Unit 1 First Impressions

Unit1FirstImpressions Hemispheres ReadingandWritingCourse CONTENTS LEAD IN Lookatthepicturesbelowandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestionsafterdiscussingthemwithyourpartner Findthreewordsorphrasestodescribeeachfigureinthepicturesbelow Wouldyouliketomakefriendswiththepersonineachpicture Tellyourreason Arefirstimpressionsalwaysaccurate Whatmattersmostwhenjudgingaperson Pictures LEAD IN Questions fashionable cool blue beautiful happy easy going clownish disgusting untidy unfriendly dark strong a b c d BackgroundInformation READINGANDSPEAKING MalcolmGladwell READINGANDSPEAKING Blinkisa2005bookbyMalcolmGladwell Itpopularizesresearchfrompsychologyandbehavioraleconomicsontheadaptiveunconscious mentalprocessesthatworkrapidlyandautomaticallyfromrelativelylittleinformation Itconsidersboththestrengthsoftheadaptiveunconscious forexampleinexpertjudgment anditspitfallssuchasstereotypes http en wikipedia org wiki Blink book Blink BackgroundInformation BackgroundInformation READINGANDSPEAKING Speeddating A Scanthearticletofindthemainidea Circlea b orc SkillFocus a Firstimpressionshappeninseconds b Ittakeseightminutestomakeafirstimpression c Speeddatingisagoodwaytomeetpeople Key Article IdentifyingPronounReferences Apronounoftenreferstoaspecificnounthatcomesbeforeit Writersusepronounstoavoidrepeatingwords X READINGANDSPEAKING NewWords Translation NewWords Translation NewWords Translation B Findtheseexcerptsinthearticle Writethenounsthatthepronounsreferto KimDaniels MalcolmGladwell surfaceclues seventymenandwomen READINGANDSPEAKING Keys C Discussthesequestionswithyourclassmates READINGANDSPEAKING Accordingtosomeexperts howlongdoesittaketoformanopinionaboutsomeone AccordingtoGladwell howlongdoesitreallytake Whatdoyouthink 2 What surfaceclues doesGladwellmention Canyouthinkofothersurfaceclues 3 Thearticlereferstothissaying Younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression Doyouagreeuponthis Whyorwhynot TEXTA Animpressionisjustlikeafootprintinthesandatabeachwhichwilleventuallyfadeaway butalastingimpressionisonethatdoesnot TEXTA MakeaLastingImpression 1 Throughoutlife theaveragepersonmeetsthousandsofpeopleandevenmoreideas concepts andbeliefs Thecontentofaconversation orthewordsusedtoconveyamessage quicklybuttheimpressionremains TEXTA fade isexposedto TRANSLATION 2 Animpressionisaneffect feelingorimageasaconsequenceofexperience However likeafootprintinthesandatabeach impressionseventuallyfadeaway alastingimpressionisonethatdoesnot Whenwemakingalastingimpressionintermsofsuccess wearereferringtoapositiveimpression TRANSLATION retained referto TRANSLATION Thosewhoknowhowto andarecapableofmakinglastingimpressionsonothers havealevelofinfluenceoverothersthatismostusefulinthepursuitofsuccess Howcanyoumakealastingimpression Thinkbacktoyourownexperiencesinlifeandthinkoftheimpressionsthatweremadeonyou Whatwerethecircumstances Ifyoucarefullythinkaboutthis youwilldiscoverthreekeycircumstances 3 Strong Thestrongertheemotion thestrongertheimpression Itiseasyforustorecalleventsinourliveswherewewerefeelingstrongemotion eitherpositiveornegative However wegenerallycannotrecalleverydayeventssuchaswhatwehadforlunchlastTuesday unlessthemealwasexceptionallygoodorexceptionallyhorrible emotion TRANSLATION TRANSLATION 4 Tomakealastingimpressiononsomeone getthemtofeelsomekindofemotion Theanti smokingcommercialsuseex smokerswithholesintheirthroatstogetthepublictofeelfear Beercommercialsusehalf nakedpeopletomakeusfeelgoodwhileseeingtheirproduct Ofcourse yourapproachtogettingotherstofeelstrongemotioncanbelessshockingandshouldcertainlybelessmanipulative TRANSLATION TRANSLATION 5 Useofimagery