中级口译笔译绿皮书习题答案及讲评.doc

中级口译翻译绿皮书习题一答案及讲评TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation. It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information. 分析： Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. 译法：信息和沟通交流对于现代社会和企业（组织）来说至关重要。 考点： organization 常解释为“公司；企业”或“组织”，这篇文章其实属于 Management 板块，应解释为“企业”。 具体译法：成语法： central 至关重要 One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. 译文：把企业看作是一个沟通体系，这是了解工作环境的方法之一。 译文：了解工作环境的一个方法是把企业看作是一个沟通体系。 An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive). 译文：一个企业如果具备坦诚公开的沟通模式渠道和全方位的诚信信息，比起那些试图封闭信息，曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效能，并更适宜于工作。 考点： 定语从句的翻译：第一句用了省略法，第二句用了前置法。 换序译法：翻译顺序：。这是一句较长的句子，但是句子结构并不复杂，考生可以发现整句句子是一个比较级，主语和宾语分别是两种企业，谓语是 will be much more effective and a much better place to work ，不过两个企业的后面都各有一个长句进行修饰，特别是第一个企业。因此在翻译时先把主语的情况交待完毕，然后用“比”连起句子的宾语，宾语的定语并不长，可以前置，最后再翻译谓语。 意译：这句句子意译的数量相当多，可以说是中级口译翻译到现在为止意译考点最多的地方了。 open lines of communication 公开的沟通渠道（直译） 坦诚的沟通模式（意译） valid, honest information 真实可靠的信息（直译） 诚信信息（意译） going up, down, and throughout 机构内上下（直译） 全方位（意译） more effective 更高的效率（直译） 更高的效能（意译） restrict the flow of information 限制信息的流通（直译） 封闭信息（意译） 转性译法：形容词 名词 effective 效能 形容词 动词 better 适宜于 When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. 译文 1 ：如果领导层让员工信息闭塞（蒙在鼓里），员工就会对领导不信任。 译文 2 ：领导如果什么事情都不对员工讲，员工就会不信任领导。 考点： 具体译法：加字法： leadership 领导层 成语法： keep workers in the dark 让员工蒙在鼓里 转性译法：形容词 动词 distrustful 不信任 This undermines their cooperation. 译文：由此破坏他们之间的合作。 It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. 译文 1 ：开诚布公的沟通和无误的信息，它们的价值和重要性是显而易见的。 译文 2 ：懂得公开真诚的交流和可靠信息的价值和重要性是不难的。 考点： 具体译法：加字法： importance 重要性 成语法： open,honest communications 开诚布公的沟通 正反译法： easy 不难的 valid 无误的 Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. 译文：然而能够做到这点的企业并不多见。 译文：然而很少有企业能够这样做/运作。 考点： 正反译法： few 不多见 In the long run , poor communication will undermine the entire organization. 译文：不良沟通从长远上讲就会危害整个企业 考点： 正反译法： poor 不良的 Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking . 译文 1 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业成为井底之蛙。 译文 2 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业鼠目寸光。 译文 3 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业缺乏远见。 译文 4 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息是思想狭隘的表现。 考点： 具体译法：成语法： short-range thinking 井底之蛙；鼠目寸光 正反译法： short-range thinking 缺乏远见 We must avoid these stupid, short-sightedtraps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information. 译文 1 ：我们必须告别这些愚蠢、缺乏远见的做法，并致力于建立一个公开的沟通系统，确保信息客观公正。 译文：我们必须摆脱这些愚蠢、短浅的思想羁绊，不断地努力营造一个客观信息公开交流的系统。 考点： 正反译法： short-sighted 缺乏远见 意译： traps 羁绊 转性译法：介词 动词 with 确保 TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 中华民族历来爱好自由和和平，中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础，我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。 分析： 中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。 译文 1 ：The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace . 译文 2 ： The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation since ancient times. 考点： 换序译法：“历来”前置翻译 It has been traditionally believed “历来”后置翻译 since ancient times 中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。 译文： The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations. 译文： They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist friendly. 