课文知识点+必修5.doc

课文知识点必修5UNIT 11.put forward 关于put的常用词组有：put away收起放好 *Put your books away when you finish them.put down放下；写下；镇压 *You should put down everything he said. *The rebellion was at last put down.put forward提出；拨快 *Are you serious in putting forward such a view.put forward a suggestion/plan/a new theory *Put the clock forward by five minutes.put off 推迟 *They put off the picnic because of the rain. *We had to put off the meeting till next Monday. *Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.put on 穿上；上演put out 扑灭 *Put the fire out.put up 举起；张贴；搭起；(留)过夜 *We put up for the night at a farmhouse. *Can you put us up for the night?put up with忍受2.draw a conclusionconcludeA.vt.得出结论 *What do you conclude from the facts? *The judge concluded that the prisoner was innocent.B.vt. vi.结束 *He concluded his speech. *The meeting concluded after 3 hours.conclusion n.结论draw/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论3.expert n.专家 adj.经过专门训练的 *He is an expert in engineering.=He is an engineering expert. *He is an expert engineer.4.attend Queen Victoria *attend a meeting/a conference/a lecture出席/参加attend a class/school上课/上学 *Two doctors attended the patient.(照料/看护)5.expose *Dont expose it to the sun.(暴露) *He exposed the crime in the newspaper.(揭露) *Dont expose the children to the infectious disease.(使受到危险) *They are exposed to the infectious disease. *the children (who are) exposed to the infectious disease(过去分词作定语)6.cure vt.治愈 n.治疗方法 *The medicine cured my fever. *The medicine cured me of my fever. *There is no certain cure for cancer. cure 和treat的区别 cure 表示“治愈”，treat只表示“治疗”7.people dies every time there was an outbreak此处every time作连词连接句子关于every time等作连词的用法如下：A.every time/each time每次*She demands sweets every time she sees me B.(the) last time上次*(The)last time I went to see him, he happened to be out. C.next time下次*Next time you come in, please knock at the door first. D.the first /second time第一/二次*The second time I went to see him, he happened to be out. =When I went to see him for the second time, he happened to be out. E.this/it is the first time(that) sb. have done*This is the first time I have been abroad. *This was the first time I had been abroad. F.for the first/second time作状语用，不能连句子*Last year I went abroad for the second time.I thought him kind and honest _ I met him.A.for the first time B.the first time C.every time D.the last time8.absorb *Ozone absorbs heat from the sun. *The clever boy absorbed all that the teacher taught himbe absorbed in被吸引住；专注于 *He was absorbed in a book. *He is completely absorbed in his work.9.suspect v.怀疑，猜测 n.嫌疑犯*We suspected that it was a trick to get our money. *I suspect him to be a liar. =I suspect that he is a liar. *The office boy is the suspected thief. *The suspect is being questioned by the police10.blameblame用作及物动词时,通常用于下面三个句型:A. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 *Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.*He blamed me for his failure.*We blamed him for being late.*He was blamed for being late.B.blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到到某人身上*He blamed his failure on me.*The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack. *Its no use blaming our defeat on him. C.be to blame (for)该(为)受责备。注意此处不能用被动语态。如:*The children were not to blame for the accident.*He is more to blame than you. *Who is to blame for starting the fire?*You are to blame for that.*He is the person who is to blame.*He is not the one to blame.*The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (NMET2002) A. who B. when C. how D. what*I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.(2002上海)A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame11.suggest Suggest作“建议”解时，其宾语从句的谓语用should+原形或原形；作“表明/暗示”解时则宾语从句的谓语不受限制。 *I suggest we have the meeting at once. *I suggest the meeting be held at once.*John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.*The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. *The look on his face suggested that he was disappointed.12.apart from 除.之外(分别等于except 和besides)*Apart from that, all goes well.*Apart from English, we have other subjects.13.positive adj.确定的;积极的;正的 *There is positive proof that he did it. *Im positive/sure that he did it.*What we need is positive thinking. *Positive suggestions will always be welcomed. *The positive sign is +. *The blood tests were positive.positive pole阳极，正极 positive的反义词是negative(否定的,消极的,负的)14.be strict with和be strict inbe strict with sb.be strict in sth. *His parents are strict with him. *He is strict in his work.15.make sense vi.说得通，有意义，有道理, 被理解 *Your whole account of the incidents doesnt make sense. *No matter how you read it, this sentence doesnt make (any) sense. make sense of vt.理解，懂 *Can you make sense of what he said?16.with the planets going round it这是with +宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式以及分词(ing和ed)等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：A.with + n./pron. + 形容词/副词 *He wore a shirt, with the neck open. *With the noise so loud outside, I cant sleep. *With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.B.with + n./pron. + 介词短语*He sat there with a smile on his face.