Hope与wish.doc

Hope的用法：1. 从说话语气上看，hope 用于表示可能实现的事情，后接从句时，用陈述语气。如：I hope I shall see him again. 我希望再见他一次。I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。2. 从含义上看，hope 多用于指对好事的盼望、预想;对坏事的预想则多用“Im afraid.”。如：I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。Im afraid it will rain again. 恐怕还要下雨。3. 从时间上看，hope 所希望的一般指将来或现在的事情，不用于指过去的事情。如：I hope he will come. 我希望他会来。4. 从句型上看，hope 可用hope to do sth句型，而不能用hope sb to do sth句型。如：I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那场足球赛。而不说：I hope you to go. 最后，当你要表示“希望如此。”时，就说“I hope so.”其否定形式用“I hope not.”。hope 一般不用于进行时。5. hope后面还可以接that 从句，意为“希望；能就好了”。如：She hopes that I will pass the exam. 她希望我能通过考试。与hope有关的几个词组：in the hope of sth 怀着的希望live in hope(s) of 满怀希望hope for the best 希望获得最好的结果hope和wish的用法两词都表示希望，但在用法上有相同和不同之处，不能随意互换。一、相同之处1.都可接不定式作宾语。We wish to see the film. The children hope to do something for the old man. 2.都能以某些代词作宾语。Thats what you have wished. You cant hope much from such people. 3.都能与介词for连用，后接名词或某些不定代词，表示希望得到祈求。Do you hope for peace? Do you wish for anything better? 4.都可与过去过完成时连用，表示本来想做而没做成。I had hoped to come here, but I couldnt. He had wished to finish it on time, but he didnt. 5.都用于It is / was to bethat的句型中。It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English. It is to be wished that the problem will soon be solved. 二、不同之处1. wish作为及物动词，可接名词或代词作宾语，hope则不能。Do you wish a pen or a book? 2. wish能接双宾语表示祝愿，hope则不能。I wish you success. 3. wish能接复合宾语，hope则不能。I wish you to go with me. 4. wish和hope都能接that引导的从句，但wish后的从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气（动词用过去时，或过去完成时），hope则用所需要的时态。I hope that he will win the game. I wish that I knew the answer. I wish I had bought it yesterday. 5. hope可与so或not连用，分别代替一个具有肯定和否定意义的宾语从句，以免重复，wish则不能。-Will it be fine tomorrow? -I hope so. -Will it rain tomorrow? -I hope not. 三、wish, hope都可作名词，可数或不可数均可，wish表示愿望心愿祝愿，hope表示希望。1. My wish is to become a doctor. 2. It is said that they have realized their wishes. 3. I have no (not much) wish to see him. 4. Send him my best wishes. 5. Where there is life there is hope. 6. There is a hope of success. 7. He has some hope (s) of success. Wish的用法：1） wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：主句+从句从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为were） 现在时 过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望 现在时 would/could +动词原形例如：I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do.例如：I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。 Wish的用法wish 不是中文的“希望”。wish 常被错用为“hope”，而wish 的英文文法最难搞（对学外语者来说。）。我在这里尽量以浅白的口语方式去举几个例子。文法细节说多反而会把初学者给吓跑。只要暂时记住以下几点。wish 有两个意思。“期望”和“祝福”。一个是负面，另一个是正面。正面的“祝福”用於生日和过年过节的“祝福”，祝人好运等。大多数都用在“负面的期望”；一个无法实现的“期望”。所以如果你希望再见某人时。应说成I hope to see you again 。不该说I wish to see you again 。初学者暂时记住除了过年过节外，平时想说“希望”就用英文的“hope”。英文的“wish”相当於中文口语的“如果什么什么就好了”。是一种“无法实现的期望”。I wish I had the money “我如果有钱就好了。”I wish I were you 。“我如果是你就好了”。I wish you were there 。“如果你在场就好了。”I wish I knew 。“如果我知道就好了。”为了方便初学者记。既然是“不可实现”的期望，过了就算了。所以在wish 后面跟着的动词是“过去式”而不用“现在式”（这里是为了方便大家记，我自己说的。正式的文法不是这么讲。）。既然是不可实现的期望。正确的说法是I was ，大家把was 改写成were （这里的解式是方便大家记我自己说的。以后大家基础打好后慢慢去细查wish 的文法规则。）。说了这么多，希望初学者只要记住，暂时除了过年过节外，平时就用hope 。大家很明显看到wish 一般都用在负面上，连它的形容词wishful 也是负面。wishful think