硕士英语综合教程2考试重点句子.doc

硕士英语综合教程2考试重点句子Astute managers have come to learn that their organizations employees are its only true competitive advantage. But whats far more difficult to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people.People-first organizations empower their employees. Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely.Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who have helped drive the success of the company. But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition. A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high and competence or enthusiasm is waning.Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. “Starbucks partners are always on the go.The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net income skyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.A recent simulation of a devastating cyberattack on America was crying for a Bruce Willis lead: A series of mysterious attacks crippled much of the national infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic email. 最近一场模拟美国遭受毁灭性网络攻击的演习急需布鲁斯威利斯（曾在小电脑客马特福斯特的专业帮助下，打破了一个异国客天衣无缝的电脑系统入侵计划）这样的一个具有高精尖电脑技术的人的帮助：由于一系列神秘的攻击，国家基础设施陷入瘫痪，包括航空运输，金融市场，甚至是基本的电子通信。The past few months have been packed with cyber- jingoism from former and current national security officials. 这几个月以来，到处充斥着来自前任和现任国家安全官员的网络主战论。The murky nature of recent attacks on Googlein which someone tricked a Google employee into opening a malicious link that eventually allowed intruders to access parts of Googles password-managing software, has only added to public fears.近期对于谷歌的隐形侵袭过程只能加重公众的担忧。因为，在侵袭途中有人欺骗谷歌员工打开了未经允许的链接使得入侵者们进入了谷歌密码运行软件的部分区域。这些针对谷歌的恶性攻击事件增加了公众的恐慌情绪。Google should be applauded for going on the record about the cyber-attacks; most companies prefer to keep quiet about such incidents. 谷歌应该为其声称自己受到网络攻击的行为得到掌声，而大多数公司面对这些事件时倾向于保持沉默。Both Messrs. McConnell and Clarkeas well as countless others who have made a successful transition from trying to fix the governments cyber security problems from within to offering their services to do the same from without are highly respected professionals and their opinions should not be taken lightly, if only because they have seen more classified reports. 麦克麦可科奈尔与克拉克，甚至那些数不胜数的实现了成功过渡的人们，由于他们先确认了政府的网络安全问题紧接着为这些问题提供帮助，因此他们被誉为备受尊敬的专业人士，除此之外，如果仅仅因为他们见识过更加专业化的报道，他们的想法也不该被轻视。Back then, those working in weapons labs and the military tended to hold more alarmist views than many academic experts, arguably because the livelihoods of university professors did not depend on having to hype up the need for arms racing.当时，从事武器与军事研究的人员比许多理论专家更倾向于杞人忧天的观点，显然是因为大学教授不需要依赖大肆宣传军备竞赛以谋求生计。Todays hype, he says, leads us to believe that “we need to develop an offensive capability in order to defend against an attack that isnt comingits the old bomber gap all over again: a flimsy excuse to militarize.”他进一步说明今天关于网络战的大肆宣传会导致我们认为为了防御一个尚未到来的攻击，我们需要发展攻击能力。这是冷战时期“轰炸机代差”的重演。它只是一个为扩大军事化的脆弱的借口。But just as it is wrong to conclude that the amateurization of media will bring on a renaissance of high-quality journalism, so it is wrong to conclude that the amateurization of cyberattacks will usher in a brave new world of destructive cyberwarfare.但是正如错误地推断媒体的成熟将会带来高质量新闻业的复兴，网络攻击的成熟将会带来一个具有破坏性网络战争的新的世界的推断也是错的。When in 2008 the U.S. military decided to dismantle a Saudi Internet foruminitially set up by the CIA to glean intelligence but increasingly used by the jihadists to plan on attacks in Iraq it inadvertently caused disruption to more than 300 servers in Saudi Arabia, Germany and Texas. A weapon of surgical precision the Internet certainly isnt, and damage to civilians is hard to avoid. Military commanders do not want to be tried for war crimes, even if those crimes are committed online.在2008年美国军队决定拆除一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集人才的但是却越来越被异教徒用在伊拉克的攻击上。