英语基础知识总结.docx

for有很多种用法： 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Lets go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。如: Its time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 7. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。Of的用法prep. 1.(表示时间)在的, 在之前; 在期间 2.(表示方式)根据 3.(表示对象)对于, 就而言 4.(表示原因)由于, 因为 5.(表示方位)在; 位于 6.(表示范围)在之中 7.(表示结果)在方面 8.(表示目的)用于的 9.(表示否定)缺乏, 没有介词 prep. 1.(表示时间)在的, 在之前; 在期间 He was born at the turn of the century. 他出生于世纪之交。 What do you do of a Saturday? 星期六你干什么? 2.(表示方式)根据 She did it of her own will. 她是自愿这么做的。 3.(表示对象)对于, 就而言 He felt quite certain of success. 他对成功很有把握。 4.(表示原因)由于, 因为 I was sick of their fun and games. 他们的嬉闹让我厌烦。 5.(表示方位)在; 位于 New York is east of Washington. 纽约在华盛顿以东。 6.(表示范围)在之中 Tom is the eldest of the family. 汤姆是家里年龄最大的。 7.(表示结果)在方面 The place is easy of access. 这地方容易进入。 8.(表示目的)用于的 This is a house of prayer. 这是一座教堂。 9.(表示否定)缺乏, 没有 They were destitute of necessaries of life. 他们缺少生活必需品。 of一些词组用法 be of 1.固有；导致 This work is of great interest and value. 这项工作很重要也很有价值。 of all 1.表示最不可能或最料不到的事例在所有中（编编，就连，居然） Jordan, of all people, committed a flagrant foul. 就连乔丹也有过一次明目张胆的犯规。 of all the nerve (或 英 1.表愤慨、不平居然 of an evening (或 morning etc.) informal 非正式 1.大多数晚上（或早晨等） 2.晚间（或早晨）的某个时候have的用法1.1助词v.aux.1. (加过去分词,构成完成时态)已经;曾经have/has done现在完成时had done过去完成时will have done将来完成时would have done过去将来完成时have/has been doing现在完成进行 had been doing过去完成进行EG.：They havent finished the job yet.他们尚未完成该项工作。2. (用于虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设)(假如那时).的话She might have come if she hadnt been so busy.当时若不是那么忙,她是可能来的。1.2及物动词vt.1. 有,拥有WThis coat has no pockets.这件衣服没有口袋。注意： have “有，拥有”，其疑问和否定形式有两种，如：Do you have a brother? No, I dont have a brother.Have you a brother? No, I havent a brother.2. 怀有,持有WMany people have doubts about the new project.许多人对这项新工程有怀疑。3. 体验;经验;患WWe had a wonderful time on the beach.我们在海滩上玩得好极了。4. 拿;得到,取得WWe gave him a present, but he wouldnt have it.我们给他一件礼物,但他不肯接受。5. 进行,从事(某事)The manager is having a meeting.经理正在开会。6. 吃;喝;吸(烟)They had their lunch in a cafeteria.他们在一家自助餐厅吃了午饭。Have a cup of coffee, please.请喝杯咖啡。7. 邀请(某人),招待OWe had some guests for dinner last night.我们昨晚请了几位客人吃饭。8. (用于否定句中)容忍;允许O4I wont have anyone smoking in here.我不容许任何人在这里抽烟。9. 生得,生育My wife is going to have a baby.我妻子快要生孩子了。10. 使,让;招致O7O8Pas had his hands burned.爸爸的手给烫伤了。Ive had the stove lighted.我已经让人把炉子点着了。11. 要;叫;使O3O4Ill be proud to have you read it.你肯读它我会感到骄傲的。12. 必须,不得不+to-vI have to go right now.我马上得走。13. 【俚】哄骗,欺骗HThey were had in that deal.他们在那笔生意上受了骗。14. 明白,懂得WI guess I have your ideas.我想我明白你的意思。15. 【俚】与(女人)性交1.3名词n.1. 富人;富国the PThe gap between the haves and the have-nots is widening.贫富之间的差距在扩大2示例1.have sb do sth (1) 叫(请，使)某人做某事。如：Ill have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。(2) 容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与 wont, cant连用)。如：I wont have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。2. have sb (sth) doing sth (1) 使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事。如：He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping. 没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来，鼓起掌来。(2) 容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与 wont, cant连用)。如：He wont have boys arriving late. 他不允许孩子们迟到。I wont have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。(3) 说服或命令某人做某事。如：He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。3. have sth done(1) 请(让)别人做某事。如：We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?注：有时指无意志的行为。如：He had his salary raised. 他加薪了。(2) 经历或遭遇某情况。如：He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。(3) 完成或解决某事。如：He had 1000 yuan saved last year. 他去年存了1000元。Ive had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。(4) 容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句，尤与 wont, cant 等连用)。如：We wont have anything said against the Party. 我们不允许有人这样攻击党。4. have sth to do 有某事要做。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。5. have on (1) 穿着，戴着。如：He had nothing on except a hat. 他身上一丝不挂，只是戴了顶帽子。(2) 有安排，有计划，有活动。如：I have nothing on for tonight. 我今晚没什么事。(3) 戏弄，欺骗。如：You won? Youre not having me on? 你赢了? 没骗我吧?3趣味短语have to不得不（强调“客观”，即来自外界要求）have fun 玩得开心have in mind 考虑have got 拥有have on 穿着 戴着have a look 看一看have no idea 一点也没听说过 一点也不知道have access to 可以到达have a good time 玩得痛快have some food 吃点东西have a rest 休息have a seat 就坐have tea 喝茶have a drink 喝（某东西）have a swim 游泳have a try 尝试have a talk 谈话have a walk 散步have 的用法小结一、have作实意动词。 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBL1)He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBL2) 注1：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。 注2：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, cant you see Ive got teeth, too,(JBL1) I havent got any jewelry.(SBL5) 2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）(JBL11) theyre going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）(JBL11) Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）(JBL11) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）(JBL11) (2)患病。 I have got a headache.(JBL8) I have a bad cold.(JBL3) (3)发生的情况。 Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.（跌跤）(JBL10) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（havea由动词转化和名词）。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBL10) 4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBL11) 6.组成复合结构即“have宾语宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBL17) 注：否定结构表示“不能让”或“从未有人”. We wont have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 the two men had their lights burning all night long. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： 使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBL10) he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBL8) 遭遇到某事。 Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBL12) Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBL12) 二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必 须”，可用于各种时态。 I have to look after her at home.(JBL4) 三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时 和过去完成时。 Great changes have taken place