Peoplerememberbestinpictures notwords Thisiswhytheuseofimageryissoimportantinbothmemoryandcreatingalastingimpression Forexample oneofthemosttechniquesforrememberingnumbersistothenumbersintowords thenconvertthewordsintomentalpictures Themoretheimagery themorememorableitbecomes vivid convert effective 6 Agreatuseofimageryistheuseofdramatization Effectivecommunicatorsusethisfrequentlyin meetings lectures speeches lessons andineverydayconversation Forexample insteadofjusttellingsomeonetheyarewastingmoney takeaofchangeandthrowitinthegarbagecoinbycoin IwouldsayburnadollarbillbutIthinkthat sillegal andIdonotwanttopromoteillegalactivities presentations handful TRANSLATION 7 Differentiation Thelawofstatesthatwhichisdifferentoruniquemakesagreaterimpressionthanthatwhichisordinary Wenoticetheonelightbulbthatisburnedoutmorethanwenoticeallthelightbulbsthatarenot Itistheuniqueandthedifferentthatmakesalastingimpression contrast TRANSLATION 8 Neverbeafraidtobedifferentortaketheroadlesstraveled Donotbeafraidtodoorsaysomethingotherswillnot Becreativeandfromthecrowdinapositiveway standout TRANSLATION TRANSLATION 9 Theimpressioniswhatwhenthewordsandhavefaded Practiceleavingpeoplewithpositivelastingimpressionsandwhenthetimecomes theywillrememberyou youradvice and oryourproduct details isleftover TEXTSTRUCTUREANALYSIS PartParagraphMainIdea TEXTA 1 Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto A Forquestions1 7 choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD Forquestions8 10 completethesentenceswiththeinformationfromthetext B READINGCOMPREHENSION TEXTA 2 Insomecases oncealastingimpressionhasbeenmade B READINGCOMPREHENSION A acertainsuccesswouldbereachedB aneffectwouldbeimposedonothersC afootprintwouldbeleftinthemindofothersD acapacityofbeinginfluencedwouldbegot TEXTA 3 Itiseasyforustoforget B READINGCOMPREHENSION abeercommercialtheclothesweweareverydayafootprintinthesandanexceptionallygoodmeal TEXTA 4 Thecase theanti smokingcommercial isapparentlytosupporttheconclusionthat D READINGCOMPREHENSION A itisurgenttolaunchananti smokingcampaignB itisnecessarytomakeanimpressedadvertisementfortheanti smokingcampaignC themoreuniquetheexample themorepersuasivetheimpressionD thestrongertheemotion thestrongertheimpression TEXTA 5 Peopleareencouragedtoconvertnumbersintomentalpicturesbecausepicturesare B READINGCOMPREHENSION A pleasanttowatchB easytorememberC simpletotellD effectivetouse TEXTA 6 Ifyouhavedifficultyinmakingeffectivecommunication isagoodwaytobeemployed B READINGCOMPREHENSION presentationB dramatizationC repetitionD differentiation TEXTA 7 Accordingtotheauthor isanillegalactivity C READINGCOMPREHENSION A wastingmoneyB throwingcoinsinthegarbageC burningadollarbillD beinghalf naked 8 Generallypeopleseemtorememberbestin not 9 By neverbeafraidtobedifferentortaketheroadlesstraveled theauthormeans 10 Youarelikelytoberememberedwhen pictures youarousestrongemotion useimageryandstandoutfromthecrowd words READINGCOMPREHENSION donotbeafraidtodoorsaysomethingotherswillnot TEXTA TEXTA B Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext 1 Howwouldyoudefinealastingimpression 2 Whyisitimportanttomakeapositivelastingimpression 3 Howdoes differentiation helpmakealastingimpression Alastingimpressionisonethatdoesn tfadeaway Thatenablesyoutohavealevelofinfluenceoverothersthatismostusefulinthepursuitofsuccess Accordingtothelawofcontrast whatisdifferentoruniquemakesagreaterimpressionthanwhatisordinary READINGCOMPREHENSION READINGCOMPREHENSION TEXTA C Discussthefollowingquestionswithapartner 1 TheOpeningCeremonyofthe2008OlympicGamescanbedescribedaspassionate romanticanddream like WhatimpressionsdidtheOpeningCeremonymakeontheworld Howdiditmakeit 