全国新课标一卷短文改错专题攻克.docx

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除全国新课标一卷短文改错专题攻克班级_姓名_一、 高考真题再现首先请同学看下面的一篇短文改错，这是一篇高考真题。熟悉题目要求，了解试题难度。 高考真题：第四部分写作（共两节；满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then-for all these year-we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost! 二、 具体学习下面我们步入短文改错的知识学习。我们将从下列方面分析短文改错的特点及更有效地解题。1. 试题特点2. 答题原则3. 解题步骤4. 常见错误归类1试题特点从近几年的高考短文改错题看，试题具有下面的特点：1选材 短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般在110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。2考点 短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错、错词、缺词和多词等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。作为一个与时俱进的新题型，新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失分较多的题型。原因有两个方面：一是错误的不确定性。这主要是因为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每行可能有两个错误。二是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。2 答题原则答题原则应牢记在心 1“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除对应的修改标志。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。 2“四不改”原则：单词拼写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；标点符号不改。 3“五改动”原则：忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；一对一原则(一行一错，一错一词)；错误以改动最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。 3 解题步骤一共四步，分别是：1. 浏览短文，弄清大意因短文改错主要考查考生在篇章结构中对英语语言知识的综合运用能力，所以考生在做短文改错题时，首先应浏览短文，弄清短文大意，并在浏览的同时注意两个问题：一是要顺便改出那些较明显的错误，二是要对语意不通的地方(即有行文逻辑错误的地方)初步作好记号。2. 逐句研读，逐行改错通过浏览短文，弄清大意(同时还改出了部分明显错误)之后，下一步就是要逐句研读。这里我们强调考生要逐“句”去读、逐“句”去改，因为短文改错题只有一句一句地研读，才能弄清句子意思，把握句子结构，从而为改错奠定基础(若是行文逻辑方面的错误，我们不仅要逐句读，而且还要联系上下文通篇地读)；只有一句句地读懂了短文意思，你才算大功告成。3. 对照考点，推敲难点通过以上两步，你应该已经改出了一些错误，假若第一步浏览短文，你顺便改出了二、三处错误，第二步逐句研读，又改出了三、四处错误，现在还剩下三、四处的错误未改出，怎么办呢？此时你就可以走捷径了，这条捷径就是要“对照考点”改错。通过下面的题型研究，我们知道短文改错题中的考点具有较好的稳定性。比如在正常情况下“动词时态”、“非谓语动词”、“冠词”、“介词”、“形容词和副词”、“名词单复数”、“各类从句的引导词”等，是几乎每年都出现的。如果你心中装着这些考点，那么你现在就可以对照这些考点改错了。比如：假若你在已经找出的错误中你没有发现 “时态”错误，那么建议你重点去找找时态方面的错误；假若在你已经找出的错误中你没有发现“非谓语动词”错误，那么建议你重点去找找非谓语动词的错误，等等。我们认为这样与各考点一一对照，你一定会有“收获”的。另外还要利用多词句、缺词句、无错句等错误类型的分布规律来判断难点。4. 通读短文，最后复查最后这一步其实很重要，当你改完所有错误之后，然后你要再将改正后的短文通读一遍，最后从“语感”方面检查一次，看看有没有行文不畅的地方，读起来拗口的地方等等，若有就应该再修改一下。另外在最后复查一步还要将你找出的错误与常考考点(如动词时态、非谓语动词、名词单复数、冠词等)以及设错句类型(如无错句、多词句、缺词句等)进行大致的对照，看看它们是不是基本“到位”了。4 常见错误归类常见错误举例分析 1不一致性 主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。 【典例】 care what the rest of us thought about her. Like the rest of my classmate 【解析】 考查名词的单、复数一致。classmate改为classmates。 2行文逻辑 这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。【典例】 After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.”【解析】 考查行文逻辑。So 改为But。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系。3.词性、词形 主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。 【典例】black sports shoes and a black sweater ，even in the summer. She was，in fact, rather attractively， 【解析】 考查词性错误。attractively改为attractive。作表语，应该用形容词。 4动词的变化 主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。 【典例】 “Excuse me，” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。put改为putting。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。she与put是主谓关系，故用现在分词。5特殊疑问词、连词和引导词 【典例】No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going.【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。what改为how。句意是：如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用how。6多词错误 多词错误一般有如下几种类型：(1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中的成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余；(8)多余小品词to等。 【典例】 I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. 【解析】 考查多余介词。去掉for。except that直接接宾语从句，无需再用介词for。 7缺词错误 缺词现象常见有：(1)缺系动词；(2) 缺介词；(3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；(4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；(5) 缺连接词； (6) 缺否定词；(7) 缺不定式符号to等。 【典例】I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple. 【解析】 在young之前加上a。从下文可知是一对夫妇，所以需加冠词。 三、 练习一假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US，which was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold，he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say：“25 cents each.” “You will never sell these for that much，” he told Nick. Convinced，Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece. Without a moments delay，my neighbor picked up the box but announced：“Ill take them.”二假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Mrs. Winthrop，So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going. Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. Well, I had better to stop now. Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for Ive got some preparation to make. Keep in touch.Best，Carol三假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Good morning! Today, my topic is the valuable of time. Time, like the proverb says, is money. This means that if our time is good spent, it will turn out a lot of useful and important piece of work when the proper opportunity come. Although all time is precious, the time of our youth is more precious than any period of our existence because this is the period which we can acquire knowledge and develop our abilities. If we allow these morning hours to slip away, we shall never able to make up the loss.Let those who think nothing of waste time remember this. Thank you for your listening!答案：一【答案】答案二：答案：三.短文改错精练文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。在每行的下面改。AOne day I went to the market and find many beautiful birds in few cages for sale. I heardtwo young men talked. One said, “I caught eight bird like these last Sunday, but not a single one was alive next morning.” Oh, God! The birds are being killed. The number is reducing year to year. Birds, like other animals, are our friends. They set a lot of pests and make our nature beautifully. So we must do something to protect it from killed. We hope how everyone will care about them.BBefore I came to Finland to attend this meeting two weeks before，I had no ideas what kind of clothes I should take along. Fortunately, my friend Julia had gone to Northern Europe. Yes，she was a great help. She bought for me some warm suits and dress, business type of clothes, of course, of dark colours. She also bought me some skirts and blouses so that I could wear same clothes in several ways. Live coloured dresses would give me a nicer change time to time. She also helped me to choose a very warm raincoat and a pair of boots. Oh, how luck I am to have such a helpful friend. He saved me a lot of trouble.CDear Stephen，Its very kind for you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now Id like tell you something about my hometown Zhengzhou.The city stood on the bank of the Yellow River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapid inthe past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. Therefore, there is still some problems, such as air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Zhengzhou should develop their economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be bring under the control so that well have a better hometown in future.Yours，Li JunDMost families in China hoped their single children will have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so many homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. Shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our government is carry out a plan to solve the education problems. EFootball is most popular game in England. We cant see this from any match. Rich and poor，young and old, football fans can be seen everywhere, shouted and cheering for one side or the other. One of the surprised thing about football in England to a stranger is the great knowledge of the game which still the smallest boy seems to have it. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important team, he has photographs of them and he know the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell you his opinion which is usually as valuable as one of the adults.FDear Chen Li，Im very glad to hear from you. You ask me about the difficulties you may meet when you get here. Now, Id like tell you something about it. First, you may have the problem for the language. You may find it difficulty to communicate with the natives, because manyof them have strong accent. Besides, you may not get used to Western food. Whats worse, you will miss your family and friends, especially in the first few week after you get here.However, you dont have to worry about, and I will try my best to help you. When are you setting off? Im expect you here. yoursTomGOn making friendsIn life we can hardly do it without friends. There are many difficults and problems that we cant overcome with only their own efforts. Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows; otherwise, we will suffer loneliness. However, all friends can help us when we are in great need. So what on earth is true friendship? As a popular saying went, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” True friends are those which never desert you when you are in need. On a contrary, they will offer you sincere help even at the cost of their own interest. However，they will encourage you to stick to what is right or avoid what is wrong or illegal. In conclusion, true friendship lies in sincerity and selfsacrifice.HAs we all know it, we are what we eat. Therefore, its very important of us to form healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among we students. Some of us often went to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some other are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, that generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetable, fruit as well as main food. Besides, wed better have meals regular and form good habits to build up a strong body. Only by this way can we have enough energy to study better.IIt rained very hardly last summer and the little stream near our house became big river. It burst through the bank. The fields all round was soon full of water. Lucky, the water didnt reach any of the house in our village. But the burshing water from the river carried away our wooden bridge, that was over three hundred of years old. We were very sorry to lose the oldest thing we have had for such a long time. We will build a new bridge, so it will not be so familiar than the one we had before！JDear friends，Im glad to have had this chance to speak to so many friends.My dream is to be a teacher. Some students may wonder how，as they think being a teacher is hard while their pay is little.Therefore, I have my own ideas about that.As we all know, the teacher is too important and necessary for social and economic development. I has had the dream becoming a teacher since my childhood. I love being with child because they make me feel young, energetic and happy. In the fact, I think I can teach the next generation to be useful people who will be able to serve their country. Thats all. Thank you. Yours, Li Hua答案A1findfound。本文叙述的是过去某一天发生的事，动词应用一般过去时。2fewa few。“few”有否定意味，此句为肯定句，所以用a few表示“一些”。3talkedtalking。hear sb. doing sth.是固定搭配。4birdbirds。bird前有eight来修饰，应该用复数5next前加the。表示过去某个时候的第二天早晨，应用the next morning。6toby。year by year是固定词组，表示“年复一年，逐年”。7beautifullybeautiful。此处作宾语补足语，应用形容词形式。8itthem。指代错误。此处指代上文中的birds，所以应用them。9在killed 后加being。鸟是被杀的，且介词from后要用ing形式作宾语。10how去掉或改为that。此处应是一个关系代词来引导宾语从句，how不能做关系代词，所以应用that或省略that。B1第二个beforeago。考查副词的用法。根据此句时态可知，应将before改为ago。2ideasidea。名词单数误用为复数。have no ideadont know意为“不知道”。3gonebeen。考查句意理解。根据句意可知，“我”的朋友去过北欧。故此处应用been。4去掉for。介词冗余。buy的间接宾语后置时才加介词for。5dress 后加es。 dress 要和suits,并列。故用复数6same前加the。考查冠词用法。此处表示特指，same前应加上冠词the。7livelively。考查形容词辨析。live作形容词讲时，意为“活的，有生命的”；lively意思是“(颜色)鲜明的，艳丽的”。后者符合句意。8change后加from。考查固定搭配。from time to time“不时地，偶尔地，间或”。9lucklucky。词性错误。此处应用形容词，作am的表语。10HeShe。代词性别指代错误。从上下文可知这是“我”的一位女性朋友C1forof。Its very kind of sb. to do sth.为固定句型。2在like后加to。would like to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。 3stoodstands。上下文均为一般现在时，且此处叙述的是一般事实，故用stands。4rapidrapidly。develop为实义动词，应用副词修饰。5在have与built之间加been。主语与动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。6ThereforeHowever。前后是转折关系，而非因果关系。7isare。there be句型遵循就近一致的原则，其后的名词problems是复数，所以谓语动词应用are。8theirits。上下文都有暗示，此处指代“郑州的”，应用its。9Bring-brought10去掉the。bring.under control“将置于控制之下，控制住”。D1.hoped改为hope 2. in改为with 3. do改为are 4.many改为much5. have sports前加to 6. but后的to去掉 7. his改为their 8.already前加have9. lesson前加a 10. carry改为carryingE1is后加the。考查冠词。形容词最高级前面常加定冠词the。2cantcan。考查行文逻辑。根据上下文可推出，此句应是一个肯定句。3shoutedshouting。考查现在分词作状语。此处是由and连接的两个现在分词作状语，表示伴随。4surprisedsurprising。考查动词ed和动词ing的区别。surprising表示令人吃惊的事。说明事态所具有的特征或特点时，用动词ing形式的形容词；若表示主语的某种感受时，则用动词ed形式的形容词。5thingthings。考查名词的单复数。此处表示“令人吃惊的事情中的一件事”，所以介词of后的名词应用复数形式。6stilleven。考查副词辨析。此处表示“在英格兰甚至一个最小的小孩都掌握了大量的有关足球的知识”。still“仍然，还”；even“甚至”，表示强调。7去掉it。考查定语从句。此处不定式中have的逻辑宾语是前面的“the great knowledge of the game”，不能再用代词it。8team-teams9knowknows。考查主谓一致。主语是he，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。10onethat。考查代词。one表泛指，用在此处不合适，因其后有定语限制故应用that指代。F1askasked。此处叙述的是对方在上一次来信中询问的内容，所以用一般过去时。2Tell 前加to3itthem。此处指代的是上一句中的the difficulties。4forof/with。此处表示的是语言问题，而for通常用来表示“为了”。5difficultydifficult。此处是形容词作宾语补足语。6strong前加a。accent通常与不定冠词连用，表示“一种口音”。7worsemore。此处表示的是递进关系，所以用Whats more，意思是“并且”，上文中的besides也是暗示。Whats worse表示“更糟糕的是”，不符合所给语境。8weekweeks。few用来修饰复数名词。9去掉about。worry about后没有宾语，因此要去掉介词about。10expectexpecting。此处是现在进行时，表示现阶段正在发生的事情G 1去掉it。考查固定搭配。do without sb./sth.是固定搭配，常与can和could连用，意思是“不用或没有某人(某物)也行”。如：He cannot do without (the service of) a secretary.他不能没有秘书(的协助)。2difficultsdifficulties。词性误用。difficult是个形容词。此处应用名词difficulty的复数形式。3theirour。代词的误用。句意：有许多困难和问题是我们仅依靠自己的努力所克服不了的。由句意可知，其中的物主代词应与其人称代词we保持一致。4suffer后加from。考查固定搭配。suffer后面直接接名词时，意为“受到，遭到”；而suffer from意为“受之苦”。比较：He has suffered punishment.他已经遭到惩罚。He often suffers from headaches.他经常头痛。5all前加not。逻辑错误。However一词的转折表明以下所讲并非都是朋友的好处，此处意为“并非所有的朋友都能帮助我们”。6wentgoes。考查动词时态。谚语一般不随时间推移而发生变化，故应用一般现在时。7whichwho。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，those指的是人，后面定语从句的引导词应用