词 5 修改原句的主语 即by 宾语 原主语 bythem 主变被解题步骤 主变宾 宾变主 谓动bedone时不变 人称 数 格随着变 made inthatfactory theyplayfootballonsunday lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening theyoftenusecomputersinclass wemakethesemachinesinbeijing footballisplayedbythemonsunday thehomeworkisdonebylucyintheevening computersareoftenusedbytheminclass thesemachinesaremadeinbeijing practice 三 被动语态的句式变化肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 bymanystudents english isstudied bymanystudents english isnotstudied english bymanystudents english by 主语 be 过去分词 by 主语 benot 过去分词 by be 主语 过去分词 by 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by is studied whois studied thehomeworkisdonebylucyintheevening computersareoftenusedbytheminclass thesemachinesaremadeinbeijing footballisplayedbythemonsunday practice 四 被动语态的用法1 在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下 themeetingwasheldlastweek 会议上周召开了 englishistaughtinallmiddleschools 所有中学都开设英语课 2 要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时 teapotsareusedfordrinking 茶壶是饮水用的 where scottonproduced 棉花产于何地 五 各种时态的被动语态1 一般现在时结构 主语 过去分词 主 shecleansherroomeveryday 被 肯 否定句 一般疑问句 注意 被动句的be动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化 其时态应与主动句的时态一致 am is are herroomiscleaned byher everyday herroomisn tcleaned byher everyday isherroomcleaned byher everyday 1 theyboughttencomputerslastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 weplantedmanytreeslastyear manytrees wereplanted tencomputers werebought theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday wecleanedourclassroomjustnow theyusedthisroomforresting thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem practice 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 1 theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays thework willbefinished 2 tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow theroom willbecleaned by tom tomorrow willbe 过去分词 wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon practice 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 1 amycantakegoodcareofgina byamy gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 youshoulddrinkmorewater morewater shouldbedrunk byyou can may must should be 过去分词 否定句 主语 情态动词 not be 过去分词 疑问句 情态动词 can may must 主语 be 过去分词 1 hecantakecareofthebaby 2 lucymaydrawthepictures 3 youmustturnoffthelights 4 theyshouldlearnenglishwell thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim thepicturemaybedrawnbylucy thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem practice 5 现在进行时的被动语态的结构 1 someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow therooms arebeingpainted 2 heiswatchingtv tv isbeingwatched byhim is am are being 过去分词 6 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 1 wehavemadetwentymorekeys byus twentymorekeys havebeenmade 2 wehavefinishedourcompositions ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus have has been 过去分词 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall will begoingtobedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbeendone suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 这些书是为儿童写的 ihaven tbeentoldaboutit 没有人告诉我这件事 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 it s wassaid believed reported that it sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake 据报道 这次地震中大约有三百人死亡 2 强调动作的承受者 这时应用by短语 thecupwasbrokenbydavid 3 作客观说明时 常采用一种被动语态句型 被动语态的几种类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 主动语态 主语 v sb sth 主语 v sth to for sb 常见的接双宾语的动词有 to pass give teach show bring handfor make buy draw sing get 以 人 当主语时 变法和一般的变法一样 以 物 当主语时 在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for 被动语态 sb bev ed sth sth bev ed to forsb 如 1 hegavemeabook byhim 以i做主语 bytom 以物book作主语 2 heteachesusenglish byhim 以人当主语 byhim 以物作主语 iwasgivenabook abookwasgiventome wearetaughtenglish englishistaughttous keep make等动词常常有宾语补足语 在被动语态中 宾语补足语 不变 wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge 主谓宾 inthefridge isawhimgointotheofficebuilding theofficebuilding 2 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 位置 foodiskeptfresh hewasseentogointo 宾补 即feel hear listen have make let look watch see notice 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不定式不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 1 isawhimplaybasketballlastsunday he wasseen toplaybasketballlastsunday 2 weheardthemsingintheclassroom they washeard tosingintheclassroom 3 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 动词 宾语 动词原形 be v ed to v 原 不及物动词没有宾语 因此 有被动语态 但有的不及物动词后面加上 词及其他一些词类构成 之后 其作用相当于 物动词 可以接宾语 因而也可以变为被动语态 在变成被动语态时 去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词 theytakegoodcareofmychild mychild iturnedofftheradio theradio byme 4 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 