2 Whateventsinthe2008OlympicGameshavegivenyoualastingimpression SuggestedAnswers 1 TheOpeningCeremonycanbedescribedas passionate romanticanddream like somethingthatforeignandChineseaudiencesalikecouldfeel Theperformanceisviewedassomethingthatthosewhoareknowledgeableappreciateandthosewhoaren tstillhavefunwatching Theconceptof harmony waswellinterpretedintheOpeningCeremony 2 InaparticularlymemorablesceneoftheOpeningCeremony schoolchildrenpaintedapictureofmountains ariverandasmilingsun Beneaththispicture thousandsofchildren ssmilingfacesappearedonumbrellasheldbytheTaiChiperformers Thissceneisadirectwayofshowingtheunityoftheworld whichtheOlympicssignify Itgivesmealasingimpression X TEXTA Vocabulary Completethediagrambelowusingthewordsorphrasesinthebox Then addotherwordsorphrasesyouknowtoyourwordweb president dentistnursedoctor TEXTA Vocabulary president dentistnursedoctor FirstImpression Appearance figure makeup features hairstyle BodyLanguage eyecontact posture smile handshake ToneofVoice friendly honest kind humorous Clothing suit tie jeans blouse TEXTB TEXTB BackgroundInformationOFtextB Haloeffectreferstoacognitivebiaswherethefirsttraitswerecognizeinotherpeopleinfluenceourinterpretationandperceptionoflateronesbecauseofourexpectations Itiscommonlyusedinhumanresourcesrecruitment Itreferstotheriskofaninterviewernoticingapositivetraitinanintervieweeandasaresult payinglessattentiontotheirnegativetraits Thehaloeffectoccurswhenonegoodqualityaboutapersonleadsustoover attributegoodqualitiestotheminotherareas Theinverseofthehaloeffectisthe devileffect orthe hornseffect whereoneinstanceofbadperformancecausesthevictimtobeattributednegativelyinanunfairfashioninthefuture http en wikipedia org wiki Halo effect HaloEffect TEXTB BackgroundInformationOFtextB AlbertMehrabian bornin1939 currentlyProfessorEmeritusofPsychology UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles hasbecomeknownbestbyhispublicationsontherelativeimportanceofverbalandnonverbalmessages Hisfindingsoninconsistentmessagesoffeelingsandattitudeshavebeenquotedthroughouthumancommunicationseminarsworldwide andhavebecomeknownasthe7 38 55 Rule Inhisstudies Mehrabian 1971 comestotwoconclusions Firstly therearebasicallythreeelementsinanyface to facecommunication words toneofvoiceandbodylanguage Secondly thenon verbalelementsareparticularlyimportantforcommunicatingfeelingsandattitude especiallywhentheyareincongruent ifwordsandbodylanguagedisagree onetendstobelievethebodylanguage http en wikipedia org wiki Albert Mehrabian AlbertMehrabian Mostemployersbelievethatthosewholookasiftheycareaboutthemselvesaremorelikelytocareabouttheirjobs Inajobinterview howwouldyoumakeapositiveimpressionontheinterviewersandmakethejobyours Youareboundtobenefitfromreadingthefollowingpassage TextB TRANSLATION Fourminutesthatgetsyou Hired 1 Firstimpressionsareoftenlasting Indeed ifyou youcanenjoythebenefitsofwhatsociologistscallthe haloeffect ifyou reviewedpositivelyinthefirstfourminutes thepersonyou vemetislikelytoassumethateverythingyoudoispositive playyourcardsright TRANSLATION 2Fourminutes Studiestellusthat stheperiodinwhichimpressionsareformed Withinatenseconds thatpersonwillbegintomakejudgmentsaboutourprofessionalism socialclass moralsandintelligence Peopletendtofocusonwhattheysee dress eyecontact movement onwhattheyhear howfastorslowlywetalk ourvoicetoneandvolume andonouractualwords crucial mere TRANSLATION 3Mostemployersbelievethatthosewholookasiftheycareaboutthemselvesaremorelikelytocareabouttheirjobs Weknow it swhatinsidethatcounts butresearchshowsthatphysicallyattractivepeoplearegenerallybyprospectiveemployersasmoreintelligent likableand Yourgoalshouldbetobestpossible