*Its a village with mountains around it.*He came in with a ball under his arm.C.with + n./pron. + 不定式 *With so much work to do, he could not go *With so many problems to solve, the newly-elected president had a hard time.D.with + n./pron. + 现在分词*The street was quiet with no buses running.*With him leading the way, I had no trouble finding the station.*With so many people watching me, I felt nervous.*With the room being decorated, it smells terrible.*I cant go on holiday with my mother being ill.*With Christmas approaching, shops became crowded.*With time going by(As time went by), I realized my mistakes.E.with + n./pron. + 过去分词 *The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.*With so many problems solved, the newly-elected president felt relieved.*He slept with all the windows closed.*The boy left with his homework unfinished.17.contribute vt. vi. 捐献，捐赠；贡献；投稿*He contributed to the Red Cross.*He contributed $5 to the charity every payday.*He didnt contribute one idea to the discussion.*He contributed an article to the Daily Post.*He often contributes to the magazine.contribute to 经常作“有助于，导致”解*Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.*His carelessness contributed to the accident.*His singing will contribute greatly to the success of the party.*Bad eating habits contributed to his illness. make a contribution 做贡献Useful expressionsphysical characteristics 身体特征scientific research 科学研究infectious diseases 传染病solve the problem 解决问题be determined to do 决心做look into 调查soon afterwards 之后不久slow down 慢下来，减缓die of 死于make a suggestion 提建议make a plan 制定计划make a speech 发表演讲make a change 做出改变make a investigation 进行调查make a decision 做决定make a contribution 做贡献make a noise 发出响声make a description 进行描述make a face 做鬼脸make friends 交朋友make money 赚钱make dinner 做饭make sure 确保make the bed 铺床make room for 给让地方make ones way to 向走去make up ones mind 下决心lead to 导致UNIT 21.consist of和make upmake up(vt.)组成，构成consist of =be made up of由组成/构成 *Women make up 60 percent of the workers in this factory. *Different qualities make up a persons character. *Nine players make up a team. *Fifty students make up the class. 在上述句子中不能用consist of，只有当上述句子改为被动后才能换成consist of。 *60 percent of the workers in this factory are made up of women.=60 percent of the workers in this factory consist of women.*A persons character is made up of different qualities. =A persons character consists of different qualities.*A team is made up of nine players. =A team consists of nine players.*The class is made up of fifty students.=The class consists of fifty students. *How many countries does the UK consist of?=How many countries is the UK made up of?所以，consist of无被动态，也不能用进行时，而make up是及物的，它的被动形式是be made up of。在用分词做定语时，consist of用现在分词，be made up of用过去分词。 *a team consisting of nine players=a team made up of nine players2.divide *The children are dividing the cake.*Lets divide the class into four groups.*The class is divided into four groups. *Lets divide the work between/among us. divideinto把分成 divide sth. between/among sb.在某人中分某物separatefrom把和分开比较：*Please divide the apples into two parts.*Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.The apple was _ into two.We _the money equally.Oxygen can be _ from water.The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian.The two boys are fighting. Go and _ them.3.you find Wales included as well注意下列句中include正确形式的选用: *Many people were injured, including two children.= Many people were injured, two children included.*All of us laughed, including me.=All of us laughed, me included4.break away(from)A.突然挣脱或逃掉B.断绝往来，脱离，和决裂C.改掉(习惯), 破除(旧做法) *The criminal broke away from the policeman who was holding him. *He tried to break away from me. *The southern states wanted to break away from the union. *You should break away from these bad habits. break down坏掉，垮掉 *The engine broke down. *Our car broke down halfway *His health broken down.5.creditcredit card信用卡 *It takes 124 credits to graduate.(学分)to ones credit值得赞扬的是，对某人有利的是 *It is greatly to your credit that you have passed such a difficult examination.6.the four countries do work together助动词do/does/did除用来构成否定句和疑问句外，还可用于肯定句或祈使句表示强调，译作 “的确，确实，务必”.*He does speak fluent English.*He did attend the lecture that day.*Do be quiet.7.for convenience为方便起见 *I keep my dictionary near my desk for convenience. *The house has all modern conveniences. convenience food方便食品 convenience store便利店 convenient adj.方便的，便利的 *When would it be convenient for you to begin? *Come whenever it is convenient to you.切记:convenient 不能以人作主语，如不能说when you are convenient(当你方便的时候)，而必须说when it is convenient to you. *Will Monday be convenient for you? *Lets meet at a convenient place.8.rough adj. *The surface is not smooth; its rough.(粗糙) *Dont be so rough with him.