北师大版Module 4 unit 12 全面义.doc

Module 4Unit 12Culture Shock重点词组：重点短语1owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 2get used to 习惯于3in exchange of 交换 4give sb. a lift 给搭车，搭便车5be familiar with 熟悉 6belong to 属于7at least 至少 8as a result 结果9stare at 盯着看 10insist on 坚持11sound like 听起来像 12bring an end to 结束13be proud of 以为荣，以为自豪 14pay for 为付款15first of all 首先 16talking of 谈到，提到17keep on 继续 18see.off 为送行19contrary to 与相反 20loads of 许多，大量1throw vt.投，掷，抛；投射(阴影)；投入【精讲拓展】throw away浪费；坐失(良机)throw off匆匆脱掉；摆脱掉throw oneself into投身于，积极从事throw doubt on使人对产生怀疑throw light on/upon使某事显得非常清楚，使人明白【典型例句】He threw himself into his work heart and soul.他全身心地投入到工作中。The scientist throws doubt on the result.那位科学家对结果产生怀疑。It was so hot that I threw off my blanket.天太热，我掀掉了毯子。 美国传统My father threw away a chance to make a fortune.我父亲错过了发财的机会。 即学即用翻译句子他错过了一个绝好的机会。_ He threw away an excellent chance.2owe vi.&vt.欠(债)；感激；感恩；把归功于(to)；由于 【精讲拓展】owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物owe sth.to把归功于，受到的恩惠owe it to oneself to do认为自己有必要做，认为自己有责任做owing to 因为，由于 because of/thanks to/due to/on account of 【典型例句】I owe you for your help.由于你的帮助，我还得谢谢你。 She owes her good health to exercise.她把自己的健康归因于锻炼身体。 We couldnt get there in time owing to an accident.由于发生了事故，我们没能及时赶到那里。 I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family.我很感激我的全家人。即学即用_do we owe the discovery of the oil field?AWhat BWho CTo whom DFor what 3apologize vi.道歉，认错【精讲拓展】apologize to sb.for sth./doing sth.因某事向某人道歉make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉offer/demand an apology主动/要求道歉【典型例句】Please accept our sincere apologies.请接受我们真诚的道歉。I apologize for being so angry with you.对和你生气这件事，我向你道歉。I demand a public apology from you.我要求你公开道歉。Did he apologize to you for being late？他为迟到的事向你道歉了吗？ 即学即用You must apologize_your teacher_what you have done.A/；for Bfor；to Cto；/ Dto；for4afford vt.买得起；有能力支付(常与can，could，be able to连用)【精讲拓展】afford sth.买得起，负担得起afford to do担负得起(损失，费用，后果)；足以afford sb.sth.afford sth.to sb.给予某人某物afford sth.提供(一般只用于抽象事物)【典型例句】If we save our money，we can afford a new TV set. 如果我们存钱，就能买一台新电视机。 Music affords her pleasure.音乐给她带来快乐。 This window affords a view of the mountains.从这扇窗户能看到群山。 Can you afford the time？你能抽出时间么？ 即学即用翻译句子那些日子里他们请不起医生。(afford)_ In those days they couldnt afford a doctor. 5absorb vt.吸收；理解；掌握；承受；使专心【精讲拓展】absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in专心致志于be absorbed by被吞并；为所吸收【典型例句】A paper towel absorbed the water.纸巾吸干了水。美国传统My job after school absorbs all of my time.我的课余工作占据了我的全部时间。 I havent absorbed what he said.我还没弄懂他说的一切。即学即用Everyone was_in the game and no one noticed my coming.Adevoted Babsorbing Cabsorbed Ddevoting6.exchange vt.交换，更换，兑换 n交换；外汇；交易所【精讲拓展】exchange information/ideas 交流信息/想法exchange.for.以换exchange sth.with sb.和某人交换某物in exchange for作为交换，对的交换make an exchange 交换exchange words 争吵；吵架have an exchange of views意为“交换观点”【典型例句】Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？我在哪儿可以把美元兑换成英镑？ I exchanged the tie for a belt at the store.我在商店里把领带换成皮带。 What will you give me in exchange？你给我什么作为交换呢？ 即学即用翻译句子用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？_ Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 7request vt.&n.要求；请求【精讲拓展】request sth.要求某事request to do sth.要求做request sb.to do sth.要求某人干事request that从句从句的动词用(should)动词原形at sb.s request应某人的要求/请求in request 为人们所需要，受欢迎【典型例句】Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。 We requested that the next meeting be held on a Friday.我们要求下次会议星期五举行。 He was transferred to another department at his own request.应本人的要求他被调到别的部门去了。 These white socks have been much in request lately.这种白色短袜近来很行销。 即学即用They made a request that the prisoners_set free.Abe Bshould Cwould be Dwill be8remind vt.提醒；使记起，使想起【精讲拓展】remind sb./sth.使想起，使记起remind sb.sth.提醒某人某事remind sb.of sth./doing sth.使某人想起/记起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人干某事remind sb.that.提醒某人【典型例句】What he had said reminded me of my hometown.他的话使我想起我的家乡。 I rang Jill and reminded her(that)the conference had been cancelled.我给吉尔打电话提醒她会议已经取消了。 Let me remind you what we are looking for.让我提醒你我们要找什么。 Please remind me to post this letter.请提醒我寄这封信。即学即用翻译句子那些照片使我想起了我的学校岁月。_ The pictures remind me of my school days.9.attach vt.系，贴；连接；使附属；重视【精讲拓展】attach.to.把固定在，把附在attach oneself to.使成为一部分，使在一起，使依附attach to与有关联，附属，附加be attached to依恋，爱慕，附属于【典型例句】All blame must attach to myself.一切责任应由本人承担。Being on his own，he attached himself to a noisy group at the bar.因为就一个人，他跟酒吧里一群闹哄哄的人搭上了话。I attached a wire to the radio.我在收音机上接了一根电线。