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Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityTo the understanding of the statisticsAcademy：College of ScienceProfession：StatisticsName：Yaorong(姚荣)Student Number：091414041December 2012To the understanding of the statisticsyaorongAbstractWith the development of our national economy, statistics and statistical work is becoming more and more important. In the information age, the realization of the statistical work information will greatly promote the government management model and statistical system method reform, so that these areas to realize breakthrough and great-leap-forward development. Key words: statistical thinking; Statistical work; Statistical work; Information analysis Abstract1Introduction11 The meaning of statistics12 statistical methods13 some aspects of the statistics23.1 The mean thought23.2 Variation thought23.3 Estimated thought23.4 Related ideas23.5 Fitting thought23.6 Thought34 statistical work process information35 statistics and computer science combined with the trend4Conclusion5References7Professional foreign languageIntroductionThere were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses - all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability. Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting and describing collections of data. These data may be quantitative such as measures of height, intelligence or grade level - variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum - or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data. Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system that come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child: the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population. 1 The meaning of statisticsThe word statistics has two meanings：1.1 In the plural sense it means collections of numerical facts and is widely used when reference is made to facts and figures on such things as population，crime and education。Statisticians call the figures which have been collected data。1.2 In the singular sense it means the science（or art）of dealing with statistical data。The collection，analysis and interpretation of data is called statistical method，and it is with this sense of the word that we are mainly concerned in this book。2 statistical methods2.1 Descriptive statistics, This deals with the compilation and presentation of data in various forms such as tables，graphs and diagrams。The purpose of descriptive statistics to display and pass on information from which conclusions can be drawn and decisions made。Businesses，for example，use descriptive statistics when presenting their annual accounts and reports，and the Government is a particularly prolific provider of descriptive statistics。In sum descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that involves the organization，summarization，and display of data。2.2 Mathematical or inductive statistics, This deals with the tolls of statistics，the techniques that are used to analyze the data and to make estimates or draw conclusions from the data。In fact，inductive statistics is inferential statistics，is the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population。A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is probability。3 some aspects of the statistics 3.1 The mean thoughtMean is simple and important representative of research object. Mean concept almost involve all statistics theory. It is the basic idea of statistics. It tells us that statistical issues are from the general rule of development view. Emphasis is not the total scale or individual, embodies the concept of quantity and infers that view. Though mean thought requires from the overall perspective, it demand observe the general trend to avoid the interference of individual accidental phenomenon. So it reflects the overall view. 3.2 Variation thoughtStatistical studies the general characteristics of the same phenomenon. Its premise is the total of the characteristics of the units that it is different. If the unit does not exist between differences, it will do not need to do statistics. If the difference between each unit is in advance according to the given conditions can be constructive, it will dont need to use a statistical method. Statistical method is to know the differences of the number. Statistics reflect variation with basic concept is variance. It reflects variation in average concept. Or mean and variance are these two concepts play a implicit difference show action and know till with different action. Average and variation is the same kind object characteristics of abstract and macro measure. 3.3 Estimated thought Estimated is that sample conjecture overall. It is one thing with another type of similar things methods of knowledge. The estimated method has a default: sample and overall have the same properties and sample can represent the overall. But the representative of sample is by accidental factors. In the estimation theory of confidence degree of measurement is to keep strict logic necessary steps. 3.4 Related ideasMarxism philosophy thinks that things are connected. During the change, it often appears to some things at your feet covariant or along co-occurs. And overall is composed of many individual firm compositions. And these individual things are connected. The universe is formed on the base of homogeneity. General of the individual, between the general and the other between overall are connected. Relevant concepts of performance are the relationship between things. 3.5 Fitting thoughtFit is the relationship between the representation of abstract for different kinds of things. Any single relationship must rely on other relationship exists. Relationship of all actual things played very complex. This kind of method is to rule or trend fitting. Fitting results is model, which reflects the general trend and trends expression is things and relations in number change process that embodies the mode and based on this and predict the possibility of. 3.6 ThoughtStatistical method is summed up in nature and its conclusion always has necessity and chance. Based on local features and laws of the promotion out judgment cannot be fully credible. The test process is to use sample data to test prior to the overall number of some characteristics of the hypothesis is credible. 4 statistical work process information The working process of the statistical information is statistical system internal implementation. It refers to the whole process of statistical information product manufacturing electronic. Include namely basic statistics data collection and statistical data processing and statistical data quality control and statistical primary product development - statistical information product release and statistical information resource management and the whole process of the statistical work. Statistical data acquisition achieved by using the statistical statements and floppy disk is given priority to change for the network transmission is given priority to. Governments at all levels to strengthen the statistics department and grass-roots enterprise computer network level, strengthen the statistical information network security construction, the country, the province (municipality directly under the central government) and ground (city) level government bureau of statistics, between limitation above survey enterprises (units) and governments at all levels between statistics should have rapid transfer network hardware and facilities level. To realize the government bureau of statistics to the enterprise, the superior government statistics department and the government at the next lower level statistics between departments statistics system, statistical training, electronic program network transmission and to realize basic enterprise (units) statistical data information online direct report. Minimize the statistical