七年级英语语法知识总结(讲解考点综合练习)：冠词.docx

第1章 冠 词一、冠词的概述1、冠词的定义：冠词是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。2、冠词的种类：(1)不定冠词：有a/an 两种形式。“a”用在以辅音音素开头的词前面，“an”用在以元音音素开头的词前面。判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。(2)定冠词: 只有the 一种形式。3、冠词的泛指、特指和类指的用法：(1)泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。(2)特指：指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方都清楚的特定的人或事物。(3)类指：表示类别4、 冠词的用法：概述冠词用法说明单数可数名词前一般要用冠词a(n)泛指单一，每一，任一事物类指类别the特指上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方都清楚的人或事物世上独一无二的事物类指类别复数可数名词、不可数名词前the特指上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 说话双方都清楚的人或事物 零冠词泛指人或事物类指类别二、冠词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：不定冠词a/an的用法考点1：用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。(1) This is a book. 这是一本书。(2) There is a boy in the classroom. 教室里有一个男孩。(3) That is a schoolbag. 那是一个书包。 考点2：泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。(1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。(2) A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能会很危险。(3) A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。考点3：泛指某人或某物。(1) A girl is waiting for you. 一个女孩正在等你。(2) I have a beautiful bedroom. 我有个漂亮的卧室。(3) It is an excellent movie. 这是一部很棒的电影。考点4：用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一“的意思，相当于every。(1) two kilometers an hour 每小时两千米(2) five lessons a week 每周五节课(3) twice a month 每月两次考点5：用于某些固定词组中。(1) a few/little/bit 一点儿(2) have a good time 玩的愉快(3) keep a diary 写日记(4) in a hurry 匆忙 考点6：用于可视为一体的两个名词前。a knife and fork 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一副杯碟考点二：定冠词the的用法考点1：表示双方都知道的人或事物。(1) Give me the book, please. 请给我那本书。(2) Dont worry, if you cant come to the party. I will save some cake for you. 别担心，如果你不能来参加晚会的话，我会给你留些蛋糕的。(3) Open the door, please. 请把门打开。考点2：表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。（第一次提到用“a或an”以后再次提到用“the”）(1) Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？(2) I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本书。这本书很有趣。(3) There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new. 我爸爸房间里有一个架子。那个架子是新的。考点3：表示世界上独一无二的事物。(1) The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。(2) The moon is bright at night. 晚上月亮很明亮。(3) The plane is flying in the sky. 飞机在空中飞。(4) There are about 200 countries in the world. 世界上约有200个国家。 考点4：用在序数词，形容词最高级前面，以及对特定的两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前。(1) The first lesson is very easy. 第一课很简单。(2) She is the most careful student in our class. 她是我们班最认真的学生。(3) He is the younger of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中比较小的那一个。考点5：用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩。(1) The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人现在正在看电视。(2) The Blacks are cleaning the house. 布莱克一家正在打扫房子。(3) The Reads are having dinner. 瑞兹一家正在吃晚饭。考点6：用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。(1) the West Lake 西湖(2) the Great Wall 长城(3) the United States 美国(4) the United Nations 联合国考点7：与某些形容词连用表示一类人。(1) the poor 穷人(2) the rich 富人(3) the old 老人(4) the sick 病人考点8：用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前。(1) Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。(2) The sun rises from the east. 太阳从东方升起。(3) I like playing the piano. 我喜欢弹钢琴。(4) Lily is playing the violin. Lily正在拉小提琴。考点9：用于某些固定词组中。(1) in the morning/afternoon/evening (在上午/下午/晚上)(2) in the end 最后(3) by the way 顺便说一下(4) at the moment 此时，此刻考点三：零冠词的用法考点1：某些专有名词，如人名，地名，国名，物质名词，抽象名词等表示泛指时前面用零冠词。(1) China is a great country. 中国是一个伟大的国家。(2) Mary lives in New York. 玛丽住在纽约。考点2：用在表示节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某个月份或某年的某个季节，则需要在月份、季节前加”the”。(1) June 1st is Childrens Day. 六月一号是儿童节。(2) Spring comes after winter. 春天在冬天过去之后到来。(3) That event happened in the spring of 1932. 那件事发生在1932年的春天。考点3：三餐、球类及学科名词前用零冠词。(1) I went to school without having breakfast this morning. 今天早上我没吃早饭就去上学了。(2) He often plays basketball after school. 他经常在放学后打篮球。考点4：某些固定词组或习惯用语中用零冠词。(1) day and night 日日夜夜(2) side by side 肩并肩(3) in danger 在危险中(4) on duty 值日(5) in bed 卧病在床考点四：不定冠词a/an的区别考点1：a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。(1) He is an honest boy. 他是一个诚实的男孩(2) There are sixty minutes in an hour. 一个小时有60分钟。(3) There is an “f” in the word “five”. 在单词five中有一个f。考点2：记忆方法：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。(1) 在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X, 其他用a.(2) 以u开头的单词要注意区别：an umbrella 一把伞an unusual story 一个不同寻常的故事an unhappy boy 一个不高兴的男孩a university 一所大学a unit 一个单元a European country 一个欧洲国家a useful book 一本有用的书考点五：有无冠词的区别考点1：常见短语有无冠词的区别。