The children are very attached to their grandparents.孩子们非常依恋他们的祖父母。 即学即用翻译句子他十分喜爱他的女儿。(attach)_ He is very attached to his daughter.10majority n. 大半，大多数the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn. U单数谓语the majority ofn. pl.复数谓语be in the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数赢得The majority were present at the meeting. 大多数人出席了会议。The majority of the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。He was elected by a large majority of 765. 他以765票的多数票当选。即学即练What is boys favorite sport? _ of boys like playing football.ANone BThe most CThe majority DEvery11indicate vt. 指示；表明；暗示indication n. 指示；象征；预示indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物indicate that. 示意；表明indication of doing sth. 的迹象indication as to sth. 的迹象Research indicates that men are easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。A high fever usually indicates severe illness. 高烧通常表明生了重病。Snow indicates the coming of winter. 雪象征着冬天的来到。12manners n礼貌；风俗 manner n方式；举止；方法well (ill)mannered 有(没有)礼貌的 have no manners 没有礼貌Mind your manners! 注意礼貌 It is good (bad) manners to do sth.It is polite (impolite) to do sth. 做是有(没有)礼貌的。in a.mannerin a .way 以方式/方法/态度Manners are important to happy relations among people.礼貌对于人们之间的关系融洽很重要。Mind your table manners at the dinner party. 在宴会上要注意餐桌上的礼貌。It is bad manners to leave without saying goodbye. 不辞而别很没礼貌。I like food cooked in a Chinese manner. 我喜欢中式饭菜。I dont like his manner of speaking. 我不喜欢他的说话方式。即学即练It is bad_ to talk with your finger_ at the other person.Amanners; points Bmanner; to point Cmanners; pointing Dmanner; pointed13custom n. 习俗，风俗(pl.) 海关 customer n. 顾客比较custom 指国家、民族或群体的社会风俗和习惯。habit 指个人(或动物)形成的，不易改变的个体习惯。hobby指个人的喜好、爱好。Most countries in the world have different customs. 世界上大多数国家有着不同的风俗习惯。The Spring Festival is a custom in East Asia. 春节是东亚的一个风俗。He formed a habit of getting up early. 他养成早起的习惯。即学即练The normal _ in this company is to send the bill as soon as the job is done.ApracticeBcustomChabitDtradition14conduct vt.进行，实施；引导；指挥；传导 n行为，品行conduct ( do/make/perform/carry out) an experiment做实验conduct sb. around (show sb. around)带领某人参观conduct sb. in/out/to the door 领某人进来/出来/到门口conduct oneself (behave oneself)表现；举止conduct state affairs 处理国事conduct electricity 导电conduct a concert 指挥音乐会a man of good conduct 品行端正的人the rules of conduct 行为准则 A guide conducted the visitors around the museum. 导游带领游客参观博物馆。 Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.铜的导电性能比其他材料好。 The concert on Wednesday evening will be_conducted by a worldfamous conductor.星期三晚上的音乐会将由一位世界著名指挥家指挥。 I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door/conduct him out.我让服务员领他到门口/领他出去。How did the prisoner conduct_himself? 那犯人表现如何？15injure vt. 伤害，损害 injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的辨析：injure/wound/hurt/harminjure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。Two people have been badly injured in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。The robber wounded him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。These criticisms have hurt his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。即学即练His leg _ in the race and _.Awas hurt; is injuring Bwas injured; is hurting Cwas wounded; is injuring Dwas injuring; is hurting1set out开始，动身，出发；着手set about着手，(开始)做set sb. an example为某人树立榜样set foot in/on登上；涉足；访问set off出发，动身；引起set.free释放be set in(故事)发生在；以为背景set sail启航set in(雨等恶劣天气)到来，开始set aside储蓄；把放在一边【典型例句】They set out to work as soon as they arrived.他们一到达就开始工作。 This rain looks as if it has set in for the rest of the day.看来今天雨不会停。 Theyve just set off on a roundtheworld cruise.他们刚刚出发去作一次环球巡游。 Lets set aside our personal feelings.让我们抛开个人情绪。即学即用用适当的词完成句子 He set _washing his car.Ill set_to prepare supper.We all set _/_for New York next Tuesday.Do be careful with these fireworks，the slightest spark could set them_.The novel is set_ the 17th century Spain.2turn out结果是，后来是，被证明是turn about转过身来turn aside闪开，让开；偏离turn away转过脸去；驱逐；拒绝turn back阻止，阻挡turn down拒绝turn in上缴，归还turn off关；解雇turn over翻阅；移交 turn to求助；翻到(页)，着手，致力于turn up出席；发生【典型例句】The day turned out (to be)fine.结果那天是晴天。 When they show an operation on TV，I have to turn away. 电视上播手术过程时，我只能转脸不看。 Something unexpected has turned up.发生了没有料到的事。She has turned the article into English.她已把这篇文章译成英语。 Please turn your old parking permits in at the end of the week. 请于本周末交回旧的停车证。 即学即用完成句子All of a sudden he turned_and saw me.He turned_pretending not to see me.The wheel of history cannot be turned_.I have to turn_your offer.He turned_a page or two，but was not interested.It is.who/that【精讲拓展】强调句型是对句中某一成分(主语、宾语、状语)加以强调，如果被强调的成分是人，则用who/that；如果被强调的部分是其它成分时，只用that。