link. Solve the basic statistical personnel power insufficient contradiction. Statistical data processing applications are by their professional development into centralized and unified development. Unified data processing operation platform, application software, file format, A unified statistical a list of system, unified unit attribute identification code, statistical index code; Unified data processing and audit program; In order to realize accurate, efficient and convenient data processing mode. The development and utilization of statistical information data from the traditional single model into a modern multiple modes. Statistical information of the eight system 15 database: one is the statistical laws and regulations system (statistical laws, regulations, rules and regulatory documents database); The second is statistical investigation unit management system (statistical legal person unit database, statistical industrial activity unit database) three is the geographical information system (statistical investigation unit distribution database, population distribution database); The fourth is statistical investigation project management system (government statistical investigation project library, department statistical investigation items database, basic statistical index and index explain database, derived index data sources and calculation methods of database, statistical standard database, the method of statistical investigation database), five is special statistical survey information system (the national economy industry survey database); The sixth is statistical quality evaluation system (statistical index data logical relation library, statistical data quality evaluation library); Seven is statistical analysis system (statistical analysis model application software); Eight is statistics news release system. Statistical data management is by no system disorder into a system and orderly. Change the past statistical data management paper medium, magnetic medium concurrent way, change in data management and use of the rules and regulations, emphasizing the department interests, even cause history data fault block, lost and individual leak commercial secrets of the situation, to establish and implement basic and statistical data unified filing, classified use system. Not only to realize the system within the permission of the sharing of resources, and to keep business secrets in accordance with law. Material to form in implementation of the CD form, realize data management safety is changed, institutionalization. The realization of the statistical work information greatly promoted the government management model and statistical system method reform, so that these areas to realize the breakthrough and great-leap-forward development. 5 statistics and computer science combined with the trend The general statistical data processing means development history. Through the manual, mechanical, electrical and mechanical, electronic and so on several stages, data processing means of every leap, to statistical practice to bring about the development of the revolutionary. The last century s the first electronic computer was born, the wide application of statistical methods to create conditions. S of the development of multivariate statistical method is to deal with the types of multivariate data problem has a lot of advantages, but as a result of calculation workload is big, make the effective statistical analysis method the beginning not to be in practice is very good promotion apart. And the birth of computer technology and development, making the complicated data processing work become very easy, the calculation multifarious statistical method of popularization and application, because the corresponding statistical software development and commercialization and become more convenient and fast, the statistical professional theory workers can directly with commercialization statistical analysis software to deal with all kinds of practical problems multivariate data analysis, without the statistical method of complexity theory background research. Computer operation is ability enhancement. Makes the large-scale survey data is processing more accurate, fully and quickly. At present, the enterprise business management to establish the decision support system (DSS) more cannot leave the statistical model. Recently foreign rise of Data mining, Data mining, and translation of Data dip gold technology is computer experts and statisticians of common concern field. Along with the computer application more and more widely, every year to accumulate a huge mass of data, a large number of information to people bring convenient at the same time also brought a series of problems: information overload, difficult to digest; True and false information, is difficult to identify, Information security, difficult to guarantee; Information form not consistent, difficult to unified treatment; So people began to put forward a new slogan learn to abandon information. People think about how to not be information flooded, but to timely find useful knowledge, improve the utilization rate of information? In the face of the challenge, data mining and knowledge discovery (DMKD) technology arises at the historic moment, and shows strong vitality. Data mining is from a lot of, incomplete, noisy, and fuzzy, random practical application in the data, the extract implicit in them, people didnt know, but it is potentially useful information and knowledge of the process. Data mining is a cross-disciplinary, it takes people to the application of the data from the lower simple query, ascend to from the data mining knowledge, and provide decision support. In this demand traction, gathering the different areas of the researchers, especially database technology, artificial intelligence technology, statistics, visualization technology, parallel computing of scholars and engineering and technical personnel, join in data mining is an emerging research field, form new technology hot spot. Although the statisticians and computer experts concerned about Data mining from the point of view of not completely the same, but can say, Data mining and DSS, makes the statistical method and the combination of computer technology to achieve a higher level. Therefore, statistics more and more cannot leave computer technology, and computer application deeply, also cannot leave the statistical method of development and perfection. The trend shows: make full use of modern computing technology, through the computer software will statistical method of complicated calculation process barriers up, let the user see directly statistical output results and relevant interpretation, so that the popularity of statistical methods become very easy. So, to finance statistics professional students, on the one hand, to learn statistics method, but on the other hand, more want to learn how to use statistical package for the commercialization of solving practical problems, statistics and quantitative analysis to learn computer information system development of the basic idea and basic programming, able to specific units of statistical model through the programming to realize, in order to establish statistical decision support system. Conclusion With the arrival of information age, as a production information products statistics department, is the statistical great-leap-forward development of great advantage. Firstly, it has the connotation of social and economic statistical data is the characteristics of the work product, and digital science is also the basis and core of the information industry, digital the two contact so close, besides statistical information is also part of the information products; Secondly, computer, application software, network and so on is the typical information industry products, and statistical user is these products the most stable one of the users, statistic