没 介 短语动词 及 不能 istakengoodcareof wasturnedoff 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式 不需再加 bybecoveredwith 用 覆盖着beinterestedin 对 感兴趣besurprisedat 对 感到惊奇bemadeof from 用 制造的 动词短语的被动语态takecareof betakencareofcutdown becutdownlaughat belaughedatlookafter belookedafter 1 当主动结构中的宾语是 代词和 代词时 不能改为被动语态 weoftenhelpeachother 我们常常互相帮助 2 当谓语是表 的及物动词时 如have like takeplace belongto 如 iliketheseflowers 我喜欢这些花 iwillhaveameeting 不说ameetingwillbehad 应说ameetingwill 5 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 反身 相互 状态 beheld 3 主动形式表被动意义 1 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义 如 等herbedroomlooksverycleanandtidy 她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁 2 当need want require beworth后面接 时 表示的是被动意义 例如 yourhairwants 你的头发该理了 thefloorrequires 地板需要冲洗 thebookisworth 这本书值得一读 thechildrenneed 孩子们需要照看 doing cutting washing reading lookingafter look smell taste feel prove wear sound 3 某些作表语的形容词后 用 形式表示被动意义 theconversationishard 对这话很难理解 thefishisnoteasy 鱼不容易钓 thepassageisdifficult 这段文章很难读懂 4 某些动词的主语是物不是人时 等 例如 thebook well 这本书销路好 thisknife easily 这刀子很好用 不定式主动 tounderstand tofish toread wash clean cook look cut sell read wear feel draw write sell sells cuts 4 特殊结构 使别人能听见 理解自己 等 例如 explainitclearlyandmakeyourself 解释清楚些 让别人理解你的话 makesb heard understood understood 5 itissaidthat 从句及其他类似句型itissaidthat 据说 itisreportedthat 据报到 itisbelievedthat 大家相信 itishopedthat 大家希望 itiswellknownthat 众所周知itisthoughtthat 大家认为 itissuggestedthat 据建议 itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam 把下列句子变成被动语态 acarknockedhimdownyesterday 2 twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam 3 whenigotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree afallentreewasbeingcutup whenigotthere hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo practice 4 we llputontheplaynextsunday 5 workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool 6 theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear theplaywillbeputonnextsunday anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 lileigavetomanewpenlastweek 同上 anewpen tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby practice 3 alotofpeopleinchinacanspeakenglishnow 同上 english byalotofpeopleinchinanow 4 ihavelearnedenglishforabouttwoyears 同上 english forabouttwoyears 5 theywillpublishthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willbepublished 6 anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 变主动语态 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 7 peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear trees bypeopletherelastyear 8 theygrowvegetablesonthefarm thevegetables onthefarm theysentup wereplanted aregrown 中考题 三 用所给单词完成句子1 theoffice clean yesterday theofficewascleanedyesterday 2 thehouse paint lastmonth thehouse 3 threepeople injure intheaccident 4 mybicycle steal afewdaysago 5 when thisbridge build waspaintedlastmonth threepeoplewereinjuredintheaccident mybicyclewasstolenafewdaysago whenwasthisbridgebuilt 6 you invite tothepartylastweek 7 how thesewindows break 8 i not wakeup bythenoise wereyouinvitedtothepartylastweek howwerethesewindowsbroken iwasn twokenupbythenoise 一 被动语态专项练习 选择填空 1 insomecountries tea withmilkandsugar a isservingb isservedc servesd served2 greatchanges inmyhometownsince1980 a havebeentakenplaceb tookplacec havetakenplaced weretakenplace b c 3 thenewtypeofcarisgoingto inthreeyears a turnoutb beturnedoutc hasturnedoutd havebeenturnedout4 thewomanmurderedherfriendand to a wassentenced deathb sentencing diec sentenced deathd sentenced die b a 5 doyouliketheskirt it soft a isfeelingb feltc feelsd isfelt6 areyoustillhere youwerehereanhourago who for a areyouwaitingb didyouwaitc wereyouwaitingd doyouwait c a 7 toknowprofessorzhang a hesaidb isaidc heissaidd itsays8 iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow sorry already a ittookb ittakesc itistakingd ithasbeentaken c d 9 theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday a hadpost hadarrivedb wasposted arrivedc posted arrivedd hadbeenposted wasarrived10 hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextthursday a isgivenb willbegivenc wouldhavegivend wouldbegiven b d 11 water intoice a willchangedb mustbechangedc shouldchanged canbechanged12 plays twiceamonthinthattheatre a putonb areputonc wasputond oftenputon d b 13 thebirds flyawaylastsaturday a lettob islettoc wasletd wereletto14 astrangesound yesterdayevening a washeardb hearsc heardd isheard15 abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates a senttob willsenttoc wassenttod willbesentfor d a c 16 misschen just tospeakatthemeeting a has beenaskedb hasbeen askedc havebeen askedd have beenasked17 meat outinthisshop wecan now a havebeensold getnothingb hasbeensold getnoth