I met John in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇见了约翰。(1)强调主语It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见约翰。(2)强调宾语It was John that I met in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇见的是约翰。(3)强调地点状语It was in the street that I met John yesterday.是在街上昨天我遇见了约翰。(4)强调时间状语It was yesterday that I met John in the street.是昨天我在街上遇见了约翰。强调句型的注意点：(1)被强调的代词格应与原句的格相一致It is him that I want to see.(强调see后的宾语)(2)被强调部分若是主语，who/that后的谓语动词须在人称和数上 与主语相一致。It is I whom am to blame.这全怪我。(3)It还可指时间、天气、环境等。It was three oclock when I came back.当我回来的时候已是三点了。但：It was at three oclock that I came back.(强调句型)是在三点钟我回来的。(4)强调“直到才”It is/was not until.thatIt was not until the dinner was ready that he came back.晚饭做好了他才回来。1He_poor all his life.Awent on Bcontinued Cinsisted Dremained2The experiment_to be_.Aturned out；great success Bturned out；a great successCturned into；greatly successful Dturned up；great success3Where was it_the road accident happened yesterday?Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dhow4Science and technology have_in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.Aattached Bassisted Ccontributed Dwitnessed5Do you know you_an apology to me？You should do that immediately.Oh，sorry.Agave Bmade Cowe Down6Can Li Hua help me with my English?I regret to tell you her English is_yours.Aas good as Bno more than Cmore better than Dno better than7I_everyone make full use of time.Awish Bhope Cwant Dsuggest8What should I wear to attend his birthday party? Dress_you like.Awhat Bhowever Cwhatever Dhow9It seems_the trouble lies.Athat Bhere Cwhere Dthere10Are you satisfied with his answer?Not at all.It couldnt have been_.Athe worst Bbetter Cworse Dso bad11He sold his car_$2,000.Aby Bwith Cfor Din【例1】 Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?_it doesnt rain.AUntil BWhile COnce DIfso dont be surprised if you hear larghter when you dont think anythings funny. (P36)【例2】 You have failed two tests.Youd better start working harder，_you wont pass the course.Aand Bso Cbut Dor教材原文对照 Or we could take our flashlights and explore that cave. (P38)【例3】 Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?_，I do.I think its a great idea. (2009安徽，24)AReally BObviously CActually DGenerally教材原文对照Hi.Well,I live on an acre of hand outside Melbourne but my family actually came here from Greece in the 1980s-in fact,Melbourne is the city with the largest number of Greek people outside Athens! 非谓语动词第一节 真题精析1._ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 【05北京春考】A.To face B. Having faced C.Faced D. Facing2. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.【04全国】 A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked3.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. 【04全国】A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard4. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. 【04全国】A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.【04全国】A. questioning B. having questioned C.questioned D. to be questioned6. Alice returned from the managers office,_ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 【04全国】A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling7. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 【04江苏】 A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.【04浙江卷】 A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known9. You were silly not _ you car. 【04湖南卷】 A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked10. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 【04广东卷】A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed11. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. 【04广东卷】A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget12The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only_ the film stars had left. 【04福建卷】Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold13Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_ the exam. 【04福建卷】Apass Bto pass Cpassed Dpassing14I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard【04辽宁卷】15 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted【04辽宁卷】16. Dont leave the water while you brush your teeth. 【04天津卷】A. run B. running C. being run D. to run17. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. 【04重庆卷】A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry18. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _ TV. 【04上海卷】A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch