史上最简单的Hibernate入门简介.doc

史上最简单的Hibernate入门简介 其实Hibernate本身是个独立的框架，它不需要任何web server或application server的支持。然而，大多数的Hibernate入门介绍都加入了很多非Hibernate的东西，比如: Tomcat, Eclipse, Log4J,Struts, XDoclet, 甚至JBoss。这容易让人产生Hibernate复杂难懂的误解，特别是打击了初学者的积极性。在这篇文章将不涉及Eclipse, log4j, Struts, Tomcat, XDoclet，和JBoss。本文的目的是演示一下Hibernate的安装过程以及最基本的功能，从而给初学者一个低得不能再低的入门门槛。下载文件你需要Java SDK、 Hibernate包、Ant包、和JDBC Driver。1、Hibernate包下载地址:/hibernate/?sort_by=date&sort=desc2、Ant包下载地址:/ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.6.1-bin.zip3、JDBC Driver要根据你用的database来定，一般database官方网站上都会有。Hibernate支持常用的database，比如 MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, 和MS-SQL Server。这些数据库都有JDBC Driver: Oracle JDBC Driver下载地址(下载前必须同意Oracle协议书)/software/htdocs/distlic.html?/software/tech/java/sqlj_jdbc/htdocs/jdbc9201.htmlMySQL JDBC Driver下载地址/downloads/connector/j/3.0.htmlPostgreSQL JDBC Driver下载地址/download.htmlMS-SQL Server JDBC Driver下载地址/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=9f1874b6-f8e1-4bd6-947c-0fc5bf05bf71&displaylang=en4、将Hibernate包和Ant包分别解压至c:dev下(此目录不重要，你可以换其它任何目录)。配置环境1、你需要添加一个新的环境变量: ANT_HOME，让它指向c:dev。并在PATH环境变量里添加%ANT_HOME%bin。2、你需要添加一个新的环境变量: JAVA_HOME，让它指向你的j2sdk根目录。并在PATH环境变量里添加%JAVA_HOME%bin。3、创建一个项目目录，比如c:workspaceMy1stHibernate。在项目目录下，另外创建三个目录: src, classes, lib。在lib目录下，创建两个目录: hibernate和db。这样你有了如下的文件结构:c:workspaceMy1stHibernatec:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcc:workspaceMy1stHibernateclassesc:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibc:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibhibernatec:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibdb4、将c:devhibernate2.jar文件copy到c:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibhibernate下。将c:devlib下的所有文件同样copy到c:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibhibernate下。将你的JDBC Driver文件(一般是一个jar文件)copy到c:workspaceMy1stHibernatelibdb下。创建数据库1、用你最喜爱的database软件，创建一个hibernate_test的数据库。2、在此数据库下，新建一个table名为CUSTOMERCREATE TABLE CUSTOMER( CID INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, USERNAME VARCHAR(12) NOT NULL, PASSWORD VARCHAR(12) );编写Java文件public class Customer private int id; private String username; private String password; public int getId() return id; public String getPassword() return password; public String getUsername() return username; public void setId(int id) this.id = id; public void setPassword(String password) this.password = password; public void setUsername(String username) this.username = username; 将此类存为c:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcCustomer.java文件。编写Test类import net.sf.hibernate.*;import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*;public class Test public static void main(String args) try SessionFactory sf = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sf.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); for (int i = 0; i 200; i+) Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setUsername(customer + i); customer.setPassword(customer); session.save(customer); mit(); session.close(); catch (HibernateException e) e.printStackTrace(); 将此类存为c:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java文件。创建Hibernate映射文件因为这里只有一个Class - Customer 和一个Table - CUSTOMER，你只需要建立一个映射文件- Customer.hbm.xml，来对应Customer类和CUSTOMER表之间的关系。 把此文件存为c:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcCustomer.hbm.xml，和Customer.java放在同一目录下。编写Ant build.xml文件你不一定要知道这个build.xml的细节，其实Ant也不是Hibernate所必须的。这里用Ant是为了简化一些任务，比如: 编译、copy、运行，等。 配置Hibernate描述文件Hibernate描述文件可以是一个properties或xml 文件，其中最重要的是定义数据库的连接。我这里列出的是一个XML格式的hibernate.cfg.xml描述文件。 true oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver jdbc:oracle:oci8:hibernate_test 你的数据库用户名 你的数据库密码 net.sf.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect 如果你用的不是Oracle 9i，可到C:perties文件里找到你的数据库，然后替换以上相对应的值。开始运行到c:workspaceMy1stHibernate下，运行ant run。如果你严格依照以上步骤，应该看到run: java log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Environment). java log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. java Hibernate: insert into CUSTOMER (USERNAME, PASSWORD, CID) values (?, ?, ?)BUILD SUCCESSFUL到你的hibernate_test数据库看一下，在CUSTMOR表里新添了200条记录，但你没有写任何JDBC code。以后如果你要更换数据库，只需要改变hibernate.cfg.xml描述文件里相应的值即可。结论此文是一篇门槛极低的入门介绍。我给一个完全不懂Hibernate的朋友看，他用了不到30分钟就运行了他的第一个Hibernate程序，从此引起了 他对Hibernate的兴趣。但读者必须认识到这只是一个开始，此文实乃窥Hibernate冰山一角上的一颗小冰晶。千里之行始于足下，你可以把此文 当作迈向Hibernate大道的一个起点。本文引用通告地址： /doodoofish/services/trackbacks/43207.aspx 点击此处收藏本文 发表于 2004年07月16日 5:07 PM 无人评价本文。 需要登录才可以评价。 doodoofish发表于2004-07-16 5:13 PM注， 在编写Ant build.xml文件一节里应加上把build.xml文件放c:workspaceMy1stHibernate目录下。 sindon发表于2004-07-19 12:37 PMIts very Good! Hope to see better articles!