这次拆除不经意间造成在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。网络攻击定然不是外科手术般的精确打击武器，且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官不想尝试战争犯罪的实验，即使是通过网络来实行犯罪。What is worse, any major re-engineering of the Internet could derail other ambitious initiatives of the U.S. government, especially its efforts, to promote Internet freedom. 更糟糕的是，任何对互联网进行大的改造可能会使美国政府充满雄心的主动精神出轨，尤其是它促进互联网自由的努力行为。只有在华盛顿坚持它自己的建议的条件下敦促中国和伊朗远离互联网的行动才会见效，否则我们只会打宣传战。But its through rational deliberation, not fear- mongering, that we can devise policies that will accomplish this.但是只有通过合理的商讨而非制造恐惧方可制定出能完成这个使命的政策。On successive occasions we adapt to the event and the experience yields less pleasure; psychologists “call this habituation, economists call it declining marginal utility, and the rest of us call it marriage.在接下来的日子里，我们适应了这一事件，但婚姻的体验带来较少的乐趣。心理学家称之为“适应，经济学家称之为边际效用下降，而我们其他人把它叫做婚姻。”This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. 这一揽子交易可不容易维护，的确，很多人在试图将婚姻和浪漫的爱情结合起来时失败了。 long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular长期的浪漫关系的问题在于他们缺乏重大变化，而变化对于普遍意义的情感特别是爱情具有重要意义。In modern society, most of the penalties for dissolving a marriage have been removed and many of the incentives that marriage offers can be obtained in other social frameworks.现代社会中，大多数由于结束婚姻关系所受的惩罚已被取消，而婚姻关系提供的许多奖励也能通过其他社会结构获得。They further argue that a passionate marriage would be exhausting, as to “live in a state of perpetual passion” would be to forgo much of the rest of life, and, in truth, there are other things. 他们进而争论说，一段充满激情的婚姻可能太令人疲惫，因为“要保持永恒的热情”将要放弃生活中许多其他的内容，而事实上，生活中还有其他事情。In any case, stability in marriage and well-being are not one and the same: a stable marriage does not necessarily mean that marriage is particularly gratifying or vital. 无论如何，婚姻的稳定性和福利不是一回事：一段稳定的婚姻不必然地意味着那段婚姻特别满意或充满生机。Such an increase by no means suggests that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners.这一增长一点不表明婚姻已死亡，只是说明更大数量的成年人更多的时候独自生活或和伴侣未婚同居。In light of such changes, the framework of marriage has been transformed from a formal contractual bond with hardly any possibility of future regret into an agreement that can be dissolved without the need to find cause, fault, or justification. 针对这些变化，婚姻的结构已从几乎不可能将来后悔的正式合同约束转化为不需要寻找理由、过错和合理解释就能解除的协议。Hence, there is no need to be ashamed of following ones heart and terminating the marriage, or even in having an affair of the heart. 因此，按照自己的心意解除婚姻或者爱上他人都不需要感到羞耻。Romantic love involves commitment, and commitment is enforced by marriage, which imposes constraints against any reduction to that commitment. In this way, the chains of marriage may enhance love. But in ideal love, commitment is internal; it does not stem from external and imposed chains, but from intrinsically valuable attitudes toward the beloved. 浪漫的爱情必然有承诺，而承诺在婚姻中通过强行的以保证承诺不缩水的制约来兑现。以这种方式，婚姻的束缚可以巩固爱情。但是在理想的爱情中，承诺是内在的，它不来自外部的强行的制约。它是发自内心地对所爱的人的宝贵的态度。“ Love and marriage may go together like a horse and carriage, but it is crucial that the horse of passion quickly be tethered by the weight of the carriage of respectability to prevent runaways.” 爱情和婚姻在一起就像马和马车；但是关键在于充满激情的马可能被防止它逃跑的体面的马车的重量牵绊 “The death of marriage has been proclaimed countless times in American history; and yet no matter how many times it fails to die, the threat never seems to lose its power.”在美国历史上婚姻的死亡已被正式宣布了无数次；不管有多少次婚姻都幸免于难，死亡的威胁似乎从未丧失威力。The above considerations can be encapsulated in the following statement that a lover might express: 上述考虑能概括地用一位恋人下面所说的话来表达：even as Mexican health officials grappled with major outbreaks of a new flu like illness.正当墨西哥卫生官员称其为一场新型流感病毒的大爆发时，研究人员最终将其确认为甲流病毒。Since most people had no immune protection against the H1N1 virus, which had been simmering in swine populations for years before jumping into human beings in Mexico, it spread rapidly.