考点： 转性译法：副词 名词 友好 friendship 中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 译文 1 ： Having suffered from the pains of wars and invasion in recent times, the Chinese people have cherished the value/preciousness of freedom and peace than ever. 译文 2 ： Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in recent times, the Chinese people treasure the freedom and peace all the more. 考点： 换序译法：“中国人民”后置翻译。 任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。 译文 1 ： The construction and development of any country needs/entails a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment. 译文 2 ： Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development. 任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。 译文： The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation/basis of that of any individual. 我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。 译文： We sincerely hope people of all nations live in a world free from wars and violence and enjoy the freedom immune to/without oppression, discrimination and humiliation. 考点： 换序译法：“没有战争和暴力的”和“不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的”后置到所修饰主体名词后翻译。 中级口译笔译绿皮书习题二答案及讲评TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing. Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in peoples heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a persons value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child. 分析： Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants). 译文 1 ：语言和文化学习，对儿童来说并不存在特定的程序和计划，但是由于语言是儿童得偿所愿最有效的方式，因而他们学语言的主观能动性是很高的。 译文：儿童学习语言和文化，无需专门编制的教学计划，但他们的学习积极性很高，因为他们若要获得想要的东西，语言乃是最有效的手段。 考点： 转态译法：被主交换： are learned by children 儿童学习 意译： special organized programs of instruction 特定的程序和计划 具体译法：成语法： obtain what he or she wants 得偿所愿 换序译法： since 从句先译 If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learnedafter upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. 译文：如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么（将来）很可能说得很流利。但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。 译文：如果一个人十来岁开始学习一门新的语言，日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到十六、七岁才学，那么他说话时多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。 考点： 转性译法：名词 动词 learning 学习 动词 形容词 persist 根深蒂固 naturalness 流利 动词 副词 naturalness 轻松自如地 意译： before lower adolescence 少年时期；十来岁 after upper adolescence 到成年；十六、七岁 hangover 痕迹 adolescence 在英语中表示“青春期”，一般指成年以前从 13 到 15 岁的发育期。在翻译 before lower adolescence 时，不能简单处理成“青少年时期的早期”，既累赘，语义又晦涩。可以翻译成“少年时期”，因为“青少年时期的早期”即“少年时期”，也可根据 adolescence 的年龄范围处理成“十几岁”。当然 after upper adolescence 直译为“在青春期后”，即“十六、七岁”，此阶段离“成年”不远。 正反译法： if learned after upper adolescence 如果成年还没有学语言 转态译法：被主交换 but if learned after upper adolescence 如果成年还没有学语言 具体译法：成语法： persist 根深蒂固 But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so docultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing. 译文 1 ：不仅语言体现了这种学习方式，文化特性也是如此，诸如握手、接吻和拥抱。 译文 2 ：不仅语言学习呈现这种模式，文化秉性，如握手、接吻和拥抱，也同样如此。 考点： 倒装句的翻译 Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in peoples heads. 译文：尽管许多人认为语言只存在于字典和语法书中，其实它只存在于人的头脑里。 考点： 具体译法：加字法： grammars 语法书 前者有“字典”， grammar 如翻译成“语法”，和“字典”并不是一个对等的实物，因为“语法”是一个抽象的东西，而“语法书”是一个具体的出版物，因此应选择后者的翻译。 But this is equally true of cultural traits, (which indicate clearly a persons value system) when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child. 译文 1 ：文化特性何尝不是如此？当人们不得不做出不加思索的关键决定，比如说跳进湍急的水流中救一个溺水儿童，那么他的文化特性就清晰地展现了他的价值体系。 译文 2 ：文化秉性亦然。在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时，如跳进湍急的水流中去救一个溺水的孩子，文化秉性会清楚的表现了一个人的价值体系。 考点： This is true of/in 表