attractiveinthewayyoudress inyourgesturesandfacialexpressionandinyourspeech perceived credible inthelight comeacross TRANSLATION 4Here showtomakethosecrucialfourminutescount 5Lookyourbest Itsignalssuccess Studieshavelinkedclothes consciousnesstoself esteemandjobsatisfaction Yetmanypeoplefailtounderstandtheimportanceofprojectingaprofessionalimage Forgetaboutpersonalstyle Atwork yourclothesmustconveythemessagethatyouare reliableandauthoritative competent TRANSLATION Dressforthejobyouwant notthejobyouhave Ifyou rescheduledtohaveaninterviewatacompanyyou venevervisitedandaren tsurewhattowear askforacopyofitsannualreportandstudywhattheemployeespicturedarewearing orpopintimetoseehowtheydress aheadof 6Monitoryourbodylanguage Yourgestureswillgreatlyinfluenceaninterviewer sfirstimpressionofyou Inastudyofcommunications psychologistAlbertMehrabiandiscoveredthatsevenpercentofanymessageaboutourfeelingsandattitudescomesfromthewordsweuse 38percentfromourvoice anda55percentfromourfacialexpressions Infact whenourfacialexpressionortoneofvoicewithourwords thelistenerwillusuallymorethenonverbalmessage startling put conflicts TRANSLATION weighton TRANSLATION 7Tomakeyourfirstencounterapositiveone startwithafirmhandshake Iftheinterviewerdoesn tthegesture offeryourhandfirst Wheneveryouhaveachoiceofseats selectachairbesidehisorherdesk oneacrossfromit asopposedto initiate TRANSLATION Thatwaytherearenobetweenthetwoofyouandtheeffectislessconfrontational Ifyoumustsitfacingthedesk shiftyouchairslightlyasyousitdown orangleyourbodyinthechairsoyou renotdirectlyinfrontofyourinterviewer barriers somewhat 8Goodeyecontactisalsoimportant Onestudyfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactareperceivedasmore dependable confidentand 9Saywhatyoumean Yourgoalistoshowconfidenceandbebelieved Clinchthatfavorablefirstimpressionbymakingyourwordsyourbodylanguageandappearance Ifnot yourmixedmessageisboundtoconfuseyourinterviewer responsible alert consistentwith TRANSLATION TRANSLATION 10Openandcloseyourconversationonapositivenote Forexample ifyou vestudiedthecompany sannualreport andyoushouldhave consideronanysubstantialprogressthefirmhasmadewithinthepastyear oranareaofcompanyinvolvementthatinterestsyou Whenyouleave whyyou rethecandidateforthejobandthankthepersonforhisorherinterest cite remarking summarize TRANSLATION 11AsChristopherLaschsays Nothingsucceedsliketheappearancesofsuccess Sothosecrucialfirstfourminutes Lookyourbest movewithconfidence speakwith andthejobyouwantcanbeyours conviction takeadvantageof TEXTSTRUCTUREANALYSIS PartParagraphMainIdea TEXTB A Answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationfromthetext Whatisthecrucialperiodinwhichimpressionsareformed 2 Howdoyouunderstandthesentence it swhatinsidethatcounts 3 Howarephysicallyattractivepeopleusuallyviewedbyprospectiveemployers Thefirstfourminutesofencounter One stalentandcharacteraremoreimportantthanhisappearance Theyaregenerallyperceivedasmoreintelligent likeableandcredible READINGCOMPREHENSION TEXTB 4 Whyisgoodeyecontactimportant 5 Whatmakesabigdifferenceinajobinterview READINGCOMPREHENSION Onestudyfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakeeyecontactareperceivedasmorealert dependable confidentandresponsible Physicalappearance bodylanguageandspeech TEXTB B Completethefollowingparagraphwiththewordsintheboxbelow Therearemorewordsthanneeded READINGCOMPREHENSION TEXTB Howdopeoplemaketheirfirstimpression Thefirstfourminutesis Withinatenseconds youare aswhethertobepositiveornegative People tomakejudgmentsbywhattheyseeandhear Studiesshowthatmost holdthatthemorepeoplecareaboutthemselves themore theywillcareabouttheirjobs Soitissuggestedthatinajobinterview thejob