鉴于大部分人群并没有针对甲流病毒的免疫防护，而当病毒在墨西哥地区大规模传播之前，已经在大量猪群中疯狂扩散。U.S. Cases piled up in late spring, and both the sick and the “worried well” flooded hospitals, taxing health care resources.美国地区的感染病例在春末迅速激增，患者和担心自己被感染者把医院围的水泄不通，给卫生保健资源带来了巨大的财政压力。Millions of doses of H1N1 vaccine expired unused on doctors shelves, and health officials are now under fire for overhyping what eventually seemed like a harmless bug.数百万份甲流疫苗仍安放在药架上，已经过了保质期，卫生部官员也因危言耸听而备受指责，甲流也许最终不过是一种微乎其微的小病菌。In hindsight, the 2009-10 pandemic looks relatively mild certainly much milder than the initial media panic might have led us to expect. 这么说虽然有些“事后诸葛亮”的嫌疑，但是2009年这场流行病看起来相对没有那么严重But the opening of an unexpected front caught health officials off guard. .但是这突如其来的瘟疫也暴露了医疗卫生系统官员的麻痹大意。The problem is that animal health gets only a fraction of the funding and talent devoted to human health the World Organization for Animal Health is a poor cousin to the World Health Organization even though the two realms are intertwined.现在的问题是，与人类健康研究相比，以动物的健康研究为由只能申请到一小部分的资金和人才支持，尽管这两个组织之间相互依托，世界动物卫生组织也不过是世界卫生组织的一个旁系分支机构。While flu vaccines take months to produce, flu viruses spread around the planet in a matter of days.一边是流感疫苗的生产研制需要数月的时间，一边是流感病毒每天都在我们的地球上肆虐横行。It all boils down to communication and trust.所有一切都可以归结为沟通和信任。But while we got off relatively unscathed this time, next time we may not be so lucky.也许这一次瘟疫中我们平稳着陆，没有被感染，但下一次也许就不会总是那么幸运了。The only way to defuse public skepticism is for health officials to communicate better what they know about an outbreak and even more important, what they dont know about it. 打消公众疑虑的唯一方法就是医疗卫生系统官员与公众及时沟通他们关于疫情所掌握的信息，更重要的是，把他们不能确定的问题也公诸于众。Chances are it wont be the last but if we learn from H1N1, at least well be prepared.当然，这绝不会是最后一次，但是如果我们能够从甲流中吸取经验，至少下一次我们可以做更为充分的准备。The migration of expansive species depends on exploring their immediate or distant surroundings for new food sources or safe habitats; it can also come as a result of population pressures or environmental changes.数量不断扩张的物种的迁移有赖于对临近或遥远的新的食物来源或安全的栖息地进行探索，这是人口压力或是环境变化的结果。But these technologies can provide only a limited picture of what is out there; eventually humans themselves will have to travel to other planets to investigate them in more intimate detail.但是这些技术只能提供一些有限的概况，让我们知道那里都有些什么。最终人类还是要亲自前往其他星球以进行更详细的研究。Tremendous advances in rocket and spaceship technologies during the past 50 years, driven mainly by national security considerations, the need for better communication or a desire to observe environmental changes and human activity on the ground, have made it possible to send humans into near-Earth orbit and to the Moon.过去五十年间国家安全方面的考虑促使火箭和飞船技术取得了巨大进步。现在，人类已经能够进入近地轨道和月球以便能够更好地实现通讯效果或是观察环境变化以及地面人类活动。However, although we are able to produce HZE nuclei on Earth and study their effects on biological material, we cannot simulate extended periods of low gravity and their additive effects on cells and tissues.然而，尽管我们能够在地面制造HZE核子并研究其对生物材料的影响，但是我们无法长久的模拟低重力时段以及它们二者对细胞和组织的累加效应。Although they do not reach the Earths surface because they are either absorbed by the atmosphere or deflected by Earths magnetic field, there are already some experimental data on the cancer-inducing properties of electrons, neutrons and protons in cosmic rays and other potential deleterious effects on biological material from numerous Earth-based experiments on laboratory animals. 尽管HZE核子无法到达地球表面，因为他们要么是被大气层所吸收，要么是被地球磁场影响而发生偏转，但是已经有实验数据表明宇宙射线中的电子，中子和质子有致癌作用以及其它一些对机体有害的潜在影响。这些都已经在地球上的许多实验室动物中得到观察。Ironically, the health dangers of radiation in space only became an issue when the potential dangers of material brought back from space were discussed.具有讽刺意味的是，只有在从太空中带回的物质的潜在威胁得到讨论之后才能考虑太空辐射对健康的危害。However, the shortage of funds means that there are not enough large space vehicles, such as space shuttles, available