产业转型的内部知识转移【外文翻译】【整理版】.doc

本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Industralmic transformation of inter knowledge transfer 出 处：Post-Communist Economics，Vol. 19，NO. 3，September 2007 作 者：HE CANFEI & ZHU SHENG JUN Abstract: In order to explore the industrial transformation of internal knowledge transfer in an effective way to study the industrial transformation of internal knowledge transfer. On this basis. Construction of the industrial transformation of internal knowledge transfer model. Research shows that industrial restructuring enterprises through the media industry to identify and tap the existing knowledge. Learning using technology to achieve the transfer of explicit knowledge, through the establishment of an effective incentive system to achieve pseudo-tacit knowledge transfer, and personnel transfer is to achieve real effective way of transferring tacit knowledge.Key words: Industrial restructuring Knowledge Transfer Explicit knowledge Tacit KnowledgeThe world economy is in a rapid development of technology and industry period, Chinas per capita GDP reached 3,000 U.S. dollars.Is in the middle of the second half of industrialization, which is a rapid change in industrial structure and stage of development.In the context of global economic integration.The development of Chinas economic development is faced with a historic transformation and restructuring changes.The rapid evolution of the external environment for enterprise development poses a great challenge, it also brings a rare opportunity to pursue sustainable growth of enterprises must remain sensitive to their own living environment.When the original industry has been difficult to provide sufficient room for growth, the timely industrial transformation has become a wise choice.Prahalad and Hame think.As global competition, industry structure and technological discontinuities and other factors change.Enterprises are faced with the inevitable industry restructuring.Industrial restructuring and reengineering in the process of technological capability.Enterprise in the original use of more or less the accumulation of industry knowledge and the technological capabilities that span the smaller industries in the industrial transformation has been particularly evident.Success of the enterprise depends on its ability to learn from past experience and constantly improve and refine accordingly.Millers empirical research shows that enterprises in entering new industries, new industries into the industry and technology between the existing correlation between the performance and transformation into a positive correlation.Gema that when companies enter the downstream industry.The original core technologies will help enterprises to build new industries in the core competencies.Therefore, in the industrial restructuring process, the mining industry, the accumulation and reuse of existing knowledge, technological capabilities help to reduce the cost of recycling and the industrial transformation of the risk.I. Related Studies60 in the early 20th century, Polanyi first proposed the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge of the concept of tacit knowledge that comes from the individuals judgments and perceptions of the outside world, and further stated that we know better than we can say its more; on this basis, Nonaka further deepen the explicit knowledge and words, through written records, digital scan description, technical documents, manuals and reports, clearly expressed and exchange of knowledge, while tacit knowledge is highly personal, difficult to standardizeand clarity of knowledge.Mainly for the craft, the body of thinking, patterns, beliefs and opinions, usually rooted in the specific context of action and personal understanding of them.Explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge about the relationship, most scholars believe that the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge are not mutually exclusive concepts, but any knowledge includes explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge of the ingredients.For example, Nonaka proposed addition of a community of a comprehensive knowledge of one of the spiral model in that new knowledge is tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge through the interaction of the: Alavi and Leidner that tacit knowledge and explicitknowledge are not mutually exclusive: Spender pointed out that the tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge of the dividing line is the mutual penetration.Based on this study shows that tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge of the boundary, Platts of knowledge into explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge can be specified and true tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge may be specified which is able to identifyand can be explicit, but tacit knowledge is not true is specified, the knowledge the owner has failed to realize that part of knowledge; Edwards of knowledge into explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge can be explicit and not dominantof the tacit knowledge.Knowledge transfer is the basis for enterprises to obtain competitive advantage, therefore, how to achieve the transfer of existing industry knowledge is the ability of industrial transformation and technological difficulties and focus on recycling.Knowledge transfer is the process of interaction between the body of knowledge, its framework: the transfer of the main body, mood shift, transfer the contents and transfer media four parts.In the process of knowledge transfer.Knowledge transfer between the parties have enough common experience, experience, practice, is to achieve effective transfer of knowledge between the parties the necessary conditions.So.This body of knowledge in different knowledge flows between the need to improve the knowledge transfer of knowledge overlap efficiency, Cummingst that the overlap between the knowledge sources