中考完型与阅读解题技巧.doc

中考完形填空-技巧突破及专练全析详解第一章 考点扫描完形填空是一种最常见的考题，它主要考查学生的综合分析判断能力和运用英语语言的实践能力，也是对学生综合素质的考查。要做好完形填空题，既要具备一定的词汇量、语法知识和英语语感等基本功，又要具备快速阅读理解和综合分析判断能力。2010中考完形填空考点如下：1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词。2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。Do you have a plan for your future? Our country has its plan. It sells what China hopes to _1_ in next five years.The plan promises higher pay, better education and _2_ pollution by 2010. If the promises all come true, Chinese peoples _3_ will change a lot._4_ the plan, people in the country will benefit a lot. For example, the government will _5_ safe drinking water to 100 million countryside people in 2010. _6_ roads will be built to connect all towns and villages. So people living in the rural areas will soon drink running water_7_dirty well water.As the plan describe, China will make steps forward in science. China spacemen will land on the _8_. China might build its own big planes. If you go to university _9_ air in 2010, you will probably find that the plane is not from Boeing (波音) or Air Bus. Its made in_10_.（广东省深圳市中考试题）( ) 1. A. be B. do C. make D. have ( ) 2. A. more B. little C. less D. fewer ( ) 3. A. life B. house C. clothes D. food ( ) 4. A. In order to B. According to C. So far D. As for ( ) 5. A. offer B. take C. bring D. carry ( ) 6. A. Far B. High C. Low D. Broad ( ) 7. A. in front of B. because of C. instead of D. tired ( ) 8. A. North Pole B. moon C. earth D. sun ( ) 9. A. through B. on C. with D. by ( ) 10. A. Europe B. America C. China D. France 答案详解：1. B 解析：该句意为“该计划内讲述了五年中希望中国完成的事情”，“ hope to do sth. ” 意思为“希望做某事”，根据题意B项正确的。2. C解析：此句意思为“该计划承诺在百2010年之前，提高收入，改教育，减少污染”， 故此处比较级“ less ”。3. A解析：此句意为“中国人民的生活将会发生极大的改变”， B，C，D三项均为生活一部分，过于片面。4. B解析：A项意思为“为了”，B项意为“根据”。 C项意为“到目前为止”， D 项意思为“至于” 根据题意B项是正确答案。5. A解析：A项意为“提供”， B项意为“带走”， C 项意为“带来”， D 项意为“随身携带”，根据题意A项是正确答案。6. D 解析：此句的意为“将修建宽阔的马路，连接所有的村庄与城镇”， 根据题意选择D项。7. C解析：A项意为“在前面”， B项意为“因为”， C项意为指“取代”， D项意为“厌倦”，根据题意选择C项。8. C 解析：该句意为“中国宇航员将登陆上月球”， A，B，D三项有违常识。9. D 解析：乘坐交通工具有介词by, 故选择C项。10. C解析：该句意为“你可能会现你所乘坐的飞机不是来自波音或空中客车，而是由中国制造的”，故选择C项。 【小结】该题主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年广东省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。第二章 步骤及方法、浏览全文，掌握大意在做完形填空题之前，应跳读全文，抓住首尾句的含义，猜测空格词的意思，判断文体，初步掌握短文大意。二、逐句落实，综合判断在做完形填空时，你所选择的答案要既符合语法，又符合语义和逻辑。千万不要顾此失彼。因此，既要根据短文大意，注意句意衔接和照应关系，看看语义和逻辑是否和短文相吻合；又要考虑语法如时态、语态、惯用法是否合理恰当，要做到前后照应，形意结合，综合判断。可以先易后难，然后逐句落实。三、反复推敲，验证答案反复阅读，再三复查也是做完形填空题最重要的步骤之一。它是对每一个所选答案的“终审判决”。做完形填空题后，不要急于草草收场，要细读短文几遍，检查所选答案是否和上下文相吻合。对有疑点的答案要反复推敲，作出决定；对无法确定的答案，不要漏选，可根据上下文猜词填空。【经典范例】The seasons in Australia are opposite(相反) to ours. 1 it is winter here, it is summer there. Australia is 2 the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months. The summer is in December, 3 and February. The north of the country is 4 than the south. Australias main problem is water. A 5 large part of the country has no rain at all. But the east coast (海岸) has rain 6 the year round. There are no dry months here. In March, 1982, there was a terrible drought (干旱) in Australia. The summer rain didnt 7 . There were 138 million sheep in Australia that year. This was 14% of all the sheep in the world. Because there was not 8 rain and the grass didnt grow well, the farmers 9 to sell many of their sheep and many sheep 10 , too. It was a great disaster（灾难）for Australia farmers. ( ) 1. A. Because B. SinceC. WhenD. For( ) 2. A. inB. onC. toD. near( ) 3. A. November B. JanuaryC. MarchD. October( ) 4. A. colder B. coolerC. hotterD. warmer( ) 5. A. very B. soC. too D. much( ) 6. A. wholeB. halfC. allD. part( ) 7. A. have B. fallC. giveD. keep( ) 8. A. plentyB. a littleC. a lot D. enough( ) 9. A. haveB. hadC. mustD. needed( ) 10. A. died B. dead C. death D. dying答案详解:1. 前句The seasons in Australia已作出了提示，故应选择连词When。答案为C。2. 表示在“某一范围之内的某一方要用介词 in。故答案应为 A。3. 根据自然常识，一季有三个月。且句中已给出夏季中前后两个月December和February，故答案应为B。