(粗野) *Boxing is a rough sport. *The sea was rough.(波涛汹涌) *Its just a rough plan.(粗略的,大概的) roughly adv.粗略地，大致 *Ill tell you roughly what I think of it. *_ speaking, about 300 people attended the meeting. A. Generally B. Roughly C. Frankly9.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, .those 可代替前面出现的特指的复数名词,如果是特指的单数名词，则用that代替。*The book on the desk is more interesting than that under the desk. *The books on the desk are more interesting than those under the desk.*The population in Shanghai is larger than that in Hangzhou.*The students in their class is cleverer than those in our class.10.leave out遗漏，漏掉；删去 *You made a spelling mistake you left out the letter t. *Your name is not in the list. Youve been left out. *This sentence is useless, Leave it out. 有时可解释“放在外面” *Dont leave your bike out at night.11.quarrel vi. n.争吵quarrel with sb. about sth. *They are quarreling now. *They are quarreling about money. *He sometimes quarrels with his brother. *What was the cause of their quarrel?12.alike adj.(只用作表语)一个样子，模样相同*He and his brother are exactly alike. *The two buildings are alike in size and shape. *All music is alike to him. *The two twins are so alike that I cant tell which is which. adv.同样地，一视同仁地 *He treats everyone alike. *They are dressed alike.13.take the place of代替，接替 *Whos taking my place in my absence? *Plastics have taken the place of many materials. take place(vi.)举行，发生 *Great changes have taken place in my hometown. *The wedding will take place next Saturday.14.fold vt.折叠，合拢(双手、翅膀等) *He folded the paper and put it into his pocket. *The blanket was folded up and put in the box. *The paper must be folded in half. *The little child folded her hands in prayer. *A bird folds its wings.14.arrange A. arrange sth.安排 *I will arrange everything. *I have arranged a car for you. *The meeting was arranged for May 10. B. arrange( for sb.) to do sth.安排 *Martin arranged to meet him next week. *Ive arranged for a car to pick you up at the airport. C.整理 *Please arrange the books on the desk. arrangement n.15.available adj.找得到/买得到/可得到 *The doctor is not available now. *The new product is available everywhere. *There are no tickets available for Fridays concert.16.delight vt.使高兴 n.高兴，喜悦 *His performance delighted everyone. *His performance was delightful (delighting). *Everyone was delighted with his performance. *I have read your letter with delight.17.remain standing仍然站着remain可作系动词，可跟： *They remained good friends.(名词) *It remained a mystery how he died. *Most shops here remain open till midnight.(形容词) *The door remained closed.(过去分词) *The work remained unfinished. *They remained listening.(现在分词) *Whether it is good remains to be seen.(不定式被动)18.the man should have lived in London Should此处表示“竟然，居然” *It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. *It is strange that such near neighbors should not know one another. *I cant understand why he should have said this.Useful expressionsPrime Minister 首相for convenience 为方便起见be known as 作为而出名on the phone 在电话里on special occasions 在特殊场合in memory of 为纪念have a photo taken 拍照on show 在陈列中，在展出fall asleep 入睡UNIT 31.Below are some of the main aspects这是一句倒装句。表示地点的介词短语和副词在句首，句子常用倒装句。例: *Here/Below are some of the examples.*In front of the building is a big tree. *On the wall hangs a beautiful picture. *Before us lies a bright future. *Before them lay a great hope. *Beyond the hill stands an ancient temple.2.aspect n.方面 *We are considering the plan in all its aspects. *Its only one aspect of the problem.3.take up this prize接受这个奖 *When did you drop medicine and take up physics?(开始学习某门课程) *I wont take up much of your time.(占用时间) *The meeting took up the whole morning. *The table takes up too much room.(占用空间) *Do you intend to take up his offer of a job?(接受)4. previous adj.前一；以前的 *the previous year/month/day/morning,the previous page/lesson *His previous attitude towards it was wrong.5.guide vt.引导，指导；n.向导，导游;指南 *He guided me to the station. *He guided the lost tourist back to the hotel. *We set out with Tom acting as the guide. *You need a guide to show you around the city. *This is a guide to the Palace Museum.guidance 指导6.some green tablets which helped a lothelp和work一样,可作“有帮助,有用，有效果”解释 *This medicine doesnt work/help. *Your advice works well/helps a lot.7.tolerate vt.忍受 *I cant tolerate the loud noise. *How can you tolerate that rude fellow? 表示“忍受”的还有stand, bear, put up with.8.lack A.vt.*I dont seem to lack anything. *What you lack is confidence. *He doesnt lack money. B.n.(和of连用)*For lack of money, they cant afford the big house.*The plants died because of (a) lack of water.*A lack of food caused her to become weak.9.I felt better in no time. in no time立刻,马上 *Ill be back in no time. in no time不是否定词组，在句首时句子不能倒装，但at no time (在任何时候都不，绝不)是否定词组，在句首时句子要倒装。 *At no time should you give up hope. *At no time will I forgive him.10.press vt.按，挤；压 *Press the button to start the engine. *These two pieces of paper will stick if you press them togeth