and recipients of knowledge, a direct impact on the similarity of the efficiency of knowledge transfer; and, for the recipientfor new knowledge in the evaluation and assimilation process, and knowledge of the source there are similar experience and knowledge essential to the industrial transformation of enterprises, the existing industry knowledge and new knowledge into the industry, there is a strong correlation between, sointernal knowledge transfer is feasible and necessary.In summary, domestic and foreign scholars in this field has made a series of important research results for the study of industrial transformation and knowledge transfer within the enterprise provides a theoretical basis and method of instruction.But need to point out that the study is still in a context of established industries, if the enterprises to implement industrial transformation, which changes the industry background, relevant research areas for further expansion.Industrial restructuring is a process full of risks and challenges, the industry turnover rise and fall of countless times not successful transition out of the business, and even the industry leader.However, if the study the history of the development of domestic and foreign enterprises, can be found, there have successfully implemented a number of enterprises industrial transformation, transformation of internal knowledge transfer provides a unique type of samples.If we take this as a starting point, its internal knowledge transfer process in-depth study will help to explore the industrial transformation and technological capability effective way of recycling.II. Industrial transformation of internal knowledge transfer mechanismsidentifying and mining the original through the media industryKnowledge in the knowledge transfer process, you first need to identify the transfer of knowledge, and inform the recipients through the transfer channels.Rooted nature of this knowledge can reflect the image of the original industry knowledge.This industrial transformation of the original company to use the media industry recognition provides the possibility of useful knowledge, the so-called new media into the industry and knowledge of the original common carrier between industries.Enterprisesontheindustrial transformation.Industries and between industries and the new knowledge into related degree, there are a lot of common knowledge.In the recognition process, due to explicit knowledge embedded in documents, equipment and other carriers, enterprises relatively easy to identify; identification of tacit knowledge is the key to knowledge.Stenmark that in the organizational environment, in the case is not explicit, tacit knowledge can be identified; in the identification of tacit knowledge, companies need to analyze the technical skills necessary knowledge and recycling industry can be used with the originalcommon knowledge, recognition mining and want to re-use of tacit knowledge, on this basis, determine which part of the knowledge of the existence of the carrier.Through the media to identify and dig out the accumulation of industry related products in the original design, manufacturing processes and other aspects of knowledge.But should be noted that, when the required knowledge and business knowledge within the knowledge base does not meet the exact match.This requires companies to innovate on the basis of existing knowledge.Therefore, in order to make full use of existing knowledge of business, enterprises need to take relevant measures to achieve the transfer of knowledge within the enterprise.Technological learning is the organization with internal and external favorable conditions, access to new technology behavior.Explicit knowledge is described as easy to quantify, industrial restructuring enterprises from academic knowledge, cell technology, products, systems and subsystems for technical learning and discard those that do not comply with the new technology industry development trend of the original knowledge, to achieve the dominant benefit of transformationknowledge transfer and reuse.Learning process in technology, business knowledge base through the recent transfer of explicit knowledge to achieve the internal transfer.Transfer for a team close to the long-term repetitive tasks from the knowledge gained, was very similar to other work in the team again, this time with the transfer of the recipient party has a similar working environment, the task is routine, knowledge is usuallydominant cases.Explicit knowledge will be useful to standardize the writing manual, in this integration process, the promotion of personal knowledge and fragmented knowledge of systematic knowledge within the enterprise to facilitate the diffusion and sharing.Amoi when entering the mobile phone industry, construction and working principle of mobile learning, and compiled in-house technical manual transmission, making the explicit knowledge stored in knowledge transfer to the phone industry.After the integration of explicit knowledge, through the corporate body of knowledge at all levels of learning, experience, and accumulation.Then the transition for a variety of tacit knowledge, the formation of the knowledge spiral, improve the technical capacity of industrial enterprises in transition.Learning through technology, enterprises have realized the reuse of explicit knowledge, but tacit knowledge is an important aspect of technical knowledge, its absorptive capacity determines the effectiveness of technological learning.At the same time, tacit knowledge is a long-term source of competitive advantage.Therefore, in order to achieve a smooth technical capacity for recycling.Industrial transformation and the need for full re-use existing business industry, tacit knowledge.Tacit knowledge is false knowledge and true between the explicit knowledge between tacit knowledge, mainly in the skills, know-how, experience, form, constitute the main body of tacit knowledge. Pseudo-existence of tacit knowledge has been able to, provide analysis from the knowledge, the staff out of the ownership, privileged position, dominant position and other considerations, often reluctant to share their knowledge with others, which caused some of the subjective tacit knowledge on Difficult dominance: In addition, some pseudo-subjective tacit knowledge is that staff are willing to hide in one of the tacit knowledge explicit, but more difficult to objectively explicit.For the transfer of tacit knowledge false, industrial restructuring enterprises need to take effective incentives.To motivate employees to share their own knowledge, companies should first recognized the originality of individual employees and proprietary tacit knowledge of, and correct assessment indicators.Staff will share their knowledge with others the quality and quantity into the examination system; on this basis.Encourage employees to share their own knowledge, and employees who participate in knowledge sharing, to give a certain status.Requirements by satisfying the interests of staff and inspire them to their own unique knowledge and enthusiasm to share with others, on this basis, through formal and informal exchanges, to achieve the subjective reasons for the pseudo-internal transfer of tacit knowledge.Through the establishment of incentive system, can enhance the trust between employees, due to objective reasons which contribute to the pseudo-tacit knowledge transfer.Andrews research also shows that when the knowledge transfer between the trust, people will be more willing to give each other useful knowledge.Tacit knowledge is hard to obtain from official sources, the transfer must be close contact between individuals, mutual consultations cited.When the original industry employees and new employees entering the industry to carry out formal and informal exchanges, to the help of language, posture, emotional expression of the combined effects of such activation in the original pseudo-business tacit knowledge accumulated andBy sorting, summarizing, compiled practices, management systems and operational guidelines and other documents in the form.Exchange and sharing within the organization, the part of the knowledge into explicit knowledge, on this basis, through technical study to achieve knowledge transfer.Amoi through informal exchanges within the organization so that it accumulated in the area in the VCD pseudo-knowledge externalization, the local concept of customer value and product innovation and the transfer well to mobile phones.Because knowledge is sticky, especially in terms of tacit knowledge of truth, mainly in inspiration, mental models, dominant logic, culture, common wish to exist in the form of staff, team or organization, and that this part of the knowledge can not be encoded and metrics,dominance slower and higher cost, it is difficult to achieve through the exchange of metastasis.The industrial transformation is a risky process.This requires companies to quickly complete the technical capacity of recycling.Internal transfer of personnel transfer is an effective way to achieve.The context of other than internal knowledge transfer, industrial restructuring is the internal transfer of knowledge from the exit into the industrial transfer to a new industry.In this particular context.Transfer of more staff the feasibility and necessity.Employees in different jobs moderate flow is conducive to understanding between employees and improve interpersonal communication networks.Reduce the cost of the receiver need to search for knowledge.Galbraiths research shows that people can achieve the transfer of tacit knowledge transfer to the new environment.Compared with other methods, the internal transfer of knowledge to achieve the most effective way.The needs of new industries based on knowledge, selected the true carrier of tacit knowledge transfer to the new industry environment, learning through technology into the industry in the new formation of new technical know-how, such as mental models, which is conducive to reconstruction of Enterprise Technologycapacity.Such as Amoi Electronics accumulated sales in the VCD industry knowledge, and the externalization of tacit knowledge that is difficult to apply to mobile phones, the successful implementation of industrial restructuring.III. model of internal knowledge transferIndustrial transformation of internal knowledge transfer is a dynamic process that requires knowledge of the recipient and source of knowledge and interaction between the multiple feedback.In this process, a total of between enterprises to enter the industry knowledge, through the media industry to identify and dig out the existing knowledge.Stored in the knowledge base, the effective in the prevention caused by employees leaving the organization of amnesia.To use this knowledge, business learning through technology, to achieve the transfer of explicit knowledge; for the pseudo-terms of tacit knowledge.Need an effective incentive system, and its dominance by informal communication; real transfer of tacit knowledge achieved through staff knowledge of the part of the new entrants into the industry in the re-use.By industry, mining and re-use existing knowledge and accelerate the process of industrial transformation of the enterprise.ConclusionsThe pursuit of sustainable growth for the industrial transformation of enterprises.Internal knowledge transfer process, including the knowledge to identify, explore and re-use.In this process, through the media and mining industries in the identification of useful knowledge: in this basis, through technical study, to achieve the transfer of explicit knowledge, and through the conversion of the tacit knowledge, the formation of the knowledge spiral, to achieve dominanceknowledge reuse; pseudo re-use of tacit knowledge to be an effective incentive system to encourage employees to share their own knowledge, and through formal and informal exchange of tacit kn