曼昆《经济学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库 (02).doc

Chapter 2/Thinking Like An Economist v 127Chapter 2Thinking Like An EconomistTRUE/FALSE1.Economists try to address their subject with a scientists objectivity.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional2.Economists devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional3.The scientific method is the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Scientific methodMSC:Definitional4.The scientific method can be applied to the study of economics.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Scientific methodMSC:Interpretive5.While the scientific method is applicable to studying natural sciences, it is not applicable to studying a nations economy.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Scientific methodMSC:Interpretive6.For economists, conducting experiments is often difficult and sometimes impossible.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional7.Economists usually have to make do with whatever data the world happens to give them.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional8.It is difficult for economists to make observations and develop theories, but it is easy for economists to run experiments to generate data to test their theories.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Interpretive9.Since economists cannot use natural experiments offered by history, they must use carefully constructed laboratory experiments instead.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Interpretive10.Historical episodes are not valuable to economists.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Interpretive11.Historical episodes allow economists to illustrate and evaluate economic theories of the present.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional12.Good assumptions simplify a problem without substantially affecting the answer.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:AssumptionsMSC:Interpretive13.Assumptions can simplify the complex world and make it easier to understand.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:AssumptionsMSC:Definitional14.Economists often find it worthwhile to make assumptions that do not necessarily describe the real world.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Interpretive15.Economists use one standard set of assumptions to answer all economic questions.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Interpretive16.Economic models are most often composed of diagrams and equations.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Economic modelsMSC:Definitional17.Economic models omit many details to allow us to see what is truly important.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Economic modelsMSC:Definitional18.Economic models can help us understand reality only when they include all details of the economy.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Economic modelsMSC:Interpretive19.An economic model can accurately explain how the economy is organized because it is designed to include, to the extent possible, all features of the real world.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Economic modelsMSC:Interpretive20.All scientific models, including economic models, simplify reality in order to improve our understanding of it.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Economic modelsMSC:Definitional21.The circular-flow diagram explains, in general terms, how the economy is organized and how participants in the economy interact with one another.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive22.A circular-flow diagram is a visual model of the economy.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Definitional23.In the circular-flow diagram, households and firms are the decision makers.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive24.In the circular-flow diagram, firms produce goods and services using the factors of production.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagram | Factors of productionMSC:Interpretive25.In the circular-flow diagram, factors of production are the goods and services produced by firms.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagram | Factors of productionMSC:Interpretive26.In the circular-flow diagram, factors of production include land, labor, and capital.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagram | Factors of productionMSC:Interpretive27.In the circular-flow diagram, firms own the factors of production and use them to produce goods and services.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagram | Factors of productionMSC:Interpretive28.In the circular-flow diagram, firms consume all the goods and services that they produce.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive29.In the circular-flow diagram, the two types of markets in which households and firms interact are the markets for goods and services and the markets for factors of production.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Definitional30.In the markets for goods and services in the circular-flow diagram, households are buyers and firms are sellers.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Definitional31.In the markets for the factors of production in the circular-flow diagram, households are buyers and firms are sellers.ANS:FDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Definitional32.In the circular-flow diagram, one loop represents the flow of goods, services, and factors of production, and the other loop represents the corresponding flow of dollars.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive33.In the circular-flow diagram, one loop represents the flow of goods and services, and the other loop represents the flow of factors of production.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive34.In the circular-flow diagram, payments for labor, land, and capital flow from firms to households through the markets for the factors of production.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Circular-flow diagramMSC:Interpretive35.The production possibilities frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of outputs that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:DefinitionalFigure 2-1436.Refer to Figure 2-14. If this economy uses all its resources in the dishwasher industry, it produces 35 dishwashers and no doghouses.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative37.Refer to Figure 2-14. It is possible for this economy to produce 75 doghouses.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative38.Refer to Figure 2-14. It is possible for this economy to produce 30 doghouses and 20 dishwashers.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative39.Refer to Figure 2-14. It is possible for this economy to produce 45 doghouses and 30 dishwashers.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative40.Refer to Figure 2-14. Given the technology available for manufacturing doghouses and dishwashers, this economy does not have enough of the factors of production to support the level of output represented by point C.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative41.Refer to Figure 2-14. Points A, B, and D represent feasible outcomes for this economy.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative42.Refer to Figure 2-14. Points B and C represent infeasible outcomes for this economy.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Applicative43.Refer to Figure 2-14. Points A, B, and D represent efficient outcomes for this economy.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | EfficiencyMSC:Applicative44.Refer to Figure 2-14. Point B represents an inefficient outcome for this economy.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | EfficiencyMSC:Applicative45.Refer to Figure 2-14. Unemployment could cause this economy to produce at point B.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | UnemploymentMSC:Applicative46.Refer to Figure 2-14. The opportunity cost of moving from point A to point D is 10 dishwashers.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Applicative47.Refer to Figure 2-14. The opportunity cost of moving from point B to point D is 15 doghouses.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Applicative48.Refer to Figure 2-14. The opportunity cost of moving from point B to point A is zero.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Applicative49.Refer to Figure 2-14. The opportunity cost of an additional doghouse increases as more doghouses are produced.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Applicative50.With the resources it has, an economy can produce at any point on or outside the production possibilities frontier, but it cannot produce at points inside the frontier.ANS:FDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Definitional51.Points inside the production possibilities frontier represent feasible levels of production.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Interpretive52.Points outside the production possibilities frontier represent infeasible levels of production.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Interpretive53.An outcome is said to be efficient if an economy is getting all it can from the scarce resources it has available.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Efficiency and equalityTOP:EfficiencyMSC:Definitional54.An outcome is said to be efficient if an economy is conserving the largest possible quantity of its scarce resources while still meeting the basic needs of society.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Efficiency and equalityTOP:EfficiencyMSC:Interpretive55.A production point is said to be efficient if there is no way for the economy to produce more of one good without producing less of another.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Efficiency and equalityTOP:EfficiencyMSC:Interpretive56.If an economy can produce more of one good without giving up any of another good, then the economys current production point is inefficient.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Efficiency and equalityTOP:EfficiencyMSC:Interpretive57.Points on the production possibilities frontier represent efficient levels of production.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | EfficiencyMSC:Definitional58.Points inside the production possibilities frontier represent inefficient levels of production.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | EfficiencyMSC:Interpretive59.Unemployment causes production levels to be inefficient.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Efficiency and equalityTOP:EfficiencyMSC:Interpretive60.The opportunity cost of something is what you give up to get it.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP:Opportunity costMSC:Definitional61.The production possibilities frontier shows the opportunity cost of one good as measured in terms of the other good.ANS:TDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Definitional62.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other is constant.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive63.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other depends on how much of each good is being produced.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive64.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good increases as more of the second good is produced.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive65.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the second good in terms of the first good increases as more of the second good is produced.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive66.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the second good in terms of the first good is higher when the economy is producing much of the second good and little of the first good than it is when the economy is producing little of the second good and much of the first good.ANS:TDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive67.When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good is higher when the economy is producing much of the second good and little of the first good than it is when the economy is producing little of the second good and much of the first good.ANS:FDIF:2REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive68.Economists believe that production possibilities frontiers rarely have a bowed shape.ANS:FDIF:1REF:2-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Economists | Production possibilities frontierMSC:Definitional69.A production p