shouldlookattractiveinhisorherappearance bodylanguageand Peopleshouldconcernthefollowingthreesteps projectyourbestimage monitoryourbodylanguage andsaywhatyoumean Ifyoucanlearntoachievethe ofsuccess youarethe forthejob READINGCOMPREHENSION crucial mere tend viewed employers likely applicant speech appearances candidate Box TextOrganizationAnalysis TEXTB TextBismainlyabouthowtomakeapositiveimpressioninajobinterview Theauthordevelopstheessaybylistingthefactorssignificanttocopewiththefirstfourminutes Insodoing theauthorhelpsthereaderunderstandthetopicbetter Oneofthemostimportanttechniqueinwritinganessayistousetopicsentencestogetherwithsupportingdetails NowreadTextBagainandfillinthechartbelow TextOrganizationAnalysis TEXTB TopicSentence Detail1 Detail2 Detail3 Conclusion Howtomakethosecrucialfourminutescount Lookyourbest Monitoryourbodylanguage Saywhatyoumean Lookyourbest movewithconfidence speakwithconviction andthejobyouwantcanbeyours LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT A Fillinthechartbelowwithotherformsofthegivenwords Thencompleteeachsentencewiththebestwordschosenfromthechart Changetheformifnecessary Vocabulary appearance apparently impress impressive impressively judge misconceive accuracy accurately superficiality superficially presumption presume assume LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary Jamesisconcernedabouthis Hespendsallhismoneyonclothes Somepeoplethinkhe s I mbyhowopen mindedSuKyungis Sheneverotherpeoplebythewaytheylook 3 PeopleholdanthatRachelisquiet butthisisa Shelovestotalkandlaughwithherfriends 4 IthatGladyswasonvacation butastoherdestination I vegotnoidea appearance superficial impressed judges assumption misconception assume presume accurate LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary B InTextA youreadthewords presentation Thewordendswiththesuffix ation Thereareseveralothersuffixesas ence ance sion ion and ment whichareusedtoformnounsfromverbs Completethefollowingsentencesusingthewordsfromtheboxbelow Changetheformifnecessary LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary Hesmiledinwhenhewontherace 2 Don tmeinyourquarrel 3 Hegaveanimpressiveontheproject whichwonthesupportofmostcommitteemembers 4 Isentthemflowersasanofthanks 5 betweenoldandyoungpeopleisnotsodifficultasyouthink satisfaction involve presentation expression Communication LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary 6 Healthonabalanceddiet freshairandenoughsleep 7 Don tyourproblems It snotabigfuss 8 HehasforapostinEngland 9 Heshowedgoodindecidingnottoinvestinthecoalbusiness 10 Thiscompanydoesnotbetweenmenandwomen theyemployandpaybothequally depends dramatize applied judgment differentiate LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Vocabulary C Fillintheblankswiththewordsfromtheboxbelow Changetheformifnecessary Therearemorewordsthanneeded LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT Themedicineisancureforaheadache 2 Theprojectwascompletedtheexpecteddate 3 Hissmileashesawhisrivalcomingintotheroom 4 Someofthenewpolicies theneedoflocalpeopleandbroughtsomenegativeeffectstotheireverydaylives 5 Love hatred andgriefarethatmostpeoplemayexperienceinlife effective aheadof faded conflictedwith emotions 6 Filmstarspaygreatattentiontotheirpublic 7 It snecessarytoexplainthewholethingingreat 8 Ameliaisintheplanningoftheproject 9 Atthemeetingthismorning hethedifferenceinsecuritymeasuresatthetwoairports 10 Thestudentspossessthethattheycanmakeadifferencetotheircommunity LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT image detail competent putweighton conviction LANGUAGEENHANCEMENT A Underlinethecorrectmodalineachsentencebelow IfyoureallywanttoimproveyourEng