英语人教版八年级下册Ill help to clean up the city.doc

Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks一、教材分析本单元侧重学习介绍怎样根据自己的能力提供帮助，学会关注身边的生活环境，关注他人、增强社会责任感。本单元要熟记重点短语，能用should或could提出建议并对别人的建议作出评价。二、重、难点提示重点：重点词汇 cheer，volunteer, lonely重点短语clean up, cheer up, come up with sth, help out, used to be, put off, care for听懂“帮助他人，参加社会公益活动”的相关话题及文章；掌握短语动词的一些用法难点：学会提供帮助的基本句型： Id like to work outside. Ill help clean the city park. You could give out food at a food bank. I hope that三、重点知识点讲解：考点（一）词语辨析. in the hospital与in hospital辨析：in the hospital“在医院”指人在医院里，也许是在医院上班，也许是到医院看望病人等；in hospital“在医院；住院”指生病住院。类似的短语有：in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上；in bed“在床上”指躺在床上Tom is ill and staying in bed.【典型例题1】【2013湖南邵阳】My grandfather was ill_last week.Im sorry to hear that.A. in a hospital B. in the hospital C. in hospital D. in hospitals【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-我的祖父上周生病住院了。-听到这个非常遗憾。in the hospital“在医院”；in hospital生病住院，结合句意可知是生病住院，故选C。考点：近义词辨析。. alone和lonely辨析(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。(2)lonely 指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方是荒凉的。【典型例题2】1. As he lived on the island, he felt . A. alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; alone【答案】A【解析】考点：考查形容词。. stop doing /stop to do辨析(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话(2)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话(3)stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(4)cant stop doing sth 忍不住做【典型例题3】1.You look tired. Youd better_ a good rest. A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：你显得很累。最好好好休息一下。had better 后面用动词原形，意思是：最好做。A. stop to have停下来去做，不定式表目的；B. stop having停止正在干的事。这里应该是停止做事以好好休息。故选A。考点：考查动词的用法。2.You must be very tired. Why not a rest?A. stop taking B. stop to take C. to stop taking D. to stop to take【答案】B【解析】句意：你一定很累了，为什么不停下来休息一下？why not do sth表示建议，意思是问什么不做某事。stop doing sth 停止做某事，)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事。结合句意，故选B。考点：考查动词的用法。. sick /ill sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be sick of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，【典型例题4】1.Does the _ boy feel _ in the hospital?-No. His friends often go to visit him.A. ill , alone B.sick, lonely C.sick, alone D. ill, lonely【答案】B【解析】考点：考查形容词辨析的用法考点（二）重点短语1. clean up打扫（v. + adv.）clean up the table=clean the table up，把桌子打扫干净；如果代词做宾语，要放在clean和up之间。如：The table is very dirty, lets clean it up.【典型例题5】1.Your bedroom is too dirty, please _.A. clean it up B. clean up it C. clean-up it D. have clean【答案】A【解析】试题分析：根据题干，本句的意思是“你的卧室太脏了，请你打扫干净。”在英语的短语中，当有代词是，应将代词放在短语中间。所以本题选A。考点：本题考查短语的用法。2.-What are you going to do this weekend?-Im going to help _the city parks with my classmates to make them clean.A. set up B. fix up C. put up D. clean up【答案】 D【解析】考点：考查短语辨析。 2. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）后面加名词作宾语，可以放在短语后面，或者放在中间，如果是代词做宾语，只能放在中间。【典型例题6.】1.John isnt happy today. Lets go and _. Good idea.A. cheer up him B. cheer him up C. to cheer up D. cheer up【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语。“约翰今天不开心。让我们去给他鼓劲吧。”“好主意。”由动词和副词构成的短语，宾语是代词时，必须放中间；Lets后跟动词原形。故选B。考点：考查动词短语。2._, Mandy. Everything will get better soon.A. Cheer up B. Mix up C. Clean up D. Turn up【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：振作起来，曼蒂。一切都会很快好起来的。Cheer up使振作起来；Mix up混合起来； Clean up打扫；Turn up放大，调高。所以选A。考点：考查动词短语。3. give out give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分给某人【短语】：give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表 give sb. a call 给打电话 give away 赠送give away money to kids give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人 give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物【典型例题7.】1.I know its important to live an environmental life. So I _ my story books to the kids.A. give out B. give up C. give away D. give back【答案】C【解析】此题重点考查四个短语的含义，give out意思是发出，give up表示放弃，give away表示赠送，give back表示归还。根据语境选择C。考点：考查动词短语的用法。4. come up withcome up with =think up 想出catch up with 赶上 追上【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑【典型例题8】1. He started to walk faster and the children had to run to _him.A. come up with B. catch up with C. keep up with D. put up with【答案】C考点：考查短语的用法。2.Try again, maybe you will come up with a better idea.A.turn up B.put up C. get up D.think up 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：turn up出现，发生，开大；put up 建造，举起；get up起床；think up想出，发明，虚构。句意：在想想，可能你就能想出一个更好的主意。结合语境可知选D。考点：考查动词短语5. take after take after =be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像（v. +adv）【短语】take back 收回，接回 take down 写下 take off 脱下；起飞take up 占去（时间或空间）take care 小心 take care of 照顾take place 发生 take out 拿出 take away 拿走【典型例题9】1.-You _ your father. You are both tall and strong.-Yes. And we both have a pair of big eyes.A. look for B. take after C. think of D. care about【答案】B【解析】考点：短语辨析2. Most of my friends say that I _ my mother.A. look the same B. look after C. take after D. take care【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我大部分的朋友们说我和母亲长得像。 A. look the same看起来像；B. look after 照看，照顾；C. take after相像；D. take care小心。根据题意可知故选C考点：考查动词短语辨析。考点（三）重点语法-动词不定式 A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。 C. 作（后置）定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。 D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。 E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的有：had better (not) do sth./ Why not do sth.?/等【典型例题11】1._ there on t