4. 根据地理知识，澳大利亚位于南半球，其北方要比南方更靠近赤道，因此，北方的天气比南方热。故答案为C。5. 该题考查词汇意义和用法。 so和 too不能用在 a large part of结构中，much通常用在形容词或副词的比较级前，以加强语气，也不符合该结构要求。故答案为A。6. 该题是考查词语的固定搭配。all the year round表示“整年”的意思，故答案为C。7. 该题是考查语义，fall表示“下雨”的意思，故答案为B。8. plenty和 a lot后不能直接接名词，而 a little不能与 no搭配使用，故答案为 D。9. 因前后两句的时态提示，此题答案应为B。10. 这四个选项的单词都有“死”的意思，由于词性不同，用法也不一样。dead是形容词，death是名词，dying是现在分词，它们都不能充当句子的谓语。故答案为A。做阅读理解的五点注意一、五点注意注意一：试题各小题所提供的四个备选项，有的是语法、结构上有错误，有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误的先排除，再考虑是否符合短文内容。注意二：对短文中的生词或看不懂的句子，应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进行猜测，尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义的选择试题，要根据文章所阐述的主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系，大胆分析推断，去伪存真选出正确答案。注意三：对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可统观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，如结合已学过的自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者的思路进行推理，从而且推断出正确答案。注意四：做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，把握性就更大。注意五：阅读的顺序一般是先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将测试题目通览一遍，然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关的段落、句子反应敏感，而对其他与答题无关的部分可以不必花费太多时间，阅读速度就可加快些。 二、实例分析（共五篇，答案均有解析）精选中考英语阅读理解训练 阅读简答专项训练ANearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their education. There are many expenses. First of all, there is tuition (学费). At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. At some community (社区) colleges, tuition is free. There are other expenses as well. Many students leave their homes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments ( flats), and they must pay for it. Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. Some families start saving money for their childrens education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also get loans (贷款) from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education. 阅读短文，回答问题或完成答句，每题词数不超过5个1. Which students pay for their education?_ in colleges and universities pay for their education. 2. How much is the higher tuition? It is _ or more. 3. Are there any free tuition colleges?_.4.Why do many students live in dormitories or apartments?Because they_. 5. What must students buy finally? They must _. 6. When do many students pay back their loans from the government?They pay them back_. BSome people want to be shot into space after their death, others want to lie deep under the sea. But most people want to go into the freezer(冷藏库).These are believers in cryogenics(低温冷冻学). Now some diseases cant be cured, but they may be cured sometime in the future. So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. When a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. Once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液态氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero. Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(处理), though most scientists say it wont work. If we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(细胞) will be broken. Can they be brought back to life in the future? 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。7. Where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death?_8. Why do they want the world to keep their bodies well?_9. How do scientists usually keep a dead mans body?_10. How many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die?_CA rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. On the ground lay a young tree, ready to be planted. The rich man called out to the old man, “What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?” “This is a fig(无花果) tree, sir. ” He said. “A fig tree?” the rich man was very surprised, “Why, how old are you, may I ask?” “I am ninety years old.” “What!” cried the rich man, “Youre ninety years old. You are planting a very young tree now and itll take years to give fruit. You certainly dont hope to live long enough to get any fruit from this tree. ” The old man looked around the garden. Then he said with a smile, “Tell me, sir. Did you eat figs when you were a boy? ”“Sure,” the man did not know why he asked this question. “Then tell me this,” he said, “Who planted the fig trees?” “Why-why? I dont know.” “You see, sir.” went on the old man,“Our forefathers(祖先) planted trees for us to enjoy and I am doing the same for the people after me.” The rich man was quiet and said, “You are right，my good man. We should do some things for the people after us. Thank you very much.” Then he rode away. 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。11.What tree was the old man planting when the rich man saw him? _12. How old was the old man? _13. The old man was planting the tree to get himself some fruit to eat，wasnt he? Who was he planting the tree for? _14. Did the rich man eat figs when he was a boy? _15. What should we do for the people after us? _DIn general，laws for children are a good thing. One hundred years ago in industrial countries, children worked 18 hours a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast enough. Both parents and teachers could do the same. Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey rules or they should be punished，others do not agree. The Inuits or Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents dont hit them. If the children go too far，the parents punish them by making fun of them. Children in other parts of the world are not as lucky as Eskimo children. American parents can spank(打臀部) their children at home，but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is also true in Germany. In contrast(对比), it is against the law for anyone to hit a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their rights. There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet！ 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。16. How were children treated in industrial countries 100years ago? _.17. What does the author mean by “go too far?”_.18. Can a teacher in Germany hit his students in public school? _.19. What kind of people can beat children in Sweden? _.20. What does it mean by “a plan for children to divorce from their parents?”_.ESydney is a young city. Its history goes back just over 200 years. But in Australia, it is the oldest city. It is also the countrys largest city. Sydney is the capital of New South Wales and the most populous(人口稠密的) city of Australia. The climate(气候) of Sydney is very good. Its not too cold during the winter and not too hot during the summer. The sky is blue，the air is fresh(清新的), birds sing in the garden. People who live in Sydney seem to have an easy life style. They will tell you, “Dont worry. ” Many people think that Sydney is one of the most attractive cities in the world. It has many tall and modern buildings. Among them, Centrepoint Tower is the tallest. Standing on the 305-metre(80 storeys) tower, you will have a great view(视野) of the city. Sydney is famous for its deep harbor(港口) .The harbor has many bays(湾) and beautiful surf beaches. Among them, Bondi beach is the most popular. Sydney Harbor is not only beautiful, it also serves as a large port. Ships carry wool, wheat and meat from Sydney to other countries. People living in Sydney like to call themselves Sydneysiders. They are mostly friendly and easygoing. When they are not working, they love to have a good time at the beach, swimming and sailing. 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。21. How old is Sydney? 。 _22. How is the climate of Sydney? 。 _23. How tall is Centrepoint Tower? 。 _24. What is Sydney famous for? 。 _25. What do people living in Sydney love to do when they are not working? 。 _阅读简答实例分析(A)John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. Id like to help you, but I cant answer your question because I dont know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”1. What was Johns job?2. Where do you think the man was going?3. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried? 4. What time was it when the man got to the station? 5. What do you think of John Smith?【答案及解析】通读全文, 故事讲述的是车站搬运工John Smith有一天在火车站同一名旅客间的一段对话，故事很幽默。第一个问题是一个细节题，第1段清楚地说明了他的工作：John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(车站、码头) 的搬运工人”，如果考生不认识这个词，也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.这两句话了解他的工作性质。因此第一个问题的回答：Johns job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.第二个问题是一个推理题，问题:这名旅客要去哪里。由文中这句旅客的问话Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推断出他要去伦敦。第三个问题仍要求考生推理得出答案，问题：为什么此人看上去很急的样子朝火车赶去。很显然是因为他在赶火车。对why提问要用because进行回答，第三个问题的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London. 第四个问题是推理题, 问的是：这名旅客赶到火车站的时间。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火车已开走，这名旅客赶到的时间是大约10: 40，因此第四题的回答是It was about10：40 (twenty to eleven) 。第五个问题是归纳题, 考查考生对文章大意的理解。这个问题的回答实际上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介绍。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.(B)John Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington, He inherited(继承) $ 1,000, 000 when he was 23. He didnt feel happy at all. His college friends were looking for their first jobs, but he didnt have to. John decided to keep living a simple life like everyone else. He didnt tell any of his friends and gave $ 100, 000 of his money to a charity(慈善团体) that helped poor children to live better lives, but he is much happier. Up to now,John has helped 15 children from poor countries all over the world, $ 200 a month for each. The child does not receive the money in cash(现金). The money pays for the childs school expenses, food, medical care and clothing. John receives a report each year on the childs progress. They can write to each other, but usually the children do not speak English. When John first heard about these children, he wanted to help them. “It was not anything special,” he said, “Until I had the chance to go to these countries and meet the children I was helping, I did not know anything about the type of life they had.”Once John went to meet a little girl in Africa. He said that the meeting was very exciting. “When I met her, I felt very very happy,” he said, “I saw that the money was used for a very good plan. It brought me closer to the child in a way that giving money alone cannot” “ I want to do everything I can. I will go on helping those children in need, “he added. 根据短文内容回答下列问题，不超过五个单词：1. What kind of life is John living?He is living a _. 2. Did John want to look for a job or stay at home after he got the money? _ 3. Does John only help the poor children in Africa? _4.The child receives the money in cash, doesnt he? _5. Why did John say that the meeting with the little girl was very exciting?Because he saw his money was well used and this made him_. 6. How do you like John Brown?He is_【答案及解析】这篇短文讲述的是John Brown继承了一笔遗产,并用这笔钱来资助15个孩子的故事。注意有的问题是用句子回答，有的则是用短语或词回答，词数有要求，不能超过五个单词。阅读简答的答题技巧学生们做“阅读简答”这样的题目时，普遍觉得不难，而考试结果一出来，却发现得高分的不多，原因就在于这种题型不仅要求考生读懂文章, 还要求他们用自己的语言简练的回答有关问题；既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，也考查了他们的英语表达能力和概括能力,另外,对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的要求，使得做简答题有一定的难度。再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，也从某种意义上加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩，好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的。1. 通读全文。做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问。3. 简练作答。在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬.4. 认真核查。完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起,审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求, 是否符合要求。5. 答案形式要符合提问方式。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从句来回答。答题时值得注意的是：根据语境、先定词义、后定词形。因此首先得纵观全文，围绕中心意思，综合考虑来确定词义，保证所填的词符合全文的大意。查读相关的段落或词句时，应仔细对照留有空格的句子或问题，找出充足的依据来确定该空格应填词的词义。所填的词还必须符合语法正确的原则，必须从词语搭配、句型结构以及人称、时态、语态上来判定所填词