MTI样题及答案.doc

翻译硕士考试样题及参考答案翻译硕士考试英语翻译基础样题 I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30)1. APEC 2. ASEAN 3. CFO 4. CPI 5. EMS “Express Mail Service”)，邮政特快专递服务6. FBI 7. GPS 8. IPO全称Initial public offerings(首次公开募股)，9. NATO 10. International Monetary Fund 11. most favored nations 12. Intellectual Property Rights13. Certified Public Accountant注册会计师14. European Free Trade Association欧洲自由贸易联盟15. International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能总署16. 按揭贷款mortgage17. 保健食品health food18. 保税区 bonded area19. 不正之风unhealthy tendency20. 春运Spring Festival travel21. 第三产业tertiary /service sector22. 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system23. 国际惯例international common practice24. 货到付款cash on delivery25. 亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit26. 减员增效reduce staff for greater efficiency27. 联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises28. 留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary29. 特别提款权 special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs) ; paper gold30. 市场准入market access, market admittance II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120) Source Text 1: A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls: What if I make the wrong diagnosis? Im a terrible doctor. How did I get into medical school? An executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells himself: Im a loser. I cant provide for my family, and Ill never be able to do it again. If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may have a caustic commentary running in your head, too. Psychologists say many of their patients are plagued by a harsh Inner Criticincluding some extremely successful people who think its the secret to their success. An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill (literally and figuratively) and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention. But the desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear. Unrelenting self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression. Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorderthat is, preoccupation with ones perceived physical flaws. Many peoples Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is such a constant companion that its part of their personality. Psychologists say that children, particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the expectations of parents or peers or society. One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out. Other theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously shielding themselves against criticism from others: You cant tell me anything I dont already tell myself, even in harsher terms.Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of thought that have become painful. There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyerswho believed that if they didnt flog themselves, they wouldnt be successful. And part of psychologists work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them. (360 words)【Key words】depression 抑郁症 cognitive behavioral therapy 认知行为疗法Source Text 2: 农业是多哈谈判的核心。发达国家和发展中国家都面临压力，但富国和穷国的压力是不同的。在全球26亿农民中，发展中国家有25亿，而且大多数处在贫困状态。即使发展中国家有雄心、有诚意去推进贸易自由化，也不能不顾及几千万甚至几亿农民的基本生计。如果让那些已处于贫困线上的农民遭受更大的冲击，将引发灾难，届时发达国家也不得安宁。因此，应立即给予最不发达国家免关税、免配额的待遇，应该给予发展中国家“特殊产品”和“特殊保障机制”的待遇。在推动世界贸易自由化的过程中，关键是要照顾大多数，要让广大发展中成员能跟上前进的步伐。因此，要给予所有发展中成员特殊和差别待遇，并力争在香港会议期间就棉花等问题作为阶段性成果达成共识。让发展中成员“早期收获”，获得看得见、摸得着的好处，才能增强多数成员对多哈谈判的信心。 （344 words）【关键词】多哈谈判 the Doha Round negotiations 免配额quota-free英语翻译基础样题参考答案I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30)1. 亚太经贸合作组织2. 东南亚国家联盟3. 首席财务官4. 消费价格指数5. 邮政特快专递 6. 联邦调查局7. 全球定位系统 8. 首次公开募股9. 北大西洋公约组织10. 国际货币基金组织11. 最惠国 12. 知识产权13. 注册会计师 14. 欧洲自由贸易联盟15. 国际原子能机构16. mortgage loan17. health-care food 18. the bonded zone 19. bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency 20. (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival 21. tertiary industry; service sector22. a state with an adequate legal system 23. international common practice 24. cash on delivery 25. enterprises running in the red/under deficit 26. downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 27. conglomeration and merger of enterprises 28. retain the job but suspend the salary 29. special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs)30. market access II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English (120).英译汉：一位内科医生每次给新病人看病时脑子里就会响起一个刺耳的声音：我要是诊断错了该怎么办？我是个蹩脚的医生。当初我是怎么混进医学院的？一位高管失业了，虽然此前有过25年的辉煌职业生涯，他还是不断地告诉自己：我是个失败者。我没法赡养家人，以后也都不能够了。如果这些真实的事例对你来说非常地熟悉，那么你的头脑里可能也有那么一个严厉的声音在回荡。心理学家称，很多病人都备受苛刻的自我怀疑的折磨包括一些非常成功的人士，他们认为这正是自己成功的秘诀。自我怀疑的确能在清晨把你从床上唤起，敦促你快马加鞭地干活，尽快去完成手头那本书、那支曲子或是那项发明。不过对于成功的渴求也许会为严苛的评判及无休止的恐惧所阻挠。无休止的自我批评通常会带来焦虑，甚至会导致抑郁症。自我批评也会导致进食失调、身体机能紊乱，即总是想象自己的身体有缺陷。很多人在幼年时期便有了自我怀疑的倾向，之后这个声音便常伴他们左右，成了他们性格的一个部分。心理学家称，儿童，尤其是那些先天易患抑郁症的儿童，可能会内化并夸大父母、同辈或社会对自己的期望。有一个说法认为，自我批评其实就是冲自身发泄怒气，这类人内心充满了敌对情绪，但是太过忧虑、太没有安全感，不敢把这种情绪发泄出来。还有一些说法则认为，那些责备自己的人是在表达自己的负罪感或羞辱感，或者是下意识里保护自己免遭他人的责备：你不能再来责备我了，我自己已经责备过自己了，用的词比你还要严厉呢。各种认知行为疗法有助于改变给人带来痛苦的思维模式。经常有一些医生、律师类的病人，他们相信如果他们对自己没有那么苛刻，就不会有现在的成功。心理学家的部分工作内容就是打破那种成见，并告诉他们很多时候他们是因为突破自责获得了成功，而并不是因为自责而成功的。汉译英：Agriculture is the centerpiece of the Doha Round negotiations. Although both developed and developing countries are faced with pressures, the nature of their difficulties is very different. Of the 2.6 billion farming population in the world, 2.5 billion reside in the developing countries, and the majority of them are living below poverty lines. Even if some developing countries were willing to embark on the road of trade liberalization, they would have to take into account the basic livelihood of millions or even billions of their farmers. To expose those poor farmers to further external shocks could trigger disastrous consequences. Should such scenario occur, the lifestyle of the rich countries would be endangered, too. It is therefore sensible to offer duty-free, quota-free treatment to products from the least developed countries immediately. Developing countries should also be entitled to the concepts of “Special Products” and “Special Safeguard Mechanism”. In the process of promoting world trade liberalization, it is crucial to bear in mind the interests of the majority and to enable them to adapt to the pace of progress. Hence the necessity of providing special and differential treatment to all developing countries. It is advisable to reach consensus during the Hong Kong conference on issues like cotton and others, so that there could be some “Early Harvest” for developing countries. Such visible and tangible benefits could boost the confidence of most members in the ongoing Doha Round negotiations.翻译硕士英语样题参考答案I. Vocabulary and grammar (30)1-10 DABAC ACDDB 11-20 AABBD ACBBC II. Reading comprehension (40)Section 1 Multiple choice (20)1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. BSection 2 Answering questions (20)Key points1. located in Dartmoor Parkwith 54 sq km of hills covered by “Tors”an event starting from 1959young people walking over a distance of 55-mile trek in two daysin Spring (May) a kind of outdoor physical training2. environmentalismthreatening of some “internationally rare bird species”breeding seasonnesting seasondestroying eggsfrightening birdsdeclining of birds3. if moved to autumnchildren “on holiday” during the training periodmajority unwilling to change the timeif moved earlier: lambing seasonwinter: too harsh and cold4. Mike and Adamones liver “failing”, Mike donated half of his liverAdam survivedMike, the healthy brother, due to the “complication” developed in the operation, died after the successful transplant5. when there is a risk of donors dying from organ transplant between family members1 in 100 riskhigher or lowerShall such transplant operations be encouraged?different viewpointsheated argumentIII. Writing (30)Education as a Lifelong ProcessWhen we talk about education, we can easily think of schools, colleges and young people. As a matter of fact, education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process. Firstly, its the requirement of fast-developing society to receive education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in the 1970s or the 1980s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an accountant now must master the skills of accounting through computers, which is a basic tool for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer no matter how old he is. Secondly, education creates human character and moralities. Through education, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may learn new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can become stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure in education. Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone with the chance to receive education. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, adult colleges, training centers and even long-distance education through Internet and TV. In a word, knowledge is boundless, and life is limited. So education is a lifelong process.翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识样题第一部分 百科知识（50）请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点1. 这次股市波动在全球都有一定的关联影响，这说明全球化在逐步进展。过去中国认为自己的市场是一个相对比较小型的市场，也是一个正在建设中的、比较幼年的市场，或者说是在转轨经济中逐步发展的新兴市场。由于全球经济一体化的进展，股市波动相互之间关联密切，这也说明中国的市场还需要加速发展，我们要进一步提高直接融资的比重，进一步把资本市场建设得更好、更快、更加国际化。关于流动性过剩问题。流动性偏多是全球的现象，中国也存在流动性偏多的问题。美国财政赤字那么大，它那儿的流动性也很丰富，产油国资金也很丰富。因此，资金面上的宽松是全球一体化之下相互影响的现象。宏观调控当局都应该重视这个问题，做好自己的工作，对于过剩的流动性应该采取稳健的、适当收缩的政策。2. 端午原是个防病防灾的日子，却因大诗人屈原增添了纪念层面的意义，增添了爱国情怀和报国无门的悲情、齐心协力救助生命的悲壮；因了陶渊明酷爱重阳，因了他酷爱的菊的勾连，重阳节衍生了“颂陶”的文化意蕴，歌颂他“人淡如菊”的精神境界，“重阳无酒”也成了知识分子安贫乐道的形象写真。3. 1994年起，比尔盖茨开始了他的收藏爱好。作为拥有600亿美元财富的收藏者，盖茨想买什么就可以买什么，而他购买艺术品似乎也完全凭个人的兴趣，没有明确的学术或商业性目标。还有很多不知名的微软富翁也有收藏艺术品的爱好，这些微软人囊中的巨额财富和近乎疯狂的收藏行为对美国艺术市场产生巨大的推动作用，证明了微软公司在文化市场中有多重要。一个软件公司创造的巨额财富使大量重要艺术作品流向微软人手中，流向西雅图。4. 2009年3月的全国“两会”上，吴邦国提出，今年要着力加强社会领域立法，继续完善经济、政治、文化领域立法。社会领域的公平正义，变化并没有那么快，我们只需要翻找出过去的研究和报道，就可以看到今天的问题所在。例如，上文提到的新华社2006年那篇文章中，对社会领域立法促进公平正义列举了五个方面：一是保障公民权利，尊重和保障人权；二是发展社会事业，提高公共服务的能力和水平；三是健全社会保障，发展慈善事业；四是规范社会组织，使各类具有公益或互益性质的社会组织，纳入规范化、法制化管理的轨道；五是重视社会管理，包括加强公共安全、应对突发事件等。社会领域立法以促进公平正义，也许更加直接地体现了孟德斯鸠在法的精神中强调的重点：限权。也就是保障私权利，限制公权力。从新华社列举的五项内容可以看出，每前进一步的关键都是公私权界。显然，在这方面还有相当漫长的路要走。第二部分 应用文写作 （40）根据下面的文字说明写一篇450字左右的应用文，要求包含标题、正文、结尾语、落款等几个要素。中国进出口商会于月日至月日派人去，了解了汽车索赔案的谈判结果。根据中国办公室和对外经济贸易部司的指示，现要给其上级部门即中国办公室的答复报告关于汽车索赔案谈判结果的报告，要求介绍谈判过程及结果，并指出产生“索赔案”的原因等。请以中国进出口商会的名义起草一份兼具情况性和答复性的报告，注意要写标题、发文字号、主送机关正文、结尾语、落款等公文要素。第三部分 现代汉语写作（60）根据下面的文字要求写一篇现代文，题材不限（诗歌、戏剧除外）。生活当中，有许多事情当你亲临其境之后，往往思想受到启迪，身心感到愉悦。偶然忆起，就如品香茗，又如含青榄，清香久远，令人难忘请以“值得品味”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。北京外国语大学2009年翻译专业硕士(笔译)考试真题I. Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet. (50 points-25 points x 2)Passage 1In Defense of Translationby Howard Goldblatt (葛浩文)Hows this for an occupational testimonial: “There is no such thing as a good translator. The best translators make the worst mistakes. No matter how much I love them, all translators must be closely watched。”Who are these people everyone loves to hate, and, if theyre so bad, how do they get away with what theyre doing?Well, I confess: Im one of them. Im a translator。I am sometimes asked why I translate, since to many it seems a thankless vocation. Why, they ask, dont I write my own novels, since I have lived (they assume) an interesting life and must by now have an idea of what a novel should be? I can only say that not all translators are closet novelists, and that I do not consider translation to be a lesser art - one that ought to lead to something better. The short, and very personal, answer to the question is: Because I love it. I love to read Chinese; I love to write in English. I love the challenge, the ambiguity, and the uncertainty of the enterprise. I love the tension between creativity and fidelity, even the inevitable compromises. And, every once in a while, I find a work so exciting that Im possessed by the urge to put it into English. In other words, I translate to stay alive. The satisfaction of knowing Ive faithfully served two constituencies keeps me happily turning good, bad, and indifferent Chinese prose into readable, accessible, and - yes - even marketable English books. Tian na! (276 words)Passage 2 Downsizing in VogueIn recent years corporate downsizing has been on the rise throughout the world. Downsizing is reducing costs by dismissing employees and reassigning their duties to the employees who remain. They usually call it restructuring, rightsizing, reallocating resources, or job separation. They sometimes use dieting metaphors like trimming the fat, getting lean and mean, or shedding weight. Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the words mean to them: layoff. And no kinder, gentler words can do much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come with losing a job。In their quest to lower costs to stay