(1) go to school 上学（是学生） go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）(2) go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉 go to the bed 向床边走去，走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）(3) in hospital 因病住院 in the hospital 在医院里（不一定是病人）(4) at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁(5) at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里(6) in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里(7) in future 今后 in the future 将来(8) in front of 在（外部的）前面 in the front of 在（内部的）前面(9) next year 明年 the next year 第二年(10) by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边(11) on bed （睡，病，躺）在床上on the bed （某物）在床上(12) on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上 三、综合练习 ( ) 1. There is _apple on the desk.A. a B. the C. an D. /( ) 2. The girl under _tree is my sister.A. aB .the C .an D. / ( ) 3. Mary is from _USA. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 4. He met _friend of his on the road. A. a B .the C .an D. / ( ) 5. Mr. Black will go back to England _. A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train( ) 6. Yesterday I went _work on _foot. A. /; / B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the ( ) 7. There is _”h” in the word “hour”, but _“h” doesnt make a sound. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; an D .an; the ( ) 8. Im going to see my mother. She is ill _. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital ( ) 9. We have three meals _day. We have_breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day. A. the; the; the B. the; /; the C. a; /; the D. a; the; the ( ) 10. -This is _film Ive told you about several times. -Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one. A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the ( ) 11. -Tina，could you please play_piano for me while Im singing？ -With pleasure. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 12. I want to try again. Please give me _third chance again. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 13. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught _bad cold and had to stay in _bed. A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the ( ) 14. _sun is shining brightly. A. A B. AnC. The D. / ( ) 15. Swimming is _in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( ) 16. There is _old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an ( ) 17. Shanghai is in _east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a ( ) 18. Bill is _English teacher. He likes playing _football. A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. /; / ( ) 19. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _hour to go there by _bus. A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; / ( ) 20. The story is _interesting. That means it is _interesting story. A. an; the B the; a C. /; an D. /; a ( ) 21. Lets go for _walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 22. This is _interesting story-book and it is also _useful one.A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an ( ) 23. _woman over there is _popular teacher in our school. A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the ( ) 24. They passed our school _day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the ( ) 25. Australia is _English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 26. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. /D. the ( ) 27. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the ( ) 28. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door? A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a ( ) 29. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some ( ) 30. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An ( ) 31. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 32. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any ( ) 33. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; / ( ) 34. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 35. He said that he got _ “C” in the test.A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 36. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an ( ) 37. English is _ useful language in _world. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an ( ) 38. In the word “carriage”, _ “r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / ( ) 39. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _ “A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one ( ) 40. I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the ( ) 41. Li Dan can play _ piano very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the ( ) 42. What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much. A. a; the B. a; a C. an; the D. the; / ( ) 43. _ tall man over there is our _ English teacher. A. A; the B. The; a C. A; an D. The; / ( ) 44._ usually go to church every Sunday. A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns ( ) 45. The train is running fifty miles _. A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour( ) 46. Anns habit of riding a motorcycle up and down t