疯了的蚊子发表于2004-07-23 10:39 PM不错!beginner发表于2004-07-29 1:23 AMFor build.xml, add following line to make: No this line, the hibernate.cfg.xml cannot be found!beginner发表于2004-07-29 1:27 AMI take the wrong method. Since there is a path element for classeses, the hibernate.cfg.xml can be put there. In this way, the build.xml is perfect!张老五发表于2004-07-29 11:30 AM我就是照着上面的写了，还是还是出现下面的错误（我是不是很菜呀）： C:Jsboundant run Buildfile: build.xml init: build: run: java log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate. cfg.Environment). java log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. java net.sf.hibernate.JDBCException: Cannot open connection java at net.sf.hibernate.impl.BatcherImpl.openConnection(BatcherImpl. java:281) java at net.sf.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.connect(SessionImpl.java:33 02) java at net.sf.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.connection(SessionImpl.java :3282) java at net.sf.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.begin(JDBCTransa ction.java:40) java at net.sf.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory.beginTran saction(JDBCTransactionFactory.java:19) java at net.sf.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.beginTransaction(SessionImp l.java:2227) java at Test.main(Unknown Source) java Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: MicrosoftSQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBCError establishing socket. java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseExceptions.createException(Unknow n Source) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseExceptions.getException(Unknown S ource) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseExceptions.getException(Unknown S ource) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.tds.TDSConnection.(Unknown Source) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerImplConnection.open(Unk nown Source) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseConnection.getNewImplConnection(U nknown Source) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseConnection.open(Unknown Source) java at com.microsoft.jdbc.base.BaseDriver.connect(Unknown Source) java at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:512) java at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:140) java at net.sf.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider.g etConnection(DriverManagerConnectionProvider.java:101) java at net.sf.hibernate.impl.BatcherImpl.openConnection(BatcherImpl. java:278) java . 6 more BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 5 seconds华dee发表于2004-08-03 4:56 PM太好了，感谢搂住，小弟按你的方法执行了一遍，感觉不错，好好学习Hibernate，有前途啊！cowboy发表于2004-09-08 6:59 PM恩，很容易上手，而且也能看得很清楚。 请问数据库的cid是根据id加的吗？他是怎么会自动加的？ hubl发表于2004-09-11 8:05 PM不错， 不过，如果hibernate.cfg.xml用中文注释，字符编码要用 encoding=gb2312。reap发表于2004-09-15 10:31 AM我的也是报跟楼上张老五兄弟一样的错，不知楼上张兄解决了吗，望告知小弟，我用的是ms sqlserverpingping发表于2004-09-20 11:06 AM我出现了下面的错误，不知道是拿出了问题了，帮忙解决一下好吗？ C:workspaceMy1stHibernateant run Buildfile: build.xml init: build: run: java log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate. cfg.Environment). java log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. java net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException: problem parsing configuration/h ibernate.cfg.xml java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration. java:958) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.ja va:897) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.ja va:883) java at Test.main(Unknown Source) java Caused by: org.dom4j.DocumentException: Invalid byte 2 of 2-byte UTF -8 sequence. Nested exception: Invalid byte 2 of 2-byte UTF-8 sequence. java at org.dom4j.io.SAXReader.read(SAXReader.java:358) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration. java:953) java . 3 more BUILD SUCCESSFUL Cannot open connection 发表于2004-09-20 5:17 PM是你的数据库联接错了！或者是hibernate.cfg.xml中 你的数据库用户名 你的数据库密码 不对！pingping发表于2004-09-21 9:17 AM如果数据库没有密码可以吗？pingping发表于2004-09-21 10:01 AM我给数据库加了密码再连接，发现还是这样的错误亚qq:41025576发表于2004-10-20 9:47 AMC:workspaceMy1stHibernateant run Buildfile: build.xml init: build: javac Compiling 1 source file to C:workspaceMy1stHibernateclasses run: java java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Test (wrong name: My1stHibernate/src /Test) java at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method) java at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:537) java at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader .java:123) java at .URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:251) java at .URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:55) java at .URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:194) java at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) java at .URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:187) java at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:289) java at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:274) java at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:235) java at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:302) java Exception in thread main java Java Result: 1 BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 9 seconds whats the matter of it?I do as you toldhaibo发表于2004-10-29 11:43 AM我也成功了，联系qq1833740abcd发表于2004-10-29 5:22 PM你太棒了. 我运行成功了.谢谢你!顺便问一下,hibernate.cfg.xml的名字可否为hibernate.xml,望断天涯发表于2004-11-03 4:53 PM不错！不错！ 我的msn是： miaoxuena_1 有msn的朋友加我吧！ 共同学习hibernatebb发表于2004-11-29 10:24 PMjava java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError java at Test.main(Unknown Source) java Caused by: mons.logging.LogConfigurationException: jav ng.reflect.InvocationTargetException java at mons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.newInstance(Lo toryImpl.java:532) java at mons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Lo toryImpl.java:272) java at mons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Lo toryImpl.java:246) java at mons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java: java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.(Configuration.jav ) java . 1 more java Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException java at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native hod) java at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeC ructorAccessorImpl.java:39) java at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Del ingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) java at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:27 java at mons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.newInstance(Lo toryImpl.java:525) java . 5 more java Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: (class: org/apache/log4j/LogManage ethod: signature: ()V) Incompatible argument to function java at org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:85) java at mons.logging.impl.Log4JLogger.(Log4JLogge va:102) java . 10 more java Exception in thread main java Java Result: 1 D SUCCESSFUL l time: 3 secondsbb发表于2004-11-29 10:25 PM有人能告诉我,错在哪里,或发个源码?谢谢! lzj发表于2005-01-09 11:21 PM我的错误也是这样的，是怎么回事啊 init: build: run: java log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate. cfg.Environment). java log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. java net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException: problem parsing configuration/h ibernate.cfg.xml java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration. java:958) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.ja va:897) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.configure(Configuration.ja va:883) java at Test.main(Unknown Source) java Caused by: org.dom4j.DocumentException: Invalid byte 2 of 2-byte UTF -8 sequence. Nested exception: Invalid byte 2 of 2-byte UTF-8 sequence. java at org.dom4j.io.SAXReader.read(SAXReader.java:358) java at net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.doConfigure(Configuration. java:953) java . 3 more yeibinlei发表于2005-01-14 10:42 AM如何和tomcat整合一起使用啊？叶雨发表于2005-02-03 4:35 PM我的也是上面的错,不知道怎么解决啊,楼上的兄弟们有没有解决了啊?能不能说说是怎么样解决的啊!叶雨发表于2005-02-03 4:36 PM还有,楼主能不能也写一写在eclipse里怎么做啊?nake发表于2005-03-07 9:16 PM张老五 的错误是你在hibernat.cfg.xml中 jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver:/:1433;DatabaseName=gdkfzzz;SelectMethod=cursor wuhua发表于2005-03-19 4:57 PMBuildfile: build.xml init: build: javac Compiling 2 source files to C:workspaceMy1stHibernateclasses javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:1: package net.sf.hibernat e does not exist javac import net.sf.hibernate.*; javac javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:2: package net.sf.hibernat e.cfg does not exist javac import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*; javac javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:9: cannot find symbol javac symbol : class SessionFactory javac location: class Test javac SessionFactory sf = javac javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:10: cannot find symbol javac symbol : class Configuration javac location: class Test javac new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory( ); javac javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:11: cannot find symbol javac symbol : class Session javac location: class Test javac Session session = sf.openSession(); javac javac C:workspaceMy1stHibernatesrcTest.java:12: cannot find symbol javac symbol : class Transaction javac location: class Test javac Transaction